China: Kudzvinyirira zveMasoja

Kutonga kwechisimba kwaJuan Shikai 1913-1916. Yaiva danho rekutanga mukutonga kweBoyan militarist clique muChina. Achivimba nezvesimba rekare reAsia rekutsvaga - hurumende, shenshi, vagari venyika, uye kunyanya mauto, Yuan Shikai akaedza kudzorera urongwa hwemadzishe. Muna 1915, akaronga hurumende yehurumende uye muna December akava mambo. Mukupindura kweizvi, muCentral nekuSouth China muna 1916, sangano rinopesana ne Yuan Shikai rakatanga - kukanganisa kwakatungamirira pakuwa kwehurumende yeumambo uye kufa kwa Yuan Shikai. Mushure meizvi gomo reBayan rakaputsika kuita zvikamu zviviri. Mapurisa ekuchamhembe uye ari pakati akagovera Zhili neAnhui general cliques. MuManchuria, chikwata cheFestia chakasimbiswa, uye kumativi ekumaodzanyemba - "vanozvimiririra" vakuru. Yakachinja Yuan muBeijing, mutungamiriri weAnhui clique, Duan Qizhui, akanga ari mutongi wezveJapan. Ikoko kwakanga kune kuoma kwakasimba kwehurumende huru, nguva yehondo yehondo internecine yakatanga, ndiko kuti, hondo pakati pemakwikwi, nguva yekusununguka kwezvinhu zvemhirizhonga, kuparadzaniswa uye kuwedzera kuderera kweChina mukutarisana neutongi hwekudzvinyirira. Muchirevo chekurwisana kunoramba kuripo pakati pekare uye itsva muna 1917, kuedza kwekupedzisira uyewo kubudirira kwakagadzirwa pakudzorera hurumende. China: Kudzvinyirirwa kweMasoja ...

Kutanga kwehurumende yekusununguka kwehurumende muChina munguva pfupi yapfuura yaive musi weMay 4 musangano we1919. Chikonzero chekunze kwekufambisa uku kwaiva kusarudzwa kwemusangano worugare wakavhurwa muParis musi waJanuary 18, 1919. Masimba emuInderiya akaramba kurangarira zvinodiwa zveChinese (mubatsiri muHondo Yenyika kubva munaAugust 1917) kutumira kuna iye kodzero dzose uye ropafadzo dzakambove dzawanikwa neGermany muruwa rweShandong, kuvhara kodzero dzose uye ropafadzo dzemasimba emutongi muChina. Musi waApril 30, Simba rakagamuchira zvinyorwa 156-158 zveSangano reVersailles, maererano nekodzero dzose uye ropafadzo dzakambogamuchirwa neGermany zvakabvumirana neChina dzakatamirwa zvachose kuJapan.

Kusaruramisira uye kunyadzisa kweChina, zvinyorwa zveChipatano cheVersailles zvakakonzera kutyisa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvechiChinese. Chiratidziro uye rally, yakarongeka pamusoro pekutanga kwevadzidzi veBeijing musi waMay 4 pasi pezvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi Sangano reVersailles, rakaratidza kutanga kwemauto anopesana neimperialist, sangano rekurwisa nyika yekuJapan rechina chinonzi intelligentsia, mashizha emadhorobha uye mashizha makuru uye mabhizimisi emabhizimisi, vashandi nevashandi mumaguta makuru eChina, izvo zvakagara kusvikira muna June 1919. Sangano rezvematongerwe enyika uye rezvematongerwe enyika rekutenderera kwakatungamirirwa nehutungamiri hwezvematongerwe enyika uye hwemagariro evanhu vaduku-bourgeois intelligentsia nevadzidzi. Vatungamiri vechiChinese vakanga vachiri "kirasi mavari," uye "vakaenda" kumanyori echirevo chema democracy uye anti-imperialist e bourgeois uye petty-bourgeois intelligentsia. Asi kubatanidzwa kwevashandi vanenge 100 000 mukurwisana kweJapan, zviratidzo uye kurambidza muna May-June 1919 vakaratidza kuedza kwekutanga kweChinese kushandira kirasi kupinda muchiitiko chehondo yezvematongerwe enyika semasimba ekuzvidzivirira. Sangano re "May 4" rakabatanidzwa mukuwedzera kukura kwebato rezvematongerwe enyika reChina rinoshanda.

China: Kudzvinyirira zveMasoja