Chitsuwa chinopikisana. Tarabarova haisisiri pamapu, iye zvino yava Yinglundao. Chiwi cheTarabarov chakapiwa China. Kubatana kwemuganhu weRussia neChinese

Kuvapo kwevanhu vose vakarongeka kunoda imwe ndima. Uyezve, kuchengeteka nekushanda kwenyika idzi kunofanira kutungamirirwa nehurumende maitiro. Asi izvi, sezvinoratidzwa nhoroondo, zviri pachena kuti hazvina kukwana. Kuchengetedzwa nekuvimbika kwenyika kunogona kuvimbiswa chete kana miganhu yaro yakanyatsotsanangurwa uye inozivikanwa nevamiriri venyika yose. Ndicho chikonzero kukakavadzana kwenyika kunoramba kuri imwe yenhau dzakakosha dzemitemo yekunze kwenyika imwe neimwe.

Masimba makuru akadaro seRussia neChina haasi ivo. Pakutanga, pakati pavo paiva nehupamhi muhupamhi hwayo yegwenga kana nzvimbo dzakapararira. Kurutivi rwokumaodzanyemba kweChina kwaiva Guru Guru reChina. Kusvika iye zvino, iri kure nemuganhu uno. Uye kureba kunopfuura makiromita chiuru. Zvechokwadi, yakanga iri nguva refu yapfuura. Zvadaro maChinese aisagona kunyange kufunga nezvekuti Rwizi rwaAmur pamepu rwaizova mutsetse wemvura pakati pehurumende neRussia. Mushure mezvose, mumazuva iwayo ndima idzi dzaive nyika yeManchus yehondo. Uye vanhu ava vakanga vari kure neHan Chinese - chizvarwa cheChinese.

Muganhu wakareba kwazvo munyika

Nhoroondo yakaita zvirongwa zvayo, uye kusvika panguva ino tinogona kutaura kuti Russia neChina ndiwo madzimambo maviri akapinda muzana remakore rechi20 senyika mbiri dzakapoteredza. Muganhu wepamutemo pakati pavo wakambovapo kwemakore anopfuura zana nemakumi matatu. Muna 1860, kusayirwa kweBeijing Treaty, umo "kubva ikozvino kusvika nekusingaperi" yakagadzirirwa muganhu wematunhu maviri.

Russia neChina ndiwo mauto maviri ane muganhu mukuru kune dzimwe nyika. Uyu ndiwo mutsetse wemakiromita zviuru gumi. Inotangira kubva kumucheto wemiganhu yeRussia, China neAustralia uye inoguma nechinzvimbo chekugara kweRussia, China neKorea.

Kubatana kwemiganhu

Urongwa hweChipikirwa cheBeijing chezana remakore rechi19 chakave chichichinja dzimwe mazuva. Vakadzokororwa, kureva kuti, vakaisa miganhu. Izwi iri rinoreva kujekesa miganhu iripo yehurumende mbiri. Chikonzero cheizvi chinogona kuchinja mumubhedha we nzizi, ivhu revhu, nezvimwe. Zvisinei, kuiswa kwemuganhu weRussia-chiChinese kwakaitika nekuda kwekuvandudzwa nekudzokorora kwezera riripo rekuparadzanisa.

Kuita kwemabasa aya kwaingova chikamu chinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakasikwa. Saka, kwemakore makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe akapfuura kubva pakisayirwa kweBeijing Treaty, rwizi Tumannaya rwakashandura mararamiro aro. Yakatanga kutakura mvura yayo kuRussia. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki mukugadzirisa zvigaro zvemashure emamiriro maviri nevechipiri zvakaratidzwa.

Chikamu chekumabvazuva chemuganhu

Mitsara iyo Russia neChina yakafanana nayo yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Chikamu chekumabvazuva chemuganhu wehurumende chinotangira kubva mumuganhu wekuvakidzana navo neMongolia. Kureba kwemitsara iyi inopfuura makiromita zviuru makiromita.

Pasinei nezvibvumirano zveBeijing zve1860, muganhu wakabva pakati penyika mbiri wakakurudzirwa kanopfuura kamwe. Iyo miganhu yeChina neRussia yakakurudzirwa kakawanda nehurumende dzenharaunda uye vanhu vese vari vaviri. Ndokusaka pakanga pane chido chekudzorera mitsara sezvavakagadzirirwa pavanasaina zvibvumirano zvakasiyana-siyana.

Nharaunda Yakaitika

Munenge pedyo nehurefu hwayo hwose, muganhu wekumabvazuva pakati pemasimba maviri makuru akapfuura uye unoenda kusvikira nhasi, apo Rwizi rwaAmur ruri pamapu, uyewo apo Argun naUssuri nzizi dzinoyerera. Zvisinei, kusvika muna 1992, iyi mutsara wekuparadzanisa haina kuiswa maererano. Kusvikira muna 1931 nzizi dzomuganhu dzaive nehurumende dzekusununguka dzekufamba. Mvura inoshandiswa iyo yose inotaura zvakasununguka mumigwagwa yavo. Mukuwedzera, zviwi zvakawanda zvitsuwa zvehova zvaive zvisiri mubato.

Zvinhu zvose zvakachinja mushure mekutanga kwechiJapan chisimba chakatungamirirwa neChina, uye zvakare mushure mekugadzwa kwenharaunda yeChimbwa yeManchukuo. Nokuda kweSoviet Union, izvi zvaiva pachena kutyisidzira kuchengeteka. Ndicho chikonzero nyika yedu yaifanira kusimbisa zvakasimba nharaunda yerwizi. Pakutanga, chisarudzo ichi hachina kukonzera kushorwa kubva kuChina. Asi kubva kune makumi matanhatu ezana remakore ekupedzisira kukakavadzana kwakatanga kuvakwa pakati pematunhu edu. Ndokusaka Soviet kutonga pamusoro pemvura yemiganhu yemiganhu yakave iyo ndiyo inokonzera zviitiko.

Nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa

Panguva yekutaurirana pakati peU.SR uye China, nyaya dzehutongi hwezvikamu zvakasiyana dzakakurukurwa kwenguva refu. Yokutanga yeiyi yaiva ndima mbiri muChita region. Ichi chitsuwa chakakura kwazvo, chiri paRwizi Argun, chiri makiromita makumi mana kusvika kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kweguta reZabaikalsk. Zvarinoreva kuRussia zvinoshamisa. Ichi chitsuwa chinobatanidza nyika yedu neChina neMongolia. Mukuwedzera, iyi simboti ndiyo inonyanya kunwa mvura yekunwa yevanhu veguta reKrasnokamensk, umo maine anenge 90 muzana euranium yakabudiswa.

Sangano rechipiri rinopikisana, riri muChita region, ndiro chitsuwa cheMenkeseli. Akazova nyaya yekusawirirana mushure mokunge argun yashandura ikozvino, kutenderera chiteshi 5 km kuchamhembe.

Uyezve, kukakavadzana pakati peRussia neChina kwakaitirwa nzvimbo mbiri muKhabarovsk Territory. Yokutanga pane izvi Bolshoi Ussuriysk. Nharaunda yacho iri pedyo neKhabarovsk - guta guru reRussia kuFar East.

Chiwi cheTarabarov chakagumutsawo kukakavadzana. Iko iri kure neKhabarovsk. Ichi chitsuwa chine nzvimbo inokosha. Mukuwedzera, kwakapoteredza nhamba yakawanda yeimwe zviwi uye zviwi. Vakawanda vavo vanowanikwa apo Rwizi rwaUssuri runopinda muAmur. Chitsuwa cheTababarova chakatumidzwa zita rinopfuura makore zana apfuura. Zvadaro, muna 1912, munharaunda yake akagara nemhuri yake uye akaisa ipapo upfumi hwevanhu vaishanda nesimba. Zita rake rainzi Sergey Maksimovich Tarabarov. Nzvimbo yepamutemo, chitsuwa chacho chakanga chagadzirirwa Soviet Union muna 1929. Pakati peguta uye iri pane Great Ussuri.

Mhedzisiro yezviitiko zvemuganhu ndeyewo nzvimbo nhatu munzvimbo yePermorsky. Nzvimbo iyi:

• Near the lake Khanka;
• R akafanana nemhando yakatarisana nePoltava.

Nharaunda yechitatu mapoka maduku maviri enyika kuchamhembe kweLake Khasan.

Zvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvakakosha kuRussia mune zvehupfumi. Ndicho chikonzero ivo pakutanga vaiva pasi pekutonga kwakananga. Mukuwedzera, chiwi cheTarabarova uye nzvimbo dzinokosha dzeGreat Ussuriysk dziri munzvimbo dziri pedo neKhabarovsk, uye naizvozvo ndiyo kudzivirirwa kwayo kana zvigadzirirwa.

Kuita zvisarudzo zvokupedzisira

Muna 1991, zvibvumirano zvakasayirwa pakati pePublic Republic of China neRussia kugumisa mhiri kumabvazuva. Uye negore gare gare, basa rekuparadzanisa rakatanga mundima iyi. Somugumisiro, muganhu pakati pemasimba makuru maviri akave akajeka zvakajeka munharaunda. Mabasa ose akaitwa pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwekambani yakasikwa yakarongwa, umo vamiririri vematunhu ose aripo.

Kwenguva yekutanga munhau, kubva kumiganhu neMongolia kusvika kurwizi. Iko kunokwana 1184 mbiru dzomuganhu dzakaiswa. Nharaunda iri pakati pavo i 1.5-3 km, uye mune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzine ruzivo rwakaoma - 300-500 m. Zvakare, mazana emakiromita emakirati akave akachekwa uye nhamba yakawanda yezvivako zvekugadzirisa zvisingashandisi zvakaparadzwa. Isu takabata pamasangano emabasa uye nharaunda. Izvo zviyero zvizhinji zve hydrographic zviitiko zvaiitwa kumiganhu yeAmur neUssuri, uye mabhutu akaiswa muEquator yeLake Khanka.

Basa rokutsvaga harisi kungoshanda chete, asiwo nzira yakaoma kwazvo. Saka, vagari vomuRussia vepachivako cheChina, vari pamuganhu, vaifunga nzvimbo yekutanga yeRussia. Mushure mezvose, vakashandisa nyika idzi nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo zvemari. Kunyange zvakadaro, mabasa ose akaitwa maererano nezvisungano zvakasimbiswa pakati penyika mbiri. Kubudirira kugadziriswa kwezvakaitika kwakabatsira zvikuru kusimbisa ushamwari pakati peRussia neChina, pamwe nekusimbisa kusimba munharaunda.

Kuzadzikiswa kwemaitiro

Chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yehukama pakati peRussia neChina yakaitika pakuwa kwegore ra2004. Musi waOctober 14, imwe chibvumirano pamusoro penzira yekumabvazuva kwakasayirwa muBeijing. Icho chaiva kuguma kwenzvimbo dzakapesana pakati penyika mbiri.

Maererano nesungano yakasayirwa, chitsuwa cheTababarova uye chikamu chechitsuwa che Great Ussuriysk chakatumirwa kuChina.

Nhoroondo yekukakavadzana

Ani zvake ane chitsuwa cheTarabarov uye chikamu che Greater Ussuriysk, Russia neChina havana kukwanisa kusarudza kubva muna 1964. Iko panguva iyo iyo mhirizhonga yenyika yakatanga pakati pemasimba maviri makuru, ayo asina kumbogadziriswa zvakakwana.

Kuti vawane zvose uye chimwe chechipiri chitsuwa, maChina vakatanga hondo yekudiridza ne USSR. Yakanga iri nguva inogara ichifashamo mumugwagwa weKayevichev necheji ine jecha. Chinangwa chemabasa akadaro chaiva kutungamirirwa kwechiteshi kune zvitsuwa uye kubatana kwayo neGungwa reChina. Munyaya iyi, zvitsuwa zveBolshoi Ussuriisky neTarabarova zvingangove zviri munharaunda yeChechi yeMambo. Asi izvi zvakakundikana, sezvo vaRussia vakaramba vachidzika pasi peAmur uye vakavaka mabhanga ayo. Uye chibvumirano che 2004 chete chakaisa kuguma kwehondo yakawedzerwa yekudiridza.

China yakawana chii?

Maererano nezvibvumirano zvakasayirwa, Russia yakashandura chitsuwa cheTarabarova kune imwe nyika yakapoteredza. Vakapa China uye chikamu chekumadokero cheGreat Ussuriysk (chakakamurwa zvakaenzana zvakaenzana). Kusvika iye zvino, ndima idzi inharaunda yeHeilongjiang.

Ikozvino muganhu? Mushure mechikamu cheGreat Ussuriysky, uyewo chiwi cheTarabarov chakapiwa kuChina, muganhu pakati penyika mbiri idzi wakatanga kuyambukira kumhenderekedzo yeKhabarovsk. Uye vagari vomunharaunda, iri paGreat Ussuriysk, vakaramba vari paRussia. Vamwe vose vakaenda kuChina. Pakazara, Russia yakapa nyika yakapoteredza 337 km makiromita munzvimbo yacho.

Chii chakachinjwa mushure mekutengeswa kwenharaunda?

Kusvika nhasi, Fr. Tarabarova uye chikamu cheGreat Ussuriysk ndiyo zviwi zveChina. Nyika yakapoteredza yakaswedera pedyo neKhabarovsk kamwechete kwemakiromita makumi mashanu. Pakutanga, Bolshoi Ussuriisky aidzivirira Russia kubva kuhondo yehondo. Panharaunda yaro pane nzvimbo yakakomberedzwa. Kusvika iye zvino, mauto akasiya zvose zvivako zveunyanzvi uye akatamira kune imwe nzvimbo.

Kukohwa kukuru kweGreat Ussuriysky ndiyo yeOrthodox chapel, yakagadzirirwa mukukudza kwaSt. Victor. VaChinese vainzwira tsitsi chitendero chedu chechitendero uye vakatora rutivi rwemuganhu kubva kure netembere.

Nhasi, nharaunda dzakapiwa neRussia, maererano nechibvumirano cha 2004, inharaunda yeHeilongjiang ye Fuyuan county. Zvitsuwa zveRussia Tarabarova naBolshoi Ussuriysk - about. Inpuntao naFr. Heixiangzidao.

Kubva kumaodzanyemba kuchamhembe, mugwagwa mukuru wakatovakwa kune dzimwe nyika. Pamwe pamwe nechekumadokero kwakagadzirirwa kuvaka kwe "Most Eastern Pagoda". Iri ndiro shongwe yakawanda, inosvika pakakwirira mamita 81, ine chiyero chekona. Yakavakwa yaro inogadzirwa nenzira yeTan na Han dynasties. Pagoda, iyo inomuka yakatarisana nechitendero cheSt. Victor, ichaita chiratidzo chakajeka cheganhu rakagamuchirwa neChina. Iyo shongwe yakakwirira zvokuti iwe unogona kuiona kubva kumusha weRussia muAmur floodplain.

Zvakakodzera kutaura nezvekuti nzvimbo yekumabvazuva yeChinese yakashandura nzvimbo yayo. Pakupedzisira, akanga ari mumusha weUsu, uye zvino akatamira kuHeixiangzi. Somugumisiro, maChinese akatanga kusangana nemangwanani masikati makumi mashanu nemasere masikati apfuura.

Zvitsuwa zvinoshanyira zvakasimba nevashanyi vanobva kunyika idzi mbiri. Somuenzaniso, muna 2015 nhamba yevafambi yaiva yehafu yemamiriyoni.

Zvisikwa zvezvisikwa zvenharaunda dzakapfuurirwa

Chitsuwa cheTarabarova, seGreat Ussuriysk, ine nyika dzakapfuma. Kusvikira makumi manomwe kubva muzana yezvikamu zvavo zvinogona kushandiswa semafuta, hayfields uye nyika inobhururuka. Mukuwedzera, zvitsuwa zvinogarwa nemhuka dzinobereka zvitsvuku, pamwe chete neyemungu uye mvura ine mvura. Iko kune zvipenyu kune nyika idzi dzakanyorwa muRead Books dzeUSSR, Russia ne International Union. Nhamba yavo inosanganisira: maJranese nematombo madema, mashomanana emakungwa, makanda akaoma, mandarin, chekucheka Far Eastern tortoise, nezvimwewo.

Mvura yeMafodplain, pamwe chete nemvura yeRwizi rwaAmur uye mitsara yaro yakazara muhove. Ikoko kunewo mhuka dzakachengetedzwa. Uyu ndiChinese-aukha uye chi cupid. Pasi pezvitsuwa, kutamira kune dzimwe nyika kunopinda muchikwata chekutenga uye chigadziko.

Hongu, China yakapiwa nyika yakafuma. Zvisinei, rutivi rweRussia runofunga kuti mune hurongwa hwezvehupfumi, haina kuisa kurasikirwa kukuru. Nyika yedu ine zvirongwa zvikuru. Vanofungidzira kusikwa kwekubatana kweRussian-Chinese zone munzvimbo idzi. Izvi zvichatibvumira kuti tive nemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana ekugadzirisa kwekutengeserana kwekutengeserana pakati pepurovhinzi yeHeilongjiang neKhabarovsk Territory. Uye nanhasi mubhadharo yezvematongerwo enyika mari inoshandiswa pakuvakwa kwebhiriji kubva kuKhabarovsk kusvika kuchitsuwa cheHeixiangzi chakatotanga kugadzirwa.