Dzhordzh Berkli: uzivi, pfungwa huru, Biography

Pakati vazivi vaizviti empirical uye rondedzero dzokufungidzira dzinowanzoguma maonero, zvikuru nomukurumbira ndiye Dzhordzh Berkli. baba vake aiva wokuEngland, asi George vaiona anozviita Irishman, nokuti ipapo, kumaodzanyemba kweIreland, akaberekwa muna 1685. With makore gumi nemashanu, jaya akatanga nguva yokudzidza kukoreji, iro chichagamuchirwa kwakabatana nzira imwe kana mumwe yakareba hwake (kusvika 1724). Muna 1704, Berkeley, Jr. akagamuchira tsvimborume kuti dhigirii uye makore matatu gare gare - dhigirii tenzi pamwe nekodzero kudzidzisa mudiki pedsostave. Makore mashomanana gare gare akava muprista ane yeAnglican Church, uye ipapo - munhu miteva uye mukuru mudzidzisi panguva kukoreji.

Nyaya idealism

Kunyange panguva muduku D. Berkley kusarudza pakati maonero pfuma uye kuzviitira idealism, akatora kurutivi yokupedzisira. Akava murevereri zvechitendero uye zvaakanyora, achiratidza ukama yomunhu manzwisisire kwenyaya panzira iyo anoona uye anonzwa mweya (pfungwa, kuziva), kuumbwa naMwari. Kunyange muuduku akanyorwa mabasa ake kuti vava chinokosha kukura pfungwa uzivi , uye vakakudza zita - Dzhordzh Berkli.

Philosophy uye kutsvaka chokwadi vakatanga kuona upenyu Irish anofunga. Pakati mabasa ake unofadza: "Zvakaitika matsva chiratidzo", "bhuku riri Principles of Human Knowledge," "Three kukurukura pakati Hylas uye Philonous". Kuzivisa basa iri chiratidzo idzva, wechiduku muzivi, kuisa chinangwa kurerutsa kukosha zvikuru unhu, vachiratidza rusununguko edu kuziva chokwadi yacho. Kusiyana dzidziso Descartes pamusoro rwakadini miviri, dzakatobvuma akawana mukurumbira panguva, zvaanozivisa kutsamira ari nechokure maonero, chimiro uye nzvimbo zvinhu nokuona. Maererano muzivi, ukama pakati akasiyana nezvekufadza - ndiyo nzvimbo pfungwa, izvo chakaumbwa ruzivo.

Chinokosha mabasa muzivi

Taiva zvichiratidza zvakasiyana kusanganisira yezvouMwari kutsvetera pakati anofunga mabasa. Asi mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru mabasa ndicho "Three nhaurirano Hylas uye Philonous" (Dzhordzh Berkli - uzivi), pfupi iyo tinogona kutaura izvi: munyori akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro dzisiri maonero ari relativity yokunzwisisa chokwadi, uye phenomenalism. In basa rake "The kufamba" Berkeley nharo maonero Newton pamusoro chaihwoihwo pfungwa kufamba. The kusvika ouzivi George ndiko kuti sangano haagoni kuva yakazvimirira nzvimbo uye nguva. Kwete chete ari pfungwa paakatsoropodzwa nomuzivi, asiwo Newton dzakawanda dzimwe muchikwata.

Chinokosha zvimwe zviviri inoshanda Berkeley nhaurirano pakati chitendero hachina basa muupenyu "Alciphron" uye zvikonzero dzouzivi pamusoro tara mvura, uko kunomutsa mubvunzo mashandisiro yezvokurapa pamusoro tara uye vanotiza vakananga vakasununguka tiivistelmä kwouzivi uye zvouMwari hunhu.

mhuri

Mukadzi muzivi rakanga Anna Forster - Ground mwanasikana (baba vake aiva Irish Mutongi nharo). Zvinokosha kucherechedza nyore, ushamwari uye anofara kwehunhu George. Akanga achida neshamwari nevazivikanwi. nokukurumidza hanya ake akanga Foundling Hospital, yakavambwa youmambo chata. Mukadzi akamuberekera vana vanomwe. Zvisinei, mumazuva iwayo, vana vakawanda havana kurarama kusvikira vakura, zera chikonzero kubva chirwere. Pana Berkeley, rakapona matatu chete, uye vamwe vakafa.

Apo Dzhordzh Berkli nhaka, akaita zvakataurwa kuti mukudenga Bermuda kuchikoro apo vahedheni vakanga vatendeuka kuti chiKristu. First basa chakagamuchirwa zvakasimba uye aifarirwa Paramende uye anotsigirwa revatongi yeChina. Zvisinei, kana mumishinari neshamwari dzake vakaenda kuchitsuwa, rakanga zvishoma nezvishoma vakakanganwa. Uye pasina zvakakwana mari musayendisiti-muzivi aifanira kurega mumishinari. Zvishoma nezvishoma, anosiya basa rake uye kupedza nguva yakawanda nemwanakomana wake. Dzhordzh Berkli wakararama makore makumi matanhatu nemanomwe nemakore uye akafa muna 1752. In rukudzo ake ainzi muguta Berkeley mune rimwe States of America - California.

ontology Berkeley

Vachikurudzirwa guru muzivi uzivi vaiva nevafungi zhinji, kusanganisira Kant uye Hume. Nepfungwa huru, iyo inoparidzirwa dzinoona Berkeley, waiva kukosha kubata mweya wayo mifananidzo kuumbwa. Nemamwe mashoko, chero maonero pamusoro peshoko iri mugumisiro omumwe mweya wayo kwevanhu. dzidziso yake huru yaiva dzidziso kuzviitira idealism, "Pane kungoti ini wangu kutsinga dzinouya maonero enyika. Basa haako, panongova yangu kuzviitira manzwisisire payo. Mwari anotumira, uye zvinowanisa pfungwa iyo munhu anonzwa zvose munyika ino .... "

Mukunzwisisa muzivi zviripo - kunonzwisiswa. Ontology Berkeley - ndiwo musimboti solipsism. Maererano maonero anofunga nokuvapo mamwe yokugezera ane "wokupedzisira" structuredness pangangova chete anobata inference, izvo protrude Ringanidzo chawo.

dzisingapindirani maonero

Zvisinei, dzidziso muzivi vakachengeta kusawirirana. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe fuma, "Ini", akashandisa chete nharo kusvikira nevatsoropodzi zvokunyama uye uchapupu indivisibility uye kubatana pakutanga. Zvisinei, mutsivi wake, Devid Yum formalized pfungwa idzi dzidziso, apo akatambura vanzwisise nyaya zvokunamata zvinoriumba: wacho "I" - iri "chiputu zvaanonzwisisa." Hazvibviri kuti kutyora kure zvinhu maonero, paunodzidza mabasa akanyora muzivi Dzhordzh Berkli.

Quotes yezvechitendero uye anofunga afuridzire pfungwa dzisingaperi, uye kukosha kwaMwari muupenyu hwake pazviri Wemasimbaose. Zvisinei, panguva imwe chete anotarisana mamwe kupokanidzana uye zvinopikisana muna Berkeley mapepa, sezvo kutaurwa dzinonetsa akataurwa vazivi vakawanda.

Continental uye muuzivi Berkeley

Berkeley akasvika pamhedziso nezvokuvapo kwaMwari, izvo chete unobereka zvaanoda mupfungwa zvevanhu mweya. Maererano naye, murume haana simba pamusoro manzwiro ako, kunyange kana zvichiita sokuti nzira. Pashure pezvose, kana munhu anozarura maziso ake uye anoona chiedza - hazvina hakunei zvaanoda, kana anonzwa shiri - ichi hakusi kuda kwake. Haangagoni kusarudza pakati "chiratidzo" uye "kwete nokuona", izvo zvinoreva kuti pane imwe kuda, wakakwirira sandara, iyo inobereka manzwiro uye nezvekufadza ari munhu.

Kudzidza mabasa akanyora Dzhordzh Berkli, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakasvika pakugumisa (izvo, zvisinei, haana kunosimbiswa zvakakwana, asi vane kodzero iripo) kuti maonero muzivi vari yakaumbwa pachishandiswa dzidziso Evil. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kufunga D. Berkley Irish Cartesian, achiramba aripo empiricism mukudzidzisa kwake. Sezvo 1977 kuIreland magazini Bulletin mukukudza muzivi kukuru.

Historical nzvimbo zvoruzivo

Kudzidzisa kuti akasiya Dzhordzh Berkli, Biography anofunga - ichi zvose zviri zvikuru uye zvinokosha kuti nhoroondo kukura uzivi. Pfungwa yake akapa kurudziro itsva, mutsva zononoka okukura yakananga pfungwa youzivi. Schopenhauer anoona zvemashoko Berkeley haufi uye rinomuti baba idealism. Thomas Reid zvakare kare pasi pokudzora uzivi yakaparidzwa Dzhordzh Berkli. Pfungwa chikuru muzivi kudzidza chizvarwa anopfuura rimwe nevafungi. Zvisinei, vakawanda vavo, kusanganisira Thomas Reid, akatanga kumutsoropodza.

Berkeley dzidziso akabatanidza mabhuku pauzivi somunhu empirical maonero. Kunyange rudzi vazivi achapiwa chaizvo dzidziso yake uye kutora kukudziridza kana hazviiti. Inonyanya kufarirwa maonero ake unowanikwa muPoland, asiwo vazhinji necheSalvic nyika, uzivi yake yakapiwa uye akatora nzvimbo akafanira pakati akafanana mabasa.