Dzinza rako. mutemo Mendel wokutanga

Monk pamusoro Czech mavambo, Gregor Mendel, mumakore 1856-1866 dzaiitisa kuedza, vakazochinja vakava kuzivikanwa. Somugumisiro tsvakurudzo ake wakaberekerwa sainzi itsva - genetics. Ruchikosha kwayo budiriro akatanga mutemo Mendel. The pizi akasarudzwa sezvo bindu zvikabva. Izvi zvakakonzerwa pamberi mhando zhinji ine musiyano wakajeka pakati pane zvimwe zvikonzero. Uyezve, zvirimwa izvi zviri nyore kukura uye hybridize. Somugumisiro nokungwarira yekuronga kuedza kudimburira kwavo kuita, uyewo vakawanda yakavimbika Statistical Data avapo rabhoritari kuedza. Zvakaguma wokutanga kuzarura mutemo Mendel wokutanga, uye ipapo inotevera.

Musimboti kuedza

Saka, zvose zvakawanda sei Mutemo Mendel First wakavhurwa. Pakutanga pakudzidza dzaisarudzwa miriwo kuva vakasiyana kusiyana chipi peya zviratidzo: somuenzaniso, urongwa maruva - apical kana axillary. Kukura mumwe mhando mune zvizvarwa shoma, Mendel akacherechedza suitability kwavo okushandisa experimental zvinangwa. The kuedza kwaisanganisira kuyambuka nokutamisa mukume mumwe chirimwa chimwe. Nhungamiro experimental zvabuda kunge vakawana Vongai nokungwarira pakuchengetwa zvinoverengeka zvokungwarira. Kunyanya, Stamens kubva maruva kuti mukume, vakabva akabvisa, vanopfeka anokosha nguwani mu maruva kudzivisa kuchinjwa mukume nemamwe zvirimwa.

The experimental zvabuda

Kubva inounganidzwa vakaberekwa mbeu dzose nguva anosima pamwe axillary maruva. Nyaya iyi yava kuzivikanwa. Kuvapo Maruva apical akabatwa somunhu recessive unhu. Mushure Zvakaitika chizvarwa rokutanga miti vakanga vasara kuti kuzvidzora pollination. The zvichiguma VaNefirimu vakanga chikamu axillary nemaruva apical. Under nokufungidzira kuti Mendel, wechipiri mhando aivapo muchizvarwa yokutanga. Zvisinei, mashoko okuti unhu ichi yakanga isina kukwana. Ndiko akaratidzwa muchimiro yakavanzwa. In kudzidza kuedza kwakadaro nevamwe zviratidzo ungatakurwa, anenge matatu kumativi VaNefirimu vane unhu, yakabuda muchizvarwa yokutanga. The mugove wechina mwana panguva 2nd mhuri hwokurara miti yakanga ehupfumi asina kuzivikanwa muna 1st. Chii chakanga zvakawanda chinhu kuedza, zvikuru nemhaka pedyo nhamba 3: 1. Murayiro Mendel yokutanga kwakatangwa muzvidzidzo izvi.

zvakawanikwa

Kudzidza zvechadenga vayambuka miti - the vabereki ivhu chipo maviri akafanana chiratidzo - VaNefirimu vakawana maererano mumwe enhaka zvinhu. The ehupfumi yedzinza wokutanga wevana hadzina akabatanidzwa, uye kuramba munhu akazvimiririra. Somugumisiro, tsvakurudzo vakaungana mashoko akavimbika kune mutemo Mendel yokutanga wakasuduruka. Pfungwa wayo sezvinotevera: "Zviratidzo dzakatemerwa kubva muviri peya yomunyika zvinhu (magene). Muchizvarwa yechipiri, yaunganidzwa monohybrid kuyambuka, anenge kota vana vane recessive unhu ". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti First uye Second Mutemo Mendel haana pakutanga unogashirwa masayendisiti. Gare gare mubasa mamwe masayendisiti, urongwa uhwu nekusimba zvakare. Somugumisiro, kutsvakurudza itsva yave akaumba mashoko okutodza dzidziso yedzinza.