Etching - zviri magadzirirwo? mhando etching

Etching - imwe mhando ounyanzvi rinodhindira, kudhinda mufananidzo kubva chokupedzisira cliche. Classical achiita zvokutemera riri rakadhindwazve kubva huni, mapurasitiki (linoleum) kana acrylic zvinhu, akatema kuburikidza aricheke muchimiro chipi muenzaniso. Kuwanda pazvidhindo iyi ishoma. Etching - a Chipuranga, riri kugadzirwa muchishandisa chaiyo rwokugadzira. At mwoyo etching anodhinda - simbi yairema, mhangura, simbi kana zinc.

etching

Metal ndiro, billet Cliche kupatsanurwa mishonga acidic. Nokuti simbi inoshandiswa nitric acid, mhangura - chloro reactant.

The simbi bwendefa yakakodzera saizi iri kukwenenzverwa chipenye, degreased uye yakafukidzwa rinokosha asidhi nemishonga lacquer. Kana dzaomeswa, kuti workpiece hwakarongwa, izvo zvinogona mafungu uye zvinoda paya rework. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mufananidzo inogona apera zvachose. Zvose zvinoenderana zvaunofarira zviri tenzi. vemifananidzo vakawanda anodiwa yakanaka-Tuning ane Cliche, asi vamwe vanodavira kuti iwe wechokwadi hakudi kuti kunogadzirisika. Zvisinei, nzira hakusi kukosha, asi yokupedzisira mugumisiro. Zvisinei, etching - unyanzvi chaihwo kuti zvinoda unyanzvi hukuru zvose kugadzirira uye panguva kugadzirira zvakananga Prints.

Processing redunhu

Pashure pakudhinda pamusoro tenzi varara ndikamumara inopinza tsono matete zvose pemitsara, vachibvisa pamwe asidhi nemishonga unhani iri kutsvakwa nzvimbo. Saka simbi inofambidzana pachena kuti iripo reagent chete panguva idzodzo pfungwa apo zvakakodzera kuti rusesi. Agadzirira proshtrihovannaya preform iri achinyatsotaurira acid, uye etching kwacho kunotanga. Bath pamwe mushonga anofanira vakachengetwa akafukidzwa kudzivirira richierera. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chokwadi kuti fefetedza mukamuri, saka mhepo haina dzichiitika muchetura asidhi chiutsi.

mushonga zvinhu

Etchings - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa kuti chinoda zvimwe zvinhu kuitira yakachengeteka the artist. Kurega anodzivirira matanho haabvumirwi. Chemical zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumba machine kuti esimbi workpieces nokuda etching, kune ngozi zvakakwana, avo Migumisiro pamusoro womunhu muviri vashaye zvachose, kana kuti kungoderedzwa. Mushure etching Finished ikanyanya wakagezeswa mvura inoyerera, uye pamwe pacho tichibvisa pendi residues.

Zvadaro, substrate rinoshandisirwa ingi kwakazara yose rusesi. Zvakawandisa ingi rinobviswa pechiso tampon. Zvadaro etching bhodhi rinodhindira dziri nokutsikirira. Mapepa aimanikidzwa mujinga kufurirwa rupawo akatendeuka inopinza uye musiyano. Saka etching unyanzvi kunoita kuti pave vanodhirowa chero kunzwisisa; thinnest mitsetse, curls, Dots uye anokwenya kutarira zvikuru organically. Kana uwandu rinodhindira vemakumi navamazana, kuti Cliche iri zvishoma vakadzima uye anorasikirwa musiyano. Muchiitiko ichi zvakakodzera nguva nenguva dzifambirane bhodhi, zvakare nechifukidzo pamwe lacquer, uye asidhi-etching kudzamisa mufananidzo.

kudhinda siyana

The simbi yairema kupatsanurwa zvakakodzera, zvakare yapfuura pickling muitiro, vanongogona kushandiswa kanoverengeka. ndiro imwe neimwe ari kudhindwa ndiro, iyo akaita etching rinodhindira. Kazhinji, izvi mufananidzo hwokudhirowa. Achiita zvokutemera etching ichaongororwa rimwe zvinofadza zvikuru siyana art. It yakazokudziridzwa mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi16.

kubudirira okusika

Muna 1515 rikabuda Nzira kuti etching yakakurumbira painter Albrecht Dürer, ake mapuranga simbi etching kuedza vaiva mavambo enguva yakaisvonaka achiita zvokutemera unyanzvi. Dürer akabatana kusikwa chaiwo sokunyorwa etchings, unyanzvi izvi maviri refu aiva noenderana ukoshi mubasa rake.

Italian painter Parmigianino, risingaenzaniswi tenzi etchings, akavamutsira kuti chinzvimbo unyanzvi kwechokwadi. Gare gare, chechi yeDutch painter Rembrandt aita zvifananidzo yakasiyana nedzimwe kutamba chiedza uye mumvuri, mukuwedzera, akatanga tsika apiwa etching, waiita kumboitika musvine udzamu.

aquatint

Muna 1765, kuti painter French Jean-Baptiste Leprens akawana nzira itsva hwokubereka inzwi rakapfava kwazvo, nowenyika Watercolour. The zvemichina unonzi "aquatint". Nokuti mufananidzo wekutanga chinopinda gandiwa Kutamiswa kubva tracings nzira nakalyvaniya ipapo akafukidzwa ikanyanya murima munzvimbo rosin. Board pakutsamwisana madota ikanyauka uye akafukidza pechiso granular rukoko. Bright nharaunda vakanga kupatsanurwa nenzira inozivikanwa. Aquatint kazhinji ikashandiswa pamwe ruvara yokudhinda, tenzi akapfuura unyanzvi ichi runoonekwa kuna Francisco Goya, mumwe zvakanakisisa-Etchers vemifananidzo munhau.

Zhak Kallo

Sezvo etching - iri unyanzvi usingaoneki, zvakanakisisa vemifananidzo ari 16-18th emakore kuedza kuratidza vari Genre yakaoma. Zvisinei, kubudirira Akaperekedzwa chete kupfuura unyanzvi. Mumwe yakakurumbira vatenzi ose etching yokutanga remakore rechi17 rakanga Artist French Zhak Kallo. The Artist aishanda hwakaoma realism Style, mabasa ake yakakurumbira vakawanda chikamu munhevedzano "kutyisa Hondo", uye tenzi anonyatsodedemura kuti etching kunzi "Hung."

mhando etching

Muzana remakore rechi17 achiita zvokutemera unyanzvi vakabudirira kushandiswa iconography. Mumiririri chikoro Flemish pakati painting, yokudhirowa Anthony Van Deyk, akava etcher akanaka, anoita nenhamba matsvene. etching unyanzvi kunoita kuti andobata kupfuura namano nuances ose iconic mifananidzo.

Rumwe rudzi aiva anonzi kubereka etching. It vakanga vava muparidzi. Zvinenge zvose mifananidzo iri mumabhuku anobudiswa panguva yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18, yakanga yagadzirwa magadzirirwo ose etching. This Mufananidzo Style ari akanakisisa wakanyatsokodzera kuti mabhuku mabasa. Figures vakawana mavara akapfuura zvakanaka chaizvo nyaya. Zvazviri etching purogiramu yakanga iripo, panongova chipa kuwirirana, uye nomufananidzo unhu anoramba ari mukuru pamwero.

Mezzotint - zvikuru nguva-pakuzadza mhando, asi inoshanda chaizvo. Zvinonzi inobva kushandiswa pasi nokuda "graining" pechiso Cliche. The duku mukudzokera kupa roughness kuti anodhinda rinopa wakatsetseka kuchinja kubva nechiedza pamumvuri. Etchings akaita nenzira mezzotint siyana velvety wakapfuma uye maketeni.

The "yepakutanga" maonero - zvikuru unyanzvi mifananidzo kuti zvave chete vatenzi dzakakurumbira. Vemifananidzo zhinji, etching rava mhando nzira yokubudisa, kuburikidza zvavanouya vanokwanisa zvakazara pakuziva kwavo zvinangwa okusika. Chikuru wamabwe ramakore rechi18 anonzi rokuItari mapurani Giovanni Piranesi, ane munyori mifananidzo yakawanda vaRoma cityscapes uye Antiques. vemifananidzo No zvishoma yakakurumbira nguva vaiva etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Makamboona.

kuberekwazve

Muzana remakore rechi19 unyanzvi etching yakapararawo, zvakaitika pasi pokudzora nechitarisiko zvokudhinda michina iri mavara nenzira. Zvisinei, pakupera kwezana remakore vemifananidzo engravers akataurazve parizvino. New etchings vakanga vasisiri kumboona somufananidzo kuti bhuku edition, vava mabasa dzakazara ounyanzvi, mifananidzo nezvemaitiro chati. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, vakanga akasvika zhinji French Painters akadai Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro nevamwe. Iye specialized ari Nzira pamusoro etching uye Parisian Impressionist rokupenda Édouard Manet. Pakati vemifananidzo Russian runyoro unyanzvi nyanzvi Valentin Serov uye Ivan Shishkin. American etcher aiva Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn muGermany pamusoro sokunyorwa vakashanda Adolf Mentsel.