Foliated lichens: rondedzero, unhu, mamiriro uye zvinhu

Lichens vari symbiotic boka notumwe, girini algae uye cyanobacteria. The zita rinobva zvakafanana. zvipenyu kuti chitarisiko chavo nevamwe zvirwere ganda, uye anoshandura kubva muchiLatin sezvo "shingles."

Description symbiotes

Vanoparadzira munyika, uye unogona kukura zvakafanana zvakanaka pachando matombo nomunzvimbo dzine uye inopisa mumarenje. ruvara kwavo kunogona siyana chaizvo mavara: tsvuku, yero, chena, zvitema, mashava, dema. The mashandiro pamusoro inotungamirwa lichens haina aizvinzwisisa. Asi kururama tinogona kutaura kuti inotungamirwa yavo kukanganiswa nechiedza chezuva. Pane crustose, rakapetana uye foliated lichens. Thallus kutanga sezvinoita goko, vanoomerera substrate. Vane diki (2-3 cm), batanidza nemumwe kukura pamusoro pemvura muti hunde dzacho, matombo kuti aumbe conglomerates aine dhayamita wezviuru masendimita. Rakapetana - zvimwe yepamusoro zvipenyu kukura vertically, uye anogona kusvika mamita anoverengeka kureba. Asi munyaya ino, tichakurukura wechipiri kwemarudzi ezvinhu zvipenyu, chitarisiko uye nemamiriro foliated lichens chakatodzana kwavo chimiro mashizha emiti.

Ndezvipi STRUCTURAL zvinhu zvakasikwa

Thallus kana thallus - zviri chikamu chete-celled kana zvipuka zvine masero akawanda notumwe, mosses uye lichens. Kana tikaenzanisa pamwe zvinomera, kwavari ndiko mutema bazi ravo duku. The thallus kana kungava mashizha rakapetana.

GIFA - filamentary idzodzo, akafanana dandemutande web. Zviri multi-Musimboti uye multi-cellular. Uye aida kuti Absorção de Água nezvinovaka muviri, mvura uye yakaita dandemutande inogona kushandiswa uchibata vamwe zvipenyu (semuenzaniso, notumwe zvikara).

Substrate - pemvura kuti iyo chinhu unesungano. Ndiye zvakare maberekero pasi zvimwe zvinomera uye lichens.

Kutarisika foliated lichens

The thallus vane woita chimiro, mashizha serin'i uye ndiro-zvakaumbwa, dzimwe nguva zvinosanganisira mumwe kana akawanda nhengo. A hyphae kukura pamusoro micheto kana akatevedza nharaunda yacho denderedzwa. Foliose lichens vane chimiro sloevidnoy hwendefa iri substrate chinjikira nenzira. Yakarurama thallus chimiro kunoenderana pechiso substrate. Chii chinoita kuti nemazvo, kuti Bole kumativi taitsvaka akafanana lichen.

It wanamatira nechepasi payo tichibatsirwa gobvu pfupi hunde, riri pakati thallus. Ayakashino ndiro dhayamita ndisina zvakawanda 20-30 masendimita ari mukobvu chaizvo uye Rakaunyana. Mumvuri rinogona anosiyana kubva yerima manyoro kana vhudzi kuti shava uye dema. Ivo dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi foliated lichens zvishoma kupfuura dzimwe mhando. Uyewo, ivo refu. Vamwe webwe makore anopfuura chiuru. Pane rakananga ukama pakati substrate uye ya kutadza kufamba lichen upenyu.

mamiriro

Foliated lichens thallus vane nhanho mbiri, nokuda dorsovertralnym kwavo mamiriro. Ndiko, vane kumusoro uye pasi penyika. Yokumusoro Chikamu ine kana kumeso, dzimwe nguva yakafukidzwa protuberances, tubercles uye cilia warthogs. Pasi pane miviri, naro lichen akabatanidzwa kuti substrate. Maererano mamiriro, kunogonawo kumeso kana mafungu. zvikamu Vose havana chete chimiro asiwo ruvara zvikuru.

Pasi maikorosikopu, zvakajeka distinguishable mana makuru anatomical akaturikidzana:

• yokumusoro mhou;
• matope;
• moyo;
• dzikisa mhou.

Foliated lichens vari-siyana dzakabatana pemvura substrate uye nyore vakaparadzaniswa pairi. Asi pakati thallus uye chawo anopa airbag. It zvinoita okisijeni chikamu lichen, kuita gasi Exchange, uye zvinobatsira kuti ikwanise kuwanika uye chengetedzo kuti unyoro. Hyphae vari kurerekera tinonyanya organelles - rhizoid.

Thallus chinyorwa chete, zvino yava monofilament, kana akaturikidzana anoverengeka anonzi polifilnym. Ekupedzisira havana makumbo, kwavaiwanzogara kwakadzika midzi pemvura, saka ivo Bole Wakabatisisa substrate. Havasi kutya mhepo, madutu uye mamwe asina kunaka ekunze. Thallus inogona dissected migove, akagura panguva micheto, rakakamurwa lobes. Dzimwe nechitarisiko lichen chakafanana kunzwisisa dandemutande kuti resi jira.

waridza

Foliated lichens kukura munzvimbo yakawanda kunayisa Falls. Vanogona nyore kuwanikwa ose kondinendi, kusanganisira Antarctica, kunyange kuchitonhora. Vanogona kuiswa pachena matombo uye mabwe, pamusoro hunde dzacho pamiti, chikwindi akafukidzwa stumps ose, pamusoro akare zvivako zvezvivako. Vanokura mumigwagwa, iri marshes, dondo micheto uye akaoma Mafuro. Zvikurukuru, avo nzvimbo uye nemukutambudzika nokuda kusarudza substrate. Kana kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza lichens kazhinji kushandura ruvara pedyo kwasviba uye pfumbu. Pasi zvinenge kukura kunyanya kwazvo, kufukidza guru nzvimbo munyika. Izvi zvinosanganisira poro chikwindi (cladonia dondo).

Types foliated lichens

Pasi pose, akatambanudza pamusoro 25 zviuru. Lichens. Kana iwe nekuparadzanisa zvinenge pamusoro substrate uko vanosarudza kubatanidzwa, kunogona:

• Of Ground - riri pavhu kana jecha (semuenzaniso, mashava Parmelee, hypogymnia nephroma, Solorina).
• Epilithic - kurerekera mabwe, matombo (Girofora, collema, Ksantor, Tsetrariya).
• Epiphytic - dzichikura pamiti, zvikurukuru pamusoro mashizha madzinde (Parmelee, Fistsiya, Tsetrariya, Lobar, Candelaria).
• Epiksilnye - riri pamusoro pemiti akafa, stumps pasina nemakwati, masvingo muzvivako vekare (hypogymnia, parmeliopsis, Ksantor).

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chete genus zvingasanganisira mhando foliated thalli, uye pamwe rakapetana, kana zvenguva siyana.

lichen Parmelee

Maererano ayo womukati Murongerwo zvikuru zvakafanana girini alga. pamusoro wayo kungava tsvuku, mashava pamwe kuvapo yakasvibirira, vatema uye chena inclusions. Rhode Parmelee - foliose lichen, izvo zvinosanganisira anenge 90 marudzi, chete munharaunda Russia, akacherera munzvimbo huru kumativi thallium. mashizha ayo ave zvose rakatetepa uye vakwanise. Inokura zvakafanana zvakanaka hunde dzacho miti matombo, izvozvo zvinoenderana kune vakasvibiswa dzomumaguta ekunze. Chimiro vapenyu ichi muviri ndiko saka siyana inobvumirana chokwadi kuti lichens dzinoiswa chete chitarisiko hakusi nguva dzose here. MuHondo Yenyika II, guruva rinopfumburwa kubva Parmelee rakashandiswa kumisa ropa nemaronda. Uyewo, zviri kuwedzera upfu, kuidzivirira kubva tupukanana uye vawedzere pasherufu upenyu.

Foliated lichens, vane mazita kusadzokera chete nemamiriro chimiro, asiwo Aura pokugara, substrate maonero vari siyana chaizvo. Vakawanda vavo vari kushandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya. Vane zvekudya makuru uye yemombe. Recently upfu anoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo chikafu yokuvirisa vanoumba Pharmaceuticals. Tsetrarii Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa zvaAtemisi Anti manyoka, kuti inotokonya zvirwere, normalizes ari zvomudumbu turakiti, uye ndicho chikamu zvinodhaka zvakawanda antiviral.