Geomorphology - chii kuti sayenzi? Zvigadziko uye zvinhu geomorphology

Maizviziva here kuti vanodzidza geomorphology? Kubva zita raro, unogona fembera nayo. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvigoni vakaturikira vachiti kubva hwakadzama tsananguro. Zvichakadaro geomorphology - sayenzi matangiro, mamiriro, uye nesimba nhoroondo akararama redu pevhu kwakaita nzvimbo yacho. Saka, chinangwa kudzidza mairi - zvokuyamura. Ndizvo geomorphology. The tsanangudzo yakapiwa pamusoro, isu zvicharatidza muudzame munyaya ino.

Chii zororo?

Tinotsanangura anokosha pfungwa. The zororo, iro inodzidza geomorphology, iyo raora vose panyika roughness, zvakasiyana zera, mavambo, saizi, chimiro uye kugadzira nyaya. Tinogona kutaura kuti kunzwisisa uku siyana, imwe Geological chimiro, kupesvedzera kune hydrosphere, mhepo uye dzomunyika mauto redu. The kudzidza rokuyamura saka hazviiti, kana munhu ane pfungwa yakajeka pamusoro zvivako uye anoumba yamatombo kuti zvinoita. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva kwemasayendisiti chokuita nayo.

goko

Zivo pasi goko kunonyanya kukosha kunzwisisa kuti kudzidza geomorphology. Uye nezvazvo. The goko (kureva rokumusoro chayo, nokuumba chivezwa) ari dzichichinja. Her was mauto kuti zvinokonzerwa kuyerera ari hydrosphere uye mhepo kwendangariro. goko The nyika kunobva endogenous (zvakadzama) pezvakaitwa kuitika mukudzika redu. kuchinja Vazhinji vakawana zororo. Vanouya pasi pokudzora azvaiitwa zvose. Chezvakanaka goko pasi? It chakaumbwa metamorphic, sedimentary uye igneous matombo. Ivo vanoita zvakasiyana-siyana munyika uye zvimwewo mauto kuita pamusoro pavo.

zvokuyamura zvinhu

Dead Organic nyaya uye zvipenyu vane zvikuru muupenyu okuyamura features, yawo inotungamirwa. Impact Iri zvose zvakananga, paaisika chaiyo biogenic Geological miviri kana nzira zororo, uye zvisina kunanga kana kuchinja makemikari uye zvivako wamatombo chaiko mvura uye mhepo Nyika anoshongwa. Ona kuti vaviri zvakazorodza yepasi pacharo, ndiyo dzakaunganidzwa hukawanika kuti kunokosha neyemitenusirwa, anenge chinjikira, zvinokanganisawo geomorphological kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, muna yakaderera-nhema pamapani uye mumakomo zvaitika munzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

hypsometry ruyamuro

We anosuma mumwe pfungwa - hypsometry zvokuyamura. Nzvimbo Iri akafanorongerwa siyana panyika pakureva wegungwa. Zvinoitawo inokanganisa Relief inotungamirwa, kazhinji zvichiita pezvakaitwa asingagoni iyerere mumwe hypsometric chechetere. Heuno muenzaniso. Mazizaya pasi ano okunze zvingaitika mune ichinaya, dzinopisa uye unozvidzora zvikamu chete marefu. A dzinoverengeka pezvakaitwa iri vakachengeta chete pazasi penyanza uye rakadzika gungwa nembiya.

Shoko rokuti "kusunungurwa" zvinogona kutaurwa maererano chii chave akati. Relief - geomorphology chinhu dzokudzidza mubatanidzwa vose geometric Zvekare zvimiro zvemhashu zvakaita hukawanika ayo inoumbwa kubata pamwe zvipenyu goko, mhepo uye mvura panyika anoshongwa.

rusununguko-nokuumba pezvakaitwa

Sezvo goko rinobatanidzwa kudyidzana ichi, uye tinotaura pamusoro hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka waro pamusoro ndiro kudzidza kuzorodzwa Zvakaoma kufungidzira pasina zivo womukati nemamiriro siyana kuti anoumba nayo. Zororo-nokuumba pezvakaitwa ndivo akasiyana uye kunzwisisa nekutaurirana. Zvisinei, havana nguva dzose raisanganisira simba regiravhiti repasi, sezvo mumwe mukuru zvinoriumba. Naizvozvo, pose mafungiro ari mumwe zvainyanya kukosha mune geomorphology rokuyamura. Uyewo, "akaisa" uye kusimba ari kuratidzwa siyana kwokunze vamiririri, simba regiravhiti kwePasi akatsunga hypsometry zvokuyamura.

geomorphology chokuita sayenzi kunze nenzvimbo kutenderera

Saka, rusununguko - icho chibereko Geological kukura, asi panguva imwe chete uye nenzvimbo chezvinonhuwira kwenzvimbo. Kwakadaro nzvimbo chinhu tiri kufarira zvesayenzi anotaura kudiwa ayo pedyo ukama matavi akadaro zivo sezvo panyama jogirafi uye zvemaumbirwo. Geomorphology Zvisinei, haasi chete chokuita nazvo. Uye nokukurumidza muchaziva sei.

Sezvatakamboreva, geomorphology - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza mamiriro enzvimbo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ane nzvimbo unokosha nemamiriro Earth. Chokwadi chokuti rokuyamura zvose inowanikwa uye pose nekuita zvemabhomba edu nyika: kune hydrosphere, mhepo, lithosphere, uye biosphere. Panguva iyoyo ndiko - a chinoumba of nenzvimbo kwezvakatipoteredza. Somugumisiro, kufadza kudzidza zvibereko zvinogona chete kana tichifunga pavanoparidza nevamwe zvinoumba nzvimbo yomugariro kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo geomorphology - sayenzi kuti ane zvikuru ukama hwepedyo chaiko jogirafi, uyewo sayenzi nemamwe, kunze nenzvimbo kutenderera.

nhoroondo geomorphology

Chimwe maitiro chinhu chacho - munhau. Geomorphology - sayenzi rinoedza Pakusarudza maitikiro kwakaitika musi Earth, izvo zvakazoita kuti chidzoke yazvino nakuyenda. ruzivo rwake sayenzi iyi inoshandisa nebudiriro zvemaumbirwo, jogirafi, uye nezvimwe anoranga zhinji chokuita dzinongoitika uye nhoroondo zvinogara. Zvikurukuru sezvo Pasi - nyika, geomorphology anoreva sayenzi zvakadai nezvenyeredzi uye cosmogony. Munhau wehurumende, akafanana, maumbirwo nyaya, izvo zvinobatanidzwa pakugadzirwa siyana kuzorodzwa, iye anoshandisa nebudiriro kemisitiri uye wefizikisi.

mhando geomorphology

Geomorphology zvino zvikuru rakakura nesayenzi. Rakakamurwa nzvimbo ruzivo, maindasitiri, tsvakurudzo nzvimbo, chikamu. Geomorphology ane nhamba kutsvakurudza nzira. sainzi ichi anogadziriswa zvose Zvakarurama uye dzinokosha matambudziko.

All kusiyana mabasa yesayenzi zvakafanana ndechokuti vose geomorphology vari kudzidza kwenzvimbo, ayo zera, mavambo, mhindumupindu, yakawiriranwa simba uye ukama nevamwe zvinhu uye zvinhu endogenous uye exogenous hunhu Nyika.

The Mhando geomorphology zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• mukuru geomorphology;
• nhoroondo (paleogeomorphology);
• simba;
• yemapuraneti;
• zvenharaunda;
• munda;
• akarongeka;
• experimental;
• kure;
• geomorphological Mapping;
• geomorphology pakati pasi nyanza nemakungwa
• Nyika geomorphology.

Zvesayenzi ichi kwakasimbiswa chaiyo chikamu, izvo inodzidza Relief inotungamirwa vari kudyidzana dzaro okunze. Chikamu ichi anonzi okunze geomorphology. Sculptural zororo sezvo masayendisiti akawana, ane vaakasarudza okunze zvikamu.

The hunoshanda divi geomorphology

Chinangwa sayenzi iyi rinoshanda ndechokuti kuziva mitemo dzakabudirira zororo, uye pamusoro maererano ichi kushandisa tsika mitemo chakaziviswa.

Geomorphology inodiwa mumunda hydraulic okugadzira zvivako uye reclamation. Construction mu dzisinganayi nharaunda kudiridza yaNire, uye wetlands - abudise Network kunoda Kunyatsodzidza zvokuyamura. mamiriro ayo vanofanirawo kuziva kana rokuvaka hydropower nenhepfenyuro mumakomo uye pamapani. Kusika kutaurirana mitsetse uye mugwagwa kuvakwa vari kunze achitsigirwa nesayenzi ichi.

kubudirira kwayo zvinoshandiswa kuronga makuru-pamwero kumapurazi, mumaguta uye maguta. Heuno muenzaniso. City Divnogorsk ari pamateru saka vasanaiwa nemvura inoyerera kupinda Yenisei River, uye yakatenuka unoomesa nokukurumidza. Geomorphological mepu rinoshandiswa kuronga-siyana nzvimbo. Zvinoratidza zano pamusoro kwakaita nzvimbo yacho akauya zvinoriumba, asi spatial urongwa uye hunhu siyana ayo. Zvichienderana kwakaita nzvimbo yacho ndiyo nzvimbo yokugara nzvimbo, wezvokutengeserana uye maindasitiri mabhizimisi, nhungamiro mikuru. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti ndeyokudzidza panguva mudziyo mvura nerubatsiro guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye misha.

Geological, topographical, botanical, ivhu Ongororo kunotanga kudzidza mamiriro enzvimbo. Hydrogeological uye hydrological kuongorora zviri kuitwawo kumutsigira.

Geomorphology chinoita basa rinokosha mune kwokudzivirira sangano wehurumende. Vatungamiri marudzi akasiyana uye nguva yagara kutarisirwa hikes, kufungisisa peculiarities ari mamiriro enzvimbo. Sayenzi yemazuva uto Rinovaudzawo zvakakodzera kutarisirwa.

Havafaniri chete kuziva huripo mhando nhasi uye nzira zororo, asi kutarisira zvichida kuchinja redu pevhu mune ramangwana pasi pokudzora pezvakaitwa siyana. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya Somuenzaniso, paivakwa pamusoro shaky pasi, kana mukuru-kuwedzera zvivako pakuvaka gungwa zvengarava.

Geomorphology uye chicherwa ubanguranyika

The kuongorora nhoroondo uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho - zvinobudirira nzira kuwana zvakasiyana-siyana zviwanikwa. Saka, zvinhu zvinoumba geomorphology munharaunda iyi dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko alluvial deposits zviri ngoda, goridhe uye nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinokosha anowanzoshandurwa chokuita yekare uye ano rwizi network, sezvo rwizi runoyerera kwenguva refu kwakakanganisa goho goridhe matombo uye inounganidzwa mune alluvial tenuka inorema zvicherwa. Uyezve, simbi mhangura uye bauxite kazhinji chaizvo pamusoro yekare pamusoro kunangiswa. The deposits pamusoro marasha, gasi uye mafuta anowanzoshandurwa dzakapfigirwa zvimwe hurongwa tectonic. zvivako izvi munyika dzakawanda zvinoratidzwa chimiro chenyika yedu, saka deposits zvicherwa izvi kunobatsira kuziva Kuongororwa zororo.

Key zvinhu kubva munhoroondo geomorphology

Zvakazorodza panyika - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ezvinhu yemabasa evanhu, kuvapo kwayo chaizvo. Information nezvake, Chokwadi, vaunganidza kubvira mangwanani nzendo chidzoke uye kuvandudzika vanhu. Zvisinei, pfungwa "geomorphology" akazviratidza kwete kamwechete. Sezvo chirango nesayenzi, akatanga kutora chimiro chete mukupera rechi18 - kwezana remakore rechi19. Zvinonzi kufanana zvemaumbirwo, saka akatanga kuva pashure pacho. Panguva ino yokutanga basa ezvinhu okukura uye kwaita pepasi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

Muna 1763 sokuti basa "Pamusoro germinales the Earth 'M. V. Lomonosova (mufananidzo iye anopiwa pamusoro). Mairi, akatanga akataura kuti kusunungurwa anokonzerwa kukurukurirana-siyana exogenous uye endogenous masimba. Pfungwa iyi chiri pamwoyo nhasi uye geomorphological nesayenzi.

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, pane mabasa Pavlov, Foam, Richthofen, umo pfungwa nemamiriro uye kwakabva panyika kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, akaunganidza vamutangira, systematized, uye kuedza patsanura nayo. With mazita B. Foam, vaongorori German, uye B. Davis, musayendisiti American, chokuita pakuonekwa yokutanga obschegeomorfologicheskih pfungwa kusarudzwa sayenzi iyi yakazvimirira bazi ruzivo.

Geomorphology nhasi

Mumakore achangopfuura, zvose munyika yedu uye muWestern Europe, yakawanda hanya inobhadharwa kukura geomorphology. Kudivi rimwe, vaongorori kuteerera Links pakati Geological marongerwo uye kuzorodzwa chitarisiko (vari kudzidza STRUCTURAL geomorphology), uye kune rimwe, vanongofarira exogenous geomorphological pezvakaitwa (simba uye okunze geomorphology). Paleogeomorphology, kureva adzidze yekare nomunzvimbo dzine, anonziwo pachena. Izvi Chokwadi, chete huru mirayiridzo waro pakuzadzisa.

Zvino munoziva kuti vanodzidza sayenzi geomorphology, dzinokosha pfungwa chokuita nacho, mirayiridzo kare uye kukura, takaziviswawo akaongororwa. Akataurawo kuti zvinokosha chaizvo zvose kubva yokungotaura uye anobatsira achitandadza maonero. Zvinokosha geomorphology, munyaya ino, tine tariro, vachava dzinobatsira.