Fuma ari remagineti. remagineti kudyidzana pamwe nenhumbi

Vangani hazvitaurwi mananara uye unsolved zvakavanzika kuvanzira redu! Asi vagari Pasi akataura kubva remakore kudzidza mitemo, kuedza, kugadzira, vafunga uye kushandisa kwavo zvigadzirwa. Zvakavanzika pezvakasikwa uye zvakasikwa nguva dzose twakawandawanda vanhu, kungoita pavo kuedza zvose itsva kutsvaka chokwadi uye ubatsirwe. Mumwe zvakavandika izvi ndiwo maitiro ane fuma iri remagineti.

Yokutanga rinobva zvaanorumbidza

Maererano nengano, mufudzi wekare ainzi Magnus kamwe vakaona kuti tsvimbo rake rakabayirwa kurutivi simbi paruware. Iye (dombo) uye ari yakatsaurirwa zvakawanikwa. Maererano neimwe pfungwa, shoko "magineti" mutauro wechiGiriki rinoreva "ibwe kubva Magnesia", pashure muguta Magnesia, apo minda rinobva kunge zvawanikwa. Kunyange emakore mashoma BC, Chinese wakacherechedza kuti vamwe matombo dzinoitwa pamwe nenzira kuti vanogona tenderera pachena, nguva tsaukirai imwe negwara.

Sei kambasi

The rokutanga compasses Kwairatidza pamusoro magnetite chipunu ane pfupi shamhu iyo inogona zvayaitenderera paguyo kumativi denderedzwa. Kwapera nguva, pashure akashandura chipunu, akamira, uye paro hwagara akanongedza kuchamhembe. Asi mauto aya chiduku kuti vanogona tenderera chete-siyana chaidzo nekambasi.

Papera vezvikepe vaisa rinobva tsono ari uswa uye kuiswa mbiya nemvura. Nouswa nguva dzose rinoratidza kutungamirirwa kuchamhembe - kumaodzanyemba. Chikonzero ichi, zvino vachiri unexplored Fani - munhu werudzii munda yakapoteredza Pasi, iro anokwanisa kubata zvinhu mairi, uye ona nenhungamiro yavo.

Magnetic bhora akapoteredza Earth

Pasi redu iri rinosvika dzakandipoteredza, iyo inoshandirwa rinobva mauto, zita raro - remagineti. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro kwakabva haisi yasimbiswa asi geophysics rinonyanya anobvumirana okuti pane remagineti nokuda Kuronga simbi chinoumba redu. The kutenderera Nyika kunoita kuti paumbwe yakanyungudutswa esimbi chinoumba kuramba aibuda kupomera yemagetsi, iyo kukonzera rinobva polya.Zemlya kumativi kwavari, saka kuita magineti hombe, izvo sei uye compasses.

Properties uye zvakaita magnets a

Magnets a, akadai avo vanoda vashongedze mufiriji kana kuchengeta katsamba mukicheni, kuva panzvimbo dzinonakidza ehupfumi. Maitiro zvinhu nenzira remagineti kunobva zvinhu kuti anyore izvi zvinhu. Munhu wose anoziva kuti magnets A vanoomerera simbi kana simbi chinhu. Uye nei izvi zvichiitika? magineti ose ane matanda maviri. Kana ukaita chinhu kuedza uye chengeta peya magnets a pedyo pedyo nepedyo, zvinoitika kuti rwokumusoro danda rimwe chinokwezva wausina - rwezasi - danda zvomumwe. Zvisinei, kana iwe dhipuroya chete danda magnets a, vacharamba nguva dzose dzinga mumwe. Maerekitironi, iyo inotenderera atomu nuclei vasingadi magetsi mutariri. The Rwizi mhosva nezvimedu kunobereka remagineti kuti anokotama guru zvishwe vakavapoteredza.

Somuenzaniso, kana mwenje uzere, remagetsi kunoita kuburikidza dzayo wiring, uye maerekitironi vanotama kubva atomu mumwe, uye kumativi wiring ichibudira simba remagineti. Saizvozvowo, simba remagineti richibva voltage yakakwirira waya. Electricity uye remagineti vari zvinoriumba maviri ave yemagetsi. Erekitironi nerimwe wokurarama kumativi ayo akabatana rwakaita nyika kuti Anovhura ayo muchadenga anovaka chiduku loop kuti Magetsi pave remagineti mune fuma yaro. Fuma ari remagineti vanoita zvakasiyana.

Sei simba remagineti kudyidzana pamwe nenhumbi

Somuenzaniso, pasi Zvakaitwa remagineti kunoitika pamusoro mapurasitiki zvinosanganisira vakasiyana remagineti nerimwe maatomu neutralize mumwe nekuti dzavo.Vakabva rinotungamirirwa kwakasiyana-siyana. Asi simbi maatomu vari akaronga vakadaro kuti mashoko acho anokwanisa kuitwa magnetized. Maatomu mavari aunganidzwa mumapoka uye dzinonzi rinobva nzvimbo. Mumwe zviduku inotongwa rinoumbwa mabhiriyoni nezvimedu nomoyo wavo rinobva minda, zviri zvakafanana negwara, uye zvinova pacharo dukuduku magineti. The simbi zvidimbu pachavo Domains achinongedza kwakasiyana-siyana, saka kubvisa mumwe, uye pasina dare risinganamatirani kuratidza rinobva ehupfumi. Kusika magineti nzvimbo zvose zvinofanira iri rimwe divi, ipapo nhindi simbi kuti magnetize uye akakwezva zvose simbi zvinhu zviri pedyo. How kuti simbi papi nzvimbo imwe chete kuti? Zvichitaurwa: runofanira kuisa chimedu redare remagineti. Lining mumwe pashure pomumwe, nzvimbo dziri muAtlantic mumunda negwara. Saka vachaita kukwezva maatomu dzimwe nzvimbo, kuwedzera kukura.

Nenguva isipi, vakawanda zvinhu izvi achasika mutsetse, uye chimedu simbi pachayo anova magineti kuchaita kukwezva inozviitira ose mbambo, chipikiri kana zvimwe simbi zvinhu zviri pedyo. Saka pane magnetization simba remagineti kwemashoko ari zvikurusa. Asi sezvo vanoti, nani kuona kamwe pane kunzwa kane zana. Hakuna kusara uye tiri kuongorora chinonakidza. Sei nechokwadi kutaura?

The remagineti uye magnetization zviri zvinhu zvinogona kunzi somuenzaniso mumba. Zvaringana kuti aite nyore ruzivo. Tora diki simbi chipikiri akachiisa mufiriji ane magineti. nzvimbo yake mumutsetse nokukurumidza, uye kwechinguva chipikiri ichava magineti, hwaishandiswa zvichava nyore kusimudza mbambo.

Kutsunga simba remagineti

Kudzidza remagineti iri kudzidzwa zviviri dzenzvimbo - makrotoki uye micro. Makrotokami ndivo akasika inofamba kuti mhosva macroscopic miviri. Microcurrent akadana dzenzvimbo nokutamira maerekitironi mu maatomu, mamorekuru uye ions. The remagineti ari mashoko kusika minda zviviri: ane kwokunze akasika makrotokami uye nechomukati - microcurrent aumba.

Most rinobva fuma

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti zvakasikwa kune magineti chaiyo - munhu chicherwa lodestone. Asi unorema mitumbi pamwe yayo remagineti, achiri wakasika artificially nemunhu. The hwakasimba ava ndivo dzinomirira chiwanikwa pamusoro neodymium, simbi uye Boron. Uye chii rinobva fuma nhasi? Masayendisiti akakwanisa kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Group yefizikisi kubva Minnesota wakasika zvinhu zvitsva zvinosanganisira 16 simbi maatomu uye 2 senitrogen maatomu, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva rinobva permeability ndiyo 18% dzakakwirira kupfuura simba kupfuura - neodymium - magineti.

Ndezvipi magnets a

The remagineti ari acho, iri pfupi, zvinoenderana magnets a. Kuisa chero navo remagineti zvinowanisa ayo remagineti panyaya. Mhando magnets a vari kutevera: diamagnetic, paramagnetic uye ferromagnetic zvokuvakisa. Minda simba kupfuura kusika ferromagnets, nekuti vane dzakakwirira rinobva ehupfumi. Kwakadaro zvinhu zvinosanganisira simbi, nickel, cobalt, pasi isingawanzowanikwi nesimbi dzavo alloys, uyewo chromium uye manganese alloys. Of vaite zvechigarire magnets A, nokuti ferromagnetic munda hakurevi inonyangarika pashure kugumiswa remagineti.

Paramagnetic mutore permeability riri zvishoma pamusoro kubatana pa nzvimbo tembiricha. Kwakadaro zvinhu nenzira remagineti magnetized zvakaipa, asi pamwe kudzikira tembiricha, rinobva ehupfumi vavo vari kuwedzera. By paramagnet zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, okisijeni, Platinum, aruminiyamu, isingawanzowanikwi pasi simbi.

Diamagnetics - rumwe rudzi zvinhu, ari permeability kuti chiri zvishoma zvishoma pane kubatana, avo rinobva ehupfumi kunyange simba. Kune vaya Rank simbi zhinji dzakadai bismuth, sirivha, nendarama, mhangura, uyewo mvura uye Organic yeimwe. An dzinonakidza yokuti ferromagnetic zvivako zvapfuura, uye simbi uye kuva demagnetized paramagnetic kana neshungu kune imwe tembiricha (Curie pfungwa).

Kushandisa simba remagineti

Vanhu vakadzidza kushandisa zvakavanakira ivo ataurwa ehupfumi kwemashoko ari remagineti: ferromagnets inokosha zvikuru anogadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi uye makombiyuta mapurani. Vanogona kuwanikwa transformers, Motors, uye siyana kuyera mano, vanobvumira here kuwedzera simba remagineti pasina kuchinja kuitika mune coils.

The nekutumirwa kwemauto nezvinhu zvakadaro kunogona kuderedza simba rakawanda. Vari kushandiswa rinobva kurekodha uye rokuongorora, mhangura kupfeka. Mazuvano mushonga anoshandisa magnets a kuti chirwere uye kurapwa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvikurukuru, basa chirwere midziyo anobva Zvakaitwa zvachose magnets a. Somuenzaniso, ocular tonometer chakarurama anofanira kuona yemaziso yekare kare yemagwaro. Akashandiswa kuvhiyiwa uye microsurgery, rinobva mano chokubvisa simbi kubva chaenga kwevanhu. Ravo uchishandisa pfungwa iri kwakavakirwa ehupfumi ose magnets a pasina nomumbure kubatana. Broad kuchirapa Migumisiro vane zvakasiyana rinobva bhandiji uye applicators. Ivo kuderedza marwadzo uye kumisa kuzvimba kwacho, uye zvirwere vazhinji kubatwa ne mugumisiro remagineti pamusoro zvinoshingaira zvikamu womunhu muviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Cleopatra akashandisa simba rinonzi magnetic zvishongo, kuvandudza ropa kuyerera uye kunonoka zvokukwegura.

Kukosha remagineti kuti nyika

The remagineti inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu panyika. Chokutanga, hazvina kunodzivirira kuti vagere Pasi uye satellites kubva zvinorwarisa kukanganisa yepasi pose miviri. Pasi pokudzora remagineti kuchinja trajectory kwayo. Vaongorori vanobvuma kuti vamwe nyika havana simbi chinoumba, saka simba remagineti, izvo yekudyidzana zvinoderedza uwandu nemapuraneti zvichibvira inogarwa. Earthlings uyewo kuisa akasiyiwa kuitwa pasina kudzivirira munda. Asi kutaura apo izvi zvichaitika, uye geophysics zvisina kutorwa. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 160 pasi rinobva matanda - nezasi - zvakasiyana-siyana pakati anenge zana. Chiitiko chokupedzisira yakadaro kwakaitika makore 720,000 apfuura, uye nyika vakarwiswa yepasi pose inoramba. Imwe pfungwa achitsanangura kutsakatika pakati dinosaurs, anoti Hofori izvi angopera nokuda kwechikonzero.

The remagineti kunova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose

Geophysics, ongorora ehupfumi simba remagineti, vakaona kuti pane kuonekwa kunaka inochinja kuti hazvina kunyorwa pamberi. MuSouth Atlantic remagineti rukoko zvishoma nezvishoma thins. Mumakore 150 apfuura, munda pano yaiva simba kupfuura gumi muzana. Masayendisiti anoti padanda kusuduruka kuchaitika nokukurumidza zvakakwana, mukati mumakore 100 kubvira pakutanga inversion. Chii rudzi achachengeta Fani iyi uye zvichakanganisa sei vagari Earth, zvichiri kuzivikanwa, asi pane mashoko kuti kuchinja kwakadaro yamatanda zvichava anokanganisa magetsi injiniya.

Magnetic madutu nezvazvinoreva vanhu

Dzimwe nguva Wepasi remagineti ndiro nekusiyana - iri madutu rinobva, ndizvo zvakananga novimba zuva. In nguva yakawedzera rezuva basa pane kusunungurwa akakura simba, iyo inoita kuti paumbwe pamusoro kwezuva hadzitani. Muchiitiko chino, hofori parukova mhosva nezvimedu uderedze Earth pa kumhanya - 500-1000 makiromita por wechipiri, kutanga simba remagineti. Rwizi urwu chinosvika nyika mumazuva mashomanana. Kusangana zviviri simba remagineti, uye pakupedzisira zvakashatirisa remagineti enyika. Munhu ajaira zvakajairika remagineti, uye madutu rinobva, utano hwake ari kuchinja.

Vanhu vane akasiyana rinobva kunzwisisa, simba pamusoro dzevanhu rinonzi magnetic dutu kunoenderana ayo mamiriro utano. Kuderera utano, simba ipfupi, inowira vakaremara, kune simba, nomusoro, hope nenyonganiso, kwakave nokushatiswa mudzimu tsinga (nhamba zvikanganiso kunowedzera, uwandu kukundikana uye tsaona kunowedzera). Nezvokumutswa pakuonekwa pose magetsi zviridzwa pamazuva akadaro kunogona kuva pakaputsika basa ravo.

Maitiro mhuka kuti simba remagineti

Zvinonzi zvakaratidza kuti shiri vari kwazvo kunzwa remagineti Nyika uye kunyange kuzviona. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti shiri - nemamwe venyama nenzira iyi: asi rinobva simba kunovabatsira kuwana dzimba dzavo munguva flights Tichitarisa akareba.

A remagineti rinoshandiswa segungwa aidzidzisa nenjiva. Mhuka dzakakwirira rinobva muenzaniso katsi mberi sei nokuchinja remagineti zvikuru. Chechienzi mhuka maitiro aona pamberi madutu uye kwenyika. Kuti uone kuuya Tsunami kana kwenyika muJapan muna aquariums huru dzine blackheads kuti Ngwavaira asati kumuka pemvura uye vanonetsekana, kunzwa perturbations simba remagineti.

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

The simba remagineti pamusoro pavagere redu haisati kudzidza, masayendisiti munyika richangomuka chidzitiro yechakavanzika nyika uye kuedza kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo inokosha kwazvo. Asi mberi hazvirevi mira, uye sayenzi iri kukura nokukurumidza mazuva iwayo, saka ndiani anoziva, pamwe runotevera vachaziva mhinduro dzakawanda mibvunzo iri iyo vakarwa yakanakisisa mupfungwa vanhu.