GMO: akabatsirwa kana zvakaipa? Zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvokudya uye zvinenge. The zvemitemo framework

Nyaya ino: "GMOs: vanobatsirwa kana zvakaipa?". Edza kufunga tisingasaruri panyaya iyi. Pashure pezvose, kushaya zvinhu sezvazviri wechivi nevakawanda zvinhu vakazvitsaurira kuna ichi gakava nyaya. Nhasi, munyika dzakawanda (kusanganisira Russia), pfungwa GMOs akatanga kushandiswa apo kutaura "mishonga kuti anokonzera kenza uye kunotouraya." Kumativi ose GMO kukanda dope siyana panguva: shata, kuchengeteka, vakatyisidzira zvokudya rusununguko wenyika yedu. Asi anotya zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvokudya , uye kuti zvechokwadi izvozvo? Ngatitaurei kupindura mibvunzo iyi.

Decoding pfungwa

GMOs - zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvinenge zviri, kuti nhamba yevane ne magene ouinjiniya unyanzvi. Pfungwa iri kusanyatsotsanangurwa zvinoshandawo chirimwa. Kare, Breeders siyana, dzakadai Michurin, kubudirira anobatsira ehupfumi zvinomera, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana anonyengera. Izvi zvaisanganisira, kunyanya, ari kusonanidzwa kuchekwa dzimwe miti kana zvimwe zvisarudzo kuti seeding chete nevamwe unhu. Shure kwezvinhu izvi kwakava refu anovandira migumisiro, izvo chete vaviri kumarudzi zvakasimba richiratidzwa. Nhasi, majini inogona hwakatamisirwa kurudyi nzvimbo uye nokukurumidza saka kuwana zvaunoda. Ndiko kutaura GMOs - ndiyo kutungamirirwa shanduka mugwara, mhanyisa nayo.

Chinangwa GMO maberekero yepakutanga

Chinangwa deducing GMO pakutanga kuwedzera goho miti yakasiyana, kuwedzera kurwisa kwavo zvakaomarara zvinhu (inotonhorera kuperevedza, kwemvura), kuti kwaita kusava kuti nemavhairasi asingakwezvi zvipembenene tupukanana. Nemamwe mashoko, masayendisiti vaida kuwana zvirimwa vari shoma mari vaigona kukura, kupa matunhu Goho, uye nokudaro kugadzirisa dambudziko zvokudya. Uye mubvunzo rikwanise nhasi munyika munyika dzakawanda. Ndicho chinangwa chikuru vakadzinganiswa magene injiniya uye hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu, nokusika GMOs.

Sei GMOs?

nzira dzakawanda zvinogona kushandiswa pave GMO chirimwa. Chinonyanya nevakawanda nhasi ndiyo nzira transgenes. Tikakumbirwa Gene (semuenzaniso, kwemvura kuramba Gene) kuti akapora yakachena chimiro kubva DNA cheni. Pashure paizvozvo, akatanga kupinda DNA munhu chirimwa kuti chinoda dzakachinjwa.

Majini anogona kutorwa chokuita mhuka. Panyaya iyi muitiro anonzi tsisgenezom. Transgenesis kunoitika kana zviratidzo hunobviswa mhuka kure.

Ndicho yokupedzisira chinokatyamadza nyaya kuenda. Vakawanda vanodzidza kuti gorosi huripo nhasi majini chinyavada kutanga zvokufungidzira pamusoro, regai kukura shure kana vaya vanoshandisa nayo zvokudya, nenzara uye muswe. Vakawanda vasina kudzidza bhuku iri forum uye Websites kudira parafini mumoto. Today GMO dingindira, zvinobatsirei kana kukuvadza iro kushingaira kukurukurwa, hakuna akarasika nemusoro. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chinhu bedzi "nyanzvi", avo itsva nemakemikari omuviri uye zvipenyu, unozvidzinga zvingakonzera vatengi mishonga ine GMOs.

GMO zvinogadzirwa

Nhasi, zvinhu izvi vakatenderana kudaidza chinhu kuti zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa Utachiona, kana zvinhu chero zvine zvinoumba zvipenyu izvi. Ndizvo GMO-zvokudya havasi chete zvakachinjwa dzakachinjwa mbatatisi kana chibage, asiwo Sausages, izvo akawedzera kuwedzera offal uye yavaibvisa nitrate -GMO soyabhinzi. Asi kugadzirwa nyama Mhou taipiwa gorosi raiva GMOs hazvizozivikanwi vaitirei chigadzirwa yakadaro.

Mugumisiro GMOs pamusoro womunhu muviri

Journalists vasina vaiziva nyaya dzakadai magene engineering hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu, asi ivo kunzwisisa kukosha uye kukurumidza GMO nyaya, yakatanga Dhadha kuti kuwana muura edu uye dumbu, masero ane zvinhu zviri wefodya unopinda muropa uye kupararira kune nyama uye nhengo umo anokonzera kenza uye kunotouraya.

Tinofanira kucherechedza kuti nyaya iyi tarenda iri kure chokwadi. Chero chikafu GMO kana navo, ari muura uye dumbu uchiora pasi zvinoitwa intestinal makemikari, gastric secretions uye pancreatic muto kupinda chinoumba kumativi, uye havasi panguva majini zvose uye mapurotini havana. Izvi amino acid, triglycerides, nyore shuga uye mafuta acids. izvi zvose munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dziri nemudumbu uye ipapo wefodya unopinda muropa, uye ipapo yakawandisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana: kuti vaunze simba (shuga), sezvo chivakwa zvinhu (amino acids), simba reserves (mafuta).

Somuenzaniso, kana ukawana gennomoditsifirovanny muviri (somuenzaniso, yafanana yakaipa wemagaka apple), zvichava nyore kutsengwa akoromoka kupinda chinoumba zvikamu saizvozvo sezvo chero vasiri GMO.

Other GMO-chinokatyamadza

Rimwe bhasikoro, hapana zvishoma anotyisa, nokuti chokwadi kuti vanhu genome vari Integrated transgenes, iyo inotungamirira kuupenyu migumisiro yakaipisisa zvakadai mbereko uye kenza. Kokutanga muna 2012, French vanyora kenza mune mbeva kuti akagamuchira zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zviyo. Kutaura zvazviri, Gilles-Eric Seralini, musoro kuedza, mharidzo chakabatwa, zvinosanganisira 200 Sprague-Dawley makonzo. Izvi, mumwe-muzvitatu zviyo-zvokudya GMO chibage, mumwe wechitatu - zviyo zvinoberekeswa dzakachinja kubatwa herbicide, uye vokupedzisira - senguva bhinzi. Somugumisiro, hadzi makonzo akadya zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa Utachiona (GMOs) akapa inosvika makore maviri, kukura namamota muna 80%. Vanhurume watambira uyu zvokudya renal uye hepatic chirwere. Characteristically, wechitatu pamusoro kwomuzvarirwo kudya mhuka vanoitwa kuurayiwa namamota siyana. mutsetse uyu makonzo zvachose kwaita kuti angoerekana anomera, kwete chokuita hunhu simba. Naizvozvo, rucheno kuedza anogona kunzi kutsarukana, uye akanzi sauka uye nesayenzi.

kuongorora Similar rwaiitwa pamberi, muna 2005, munyika yedu. GMOs muRussia kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu Ermakova. Akabva wataurwa musangano muGermany dzinoshuma mukuru wokufa kugamuchirwa-GMO soyabhinzi mbeva. Yakasimbiswa ari kuedza nesayenzi, application akatanga kuparadzira vakapoteredza nyika, kuunza vanaamai vechiduku hysterical. Pashure pezvose, vaifanira zvokudya vana vavo nzira-zvokudya. Uye vaishandisa Sou GMOs. Nyanzvi Five Nature hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu mberi vakabvumirana kuti migumisiro Russian kuedza yakavhenganiswa, uye ukoshi hwayo haina kuzivikanwa.

Ndinoda kuwedzera kuti kunyange kana chimedu yokumwe DNA zvichava dzevanhu riparadzirwe, mashoko aya majini hakuna akavaka kupinda mumuviri uye haiiti kuti chinhu. Zvechokwadi, zvakasikwa pane zviitiko midzi mune dzimwe muviri zvimedu genome. Zvikurukuru, mamwe mabhakitiriya saka akapamba genetics nenhunzi. Zvisinei, izvi mananara vasina inorondedzerwa mhuka yepamusorosoro. Uyezve, masero ruzivo uye zvinogadzirwa Galore pasina GMOs. Uye kana havana kuvakwa muimba majini zvinhu kwevanhu zvakadaro, tinogona kuramba zvakanaka kudya zvose yokuita zvinoitwa muviri, kusanganisira avo rine GMOs.

Batsirwa kana kukuvadza?

"Monsanto", US kambani, kare muna 1982 pamusoro musika vakauya zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvokudya: Sou uye donje. Iye ndiye muvambi yokuuraya zvose zvinomera, kunze zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa, herbicide "Roundup".

Muna 1996, apo zvibereko kambani "Monsanto" zvagadzwapo pamusoro pamisika, makambani kuti makwikwi naye ruponeso zveminda kwatanga hombe-pamwero rutsigiro, izvo nechinangwa kushomeka turnover mishonga ine GMOs. Kushushwa wokutanga anozivikanwa neAripadhi Pusztay, musayendisiti British. Achifudza GMO matapiri makonzo. Zvisinei, vakabva penyanzvi dzose Masvomhu yose musayendisiti mukapwanya smithereens.

Potentsalny zvakaipa vokuRussia GMO zvigadzirwa

Hapana rinomuvanza kuti akarima GMO zviyo nyika haana kukura chinhu asi pachavo. Izvi imhaka yokuti akasiyana donje kana soyabhinzi, herbicide nemishonga, kwete moryatsya navo. Saka, vanogona kuva sprayed, kuwana kutsakatika vasara rezvinomera.

Glyphosate - ndicho herbicide. Iye sprayed chokwadi miriwo kunyange vasati vachikura nokukurumidza uye vanogona kuwedzerwa, kwete mumabhatiri muvhu. Zvisinei, nemishonga GMO miti kubvumira kurishandisa mune akawanda, izvo anowedzera ngozi kuunganidza glyphosate muna GM-zvirimwa makuru. Chinonziwo kuti herbicide hunokonzera overgrowth remafupa rinenge uye kufutisa. Uye muLatin America uye United States kuti zvishoma yakawandisa vanhu vari kufuta.

mumwe chirimwa chete yakagadzirwa vakawanda mbeu GMO. Ndiko, mwana Ko mumwe akamuka regai. Ungangove, ndiko zvokutenga nzira, nokuti nenzira iyi Marketing mbeu GMO inowedzerwa. Modified zvinomera, izvo kupa runotevera, pane mukuru.

Sezvo hazvizivi Gene kunotouraya (semuenzaniso, Sou kana mbatatisi) kungawedzera allergenic ehupfumi zvibereko, kazhinji zvinonzi GMOs vari simba allergens. Asi isina zvatinosiita mapuroteni, dzimwe mhando nzungu chisimbwa isina kunyange vaya vakatambura pamberi chiri pamusoro chigadzirwa ichi.

Nokuda hunhu pollination pakati GMO miti inogona kuderedza uwandu dzimwe mhando kwemarudzi. Kana nzvimbo mbiri pedo kudyara kwakajairika gorosi uye-gorosi GMO, pane ngozi yokuti zvatinosiita kutsiva akapiwa simba yokugadziridza, pollinating nayo. Zvisinei, kashoma kuti mumwe munhu angadai avapa zvikure pamwe.

Kusiya kwavo mbeu Fund uye kushandisa mbeu chete GMO, kunyanya kuraswa, hurumende pakupedzisira zvichava zvokudya, zvichienderana makambani, iyo kubata mbeu.

Conference pamwe kutora chikamu Rospotrebnadzor

Mushure zvose vezvenhau vave kudzokororwa kakawanda uye kuvenga nyaya GMO zvigadzirwa, Rospotrebnadzor muchirongwa Misangano yakawanda panyaya. Pane musangano muItaly muna March 2014, nhume yake yakanga muchirongwa hwokugadzira yokubvunza pamusoro zviri pasi turnover kuRussia zvive nezvimwe zviratidzo dzakachinjwa zvipenyu. Nhasi, saka, kushandisa kosi yaiva kunzvenga kutopedza zvokudya pamusika kunyika zvinhu zvakadaro. Zvakanzi kunonoka kushanda mune zvokurima pamusoro GMO zvinomera, kunyange kushandisa mbeu GMO vachiri rakarongwa kutanga muna 2013 (hurumende September 23, 2013).

Bar yekubvuma

It kunyange mberi Ushumiri akaenda Dzidzo uye Science. Zvinonzi aronga kushandisa chiratidzo kutsiva bhaa bumbiro "Mariri GMO" muRussia. Zvinofanira mashoko ose pamusoro chigadzirwa huri nemagene nadzurudzo, kana ayo kusavapo. A mavambo akanaka, asi funga ichi muzariro yekubvuma haangavi zvinogoneka pasina chinokosha namano.

Zvinoberekeswa dzakachinja zvokudya uye mutemo

GMOs vari nokudzorwa mutemo mune dzimwe inoti. MuEurope, Somuenzaniso, zviri anopfuura 0,9% haabvumirwi mune zvinhu zviri Japan - 9% muna US - 10%. In nyika yedu, zvigadzirwa apo GMO kugutsikana kwazvo 0,9%, pasi fanira Kunyora. Nokuti kutyora mitemo iyi emakambani zvingakanganisa zvirango, kusanganisira kugumiswa mabasa.

mhedziso

The mhedziso kubva izvi zvose zvinogona kuitwa sezvinotevera: chinetso GMO (kubatsirwa kana kukuvadza kubva pakushandisa zvigadzirwa ane pavo) nhasi zvakajeka kuwedzeredzwa. Unknown kunyatsonzwisisa zvakaipira kushandisa refu mishonga yakadaro. To musi, chiremera kuedza kwesayenzi pamusoro nyaya iyi haisi kuitwa.