Gore nheyo Rostov Guru, wokutanga panotaurwa nemabhuku emabasa makore 862

Rostov Guru - mukuru Russian guta. Vanochera mumhenderekedzo kweLake Nero akawana uchapupu nemisha yekare neolithic nguva. Ndokusaka gore chaiwo nheyo Rostov Guru anogona haangasimbiswi. zviuru kwemakore akapfuura okutanga vanhu vakagara ikoko. Sezvingatarisirwa, vaiva vahedheni vose, temberi dzavo dzakawanda nezvazvo. Gore kutaurwa muguta Rostov rokutanga achadzivirira kudaro kure. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" kunoratidza 862-vakasuwa uye muna 991 vakauya vagari Rostov Orthodox.

muzinda muKristu kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweRussia

Kubva pano kumaguta pedyo nemisha nokukurumidza kupararira chiKristu, pasinei nokuti muchihedheni akaramba zvakagadzirwa, yakareba chaizvo nguva. Kunyange makore makumi masere ari Rostov nyika itsva chitendero vakazvipira akafa. Saka, akanga vakaurayiwa vahedheni Bishop Leonty muna 1071. Kuwedzera vezvitendero, Rostov Mukuru, uyo vakawanda kwemakore akawanda akadzivirira Russia kubva womukati muvengi nechisimba kubva kumabvazuva rwokumusoro, akashanda se zvoupfumi uye enyika muzinda hugota pakati Kiev. Yakanga ikoko vakauya Rostov vatongi - Vanakomana machinda Kievan.

A Gore Great Rostov nheyo hatizvizivi, asi count iri kuitwa kubva pakutanga ambotaurwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years". Uye pazuva iro guta muna 2012, vaipemberera 1150th gore parera rimwe "Golden Ring". Akayeuka machinda akakurumbira uyo akawedzera kubwinya kweguta. Vanakomana St. Vladimir - Baptist pamusoro Rus ', patasvika pano. Izvi rinobwinya Yaroslav Mudry, pashure akauraya Svyatopolk mhosva, uye Prince Boris, uyo, pamwe mukoma wake Gleb, Murom muchinda, akava Vatendi vokutanga. Guta Rostov Mukuru vakawanda vakakurumbira vaona panguva hwake refu - uye varwi makuru uye matsotsi makuru.

By Yaroslava Mudrogo kuna Andreya Bogolyubskogo

Mwanakomana Yaroslav Vsevolod, Prince pamusoro Kiev, Rostov akapa nyika mwanakomana wake - Vladimir Monomakh. Ipapo mitemo pano Yuri Dolgoruky, iro guta Rostov Veliky wakapfuurira nhaka yakakurumbira upenyu hwake hwakarurama Prince Andreyu Bogolyubskomu. All zvingava zvakanaka, asi kwete akararama pano muchinda. Pasinei nokuti gore hwaro guru Rostov akanga ipapa, Andrew akatama guta guru kubva Rostov Vladimir. Vagari veguta vanogumburwa zvikuru: wadii kuenzana Kiev Rostov, kwete Vladimir? Kunyanya kuti kare panguva Yuri Dolgoruky vakatanga kushevedzera kuitwe Rostov Guru. Uye zvakawanda uye nemakambani European uye zvakanaka - zvose zvinyorwa vazere epithets.

Kugumbuka vanokudzwa uye vavariro dzakaipa. Intertwining kumativi Andreya Bogolyubskogo zvakaipa uye ropa kumukira. Sezviri pachena, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuita kudaro. Nokukurumidza, guta itsva Rostov uye Novgorod outgrown vavanonamata kukuru. Nhasi, mutana guta uye dzakaderera mune mashoko zvokuwedzera uye nharaunda, uye kukudziridza matsva - kuna Nizhny Novgorod uye Rostov-on-Don. Zvichida Jehovha akaranga. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo nyaya Rostov Mukuru akanga akanaka chaizvo, uye musoro wake, iye akapfeka kupfuura chakakodzera. Panguva iyoyo guru Russian guta, riri munzvimbo maeka mazana maviri.

remakore nematatu

A Gore Rostov Great pechingoro paiva kure shure kuti maererano vemo uye nharaunda, iye yakura zvokuti aiva wechipiri chete Kiev uye Novgorod. Pashure pokubatwa nokupondwa Andreya Bogolyubskogo muna 1174 vagari akasarudza aiva mutongi wavo muchinda Novgorod, asi Mstislav haana kutora guta guru pasi bapiro ake.

Vamwe mukoma nguva nemirayiro Andrew Michael, uye ipapo akatanga kutonga muna Rostov, Vsevolod Huru Nest uye akagara pachigaro kwomuchinda choushe kusvikira 1212. Zvino kwakanga kunokurwa nguva uye ropa hondo pakati pavanakomana vake, kunyange hondo duku chakaitika umo Constantine akakundwa uye akasiya mambo Stolnyy Vladimir uye Rostov vakatora Yuri ikavakunda.

magamba maviri

Pakafa Constantine kuti chigaro Rostov akagara mwanakomana wake cornflowers. Vose vavo - uye Yuri, cornflowers - varwi vaiva zvakanaka uye aida chaizvo vose vaaitonga. Vose vakafa pazuva rimwe March 1238 muhondo temnik Batu Burundai. Yuri musoro uye cornflowers akatorwa musungwa, asi kwete kwenguva refu. Akaramba kushumira Tatars uye akaurayiwa.

vatongi izvi akawedzera ndandanda Saints ari Russian Land akafara. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti munguva utongi hwavo muzana remakore rechigumi nematatu, nyika sezvariri yatumbuka: akavaka yemamongi Rostov Guru, kutsiva yakanga ichivakwa. White ibwe Church of kubvuma, uko achiri kudada guta, rakapera chaizvo muchinda cornflowers.

Vanyori Warriors

Zvimwe Constantine, iyo waikudzwa musoro Akachenjera nekuda kwerudo Ndimi, nokuziva kuverenga zvikuru, nokuti kuvakwa temberi, akatanga muRussia dzidzo paruzhinji. Muna 1204, yakavakirwa Grigorievsky shutter - chikoro yechitendero, wokutanga kuRussia. Bishop Cyril sevasingafungi knigopisi: naye Codes gumi yematehwe yakaitwa, izvo isu takanga rombo zvokuti kuona. Chronicle makore 862 akanga asina zvinoreva chete, iro rinoreva muguta Rostov.

Asi Tartars vakaramba vachirwisa dzavo. Kakawanda Rostov mauto ukapararazve hondo inenge zvachose. City vasingagoni Pakadaro, kurwisa zvisingaiti, asi nekuti hazvina kudaro kakawanda akapisa nokukoromorwa. Zvisinei, kunyange kupfuura zvinotyisa nguva wechiTatar-Mongol kuvaka joko guta mberi, yenhau vakaguta. Zvisinei, vagari Rostov haana zvakazara kuteerera munhu. Ataurazve kwakaitika kumukira pokutonga Tatars. Rimwe zuva muna 1320, Ivan Kalita, Prince of Moscow, noutsinye woutsinye mumwe wavo. Boyars zvakaparadzwa zvachose. Panguva iyoyowo, uye vabereki St. Segiyo dzakamanikidzwa kutama kubva muguta musha wavo kumusha Radonezh.

Civil kukakavara uye hondo

Maviri emakore mumutsetse - namana uye namashanu - akaramba kusabatana Rostov weutungamiriri, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, enyika kukosha guta guru vakawira kuwedzera. Muna 1328-m, kunyange guta yacho muzvikamu zviviri, pakati Prince Constantine vazukuru. Candlemas of pakarepo pasi Moscow, uye Boris uye atenga ne kuMoscow kuburikidza anopfuura zana Ivan III. Hondo Kulikovo vakakurudzira vose Russian vanhu. Handisi kugara pakachengeteka ichimirira uye muzinda Rostov Guru.

Rostov kukupfura akamira pasi pomureza pamusoro Dmitry Donskoy. Muhondo iyi muchirongwa akafa heroically vaviri Rostov Princess - DARYA Rostovskaya uye Antonina Puzhbolskaya. Ivo akavigwa Rostov pamusoro dare yomuchinda, apo mwana womukoma Sergiya Radonezhskogo Papera, Archbishop Theodore, akavamba wemamongi Christmas. Tsananguro Rostov Guru makore iwayo anoti zvakanaka nzvimbo vachiri vakasiya guta riri nechepakati dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana - kubva pano mugwagwa akaenda Sea White, uye gumi nenhanhatu remakore, England akavhura rokutengesa yeBazi Rostov.

Kubva zvematongerwo enyika kuti Orthodoxy

Asi kubva upenyu enyika yose Rostov kuwedzera nokuparadzaniswa. Zvisinei shirilos akakura nawo mukereke upenyu nyika. Muzana remakore rechigumi, veko mabhishopi vakatanga kudana archbishops, uye muna 1589 ari archdiocese yakatangwa pano. Nguva Troubles kwakaita guru kutambura guta. Kutotanga kuvakazve imwe muhari nhare kuti vakakomba pakati Rostov Veliky, basa rakanga chaizvo kure kumagumo, uye guta rakanga kudzivirirwa.

Muna Rostov hondo pamwe Poles vachiri vakauya, uye yave chaizvo dzisakarurama mikana kubudirira vanenge kuenzana razero. The kutsigira veguta, akuvadzwa uye vanhuwo zvavo, vakapona vakatora utiziro kubvuma Cathedral. Vavengi vakauya anyengetedze Metropolitan Filaret (Romanov, baba remangwana wamambo Mikhail Fedorovich). Asi muvengi akanga atizira raurayiwa, asingaregi munhu. Vakaparadza temberi pacharo, uye guta rose, mumaguta akatapwa uye kuendeswa munyengeri Venhema Dmitry - Tushino mbavha. Zvisinei, occupier Filaret aifarira, uye akanga vakagunun'una pamusoro musoro wemhuri.

apo Romanovs

Apo Poles uye Lithuanians vakabvisawo kumba, Rostov zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kupora, uye chinhu chokutanga akaramba kuvaka masvingo. Earthworks, iyo dzakapoteredzwa guta kumativi ose, ane nyeredzi pamwe mapfumbamwe mwaranzi. Vazhinji zvivako pasi kuvakwa vakanga kuparadzwa, kunyange makereke. Zvisinei, munhu akatendeuka akabuda pasina - pamusoro Rostov haana vazvidzivirire pakurwisana nomuvengi. A nhare simba zvikuru pakuzadzisa muguta, kwakaitika maviri emakore mumutsetse - nemasere uye navapfumbamwe.

The kutaurwa muguta Rostov Velikiy rokutanga kure vagara kwemakore ane chiuru, uye panguva iyoyo asiya rusununguko unoriumba muzinda. Zvisinei, muna Rostov backwoods haana kutendeuka. It chachinja dangwe yemo dhipatimendi reRussia, basa III Jona, Metropolitan pamusoro Rostov, kubva muna 1652 kusvika 1690, kubva kuchinja zvinhu Patriarch Nikon uye schism yeChechi yeOrthodox. Jona akatora chikomborero Nikon, saka wakawira kunyadziswa namambo Alexei Mikhailovich. Panguva iyoyo akakwidziridzwa kuti ari Rostov Kremlin, zvose shongwe ose Metropolitan Court, dzakagadzirisa temberi dzakawanda. Asi kupfuura zvose yava anozivikanwa kunokwana yakakurumbira Rostov Jona Call: Lil bhero rinonzwika kuti vanhu kushamisika Orthodox.

mutsvene Demetrius

Imwe chechi akakurumbira mufananidzo Rostov Mukuru Dimitriy Rostovsky, somusande, akanga Metropolitan makore manomwe chete, asi akakwanisa kupinda nhoroondo mamiriro muzvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha. Gobvu zvisaririra wakasiya zvaakanyora zvomudzimu zvakachengetedzwa mune dzakawanda. Huru basa zvechitendero ake "Lives of Sande" - upenyu yavatsvene yeOrthodox yeRussia. Muna 1757, St. Demetrius somusande. zvinoera ake anogona kuva kunonamata Mutsvene Monastery Yakovlevsky Rostov Guru.

chinzvimbo kweguta yachinja panguva ino. Kana rusununguko pakupedzisira akarasika sezvo guru, Rostov akatonga vatongi, vakange vatumwa pano kubva Moscow. Muna 1692 guta ndishande Yaroslavl mudunhu, uye pakutanga nemisere remakore akapa Pereslavl province. Muna 1777-M Rostov Mukuru akapiwa mamiriro guta dunhu Yaroslavl gavhuna, uye makore gumi gare gare akanga aibvisa uye mumaguta madhipatimendi, sezvo zvakaita kuti Yaroslavl. Uye kusvikira nhasi anorarama akanaka nyore Rostov remunharaunda muzinda Yaroslavl nharaunda.

zvisakamboonekwa

Zvino ndiro guta rine vanhu vanhu pfuurei zviuru makumi mana. Status ane zvose zvakafanana - guta-Museum uye parera Yechinwiwa Ring mataundi Russian. Pakutanga vashanyi vanoda kuongorora? Chokwadi, Rostov Kremlin, Metropolitan muchivanze - huru kukwezvana guta rino. Vose vagere munyika vakaona firimu pamusoro Ivan, iyo anochinja basa. Saka, hapana munhu asina kumboona Rostov Kremlin akasiyana pamakona, nokuti kupfura kwakaitika ikoko. Kana guta warasikirwa yemo madhipatimendi, kuti Kremlin rotanga kuvira uye voruzhinji kuti Rostov Guru negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, akadzorera zvose zvivako vave kunatsiridzwa uye vakadzorerwa. Muna 1883, chechi rakazarurwa Museum of Antiquities muna Kremlin.

Oldest kuvaka uye imwe nzvimbo yakaisvonaka - nokufungidzira Cathedral iri Cathedral Square. It anonyatsorayiridzwa vakachengetedzwa nanhasi makore 991. Chokwadi, rakavakwazve kakawanda, uye Andrew Bogolyubsky, uye Constantine Takachenjera, uye muchinda Basil. Chivako varipo rakadzikwa muna 1508. Izvi itemberi huru yeguta, guva machinda Rostov uye zvose mabhishopi ake. Pano isu ngarira zororo uye muchinda cornflowers uye Metropolitan Jona.

Kremlin

Shongwe uye madziro Kremlin, zvakare, zvaikandwa kumusoro zvikuru paya, wokutanga panotaurwa yenhau. Rakanga remakore namanomwe, kana guta rakanga paaivatambudza Metropolitan Jonah. The yakakurumbira Rostov belfry rainge vazvivakira. Huru bhero anoyera matatu-matani maviri! Zvitsaurei Mashoko vakakodzera yemamongi Rostov Guru. Kutanga, zviri Muponesi Yakovlevsky Dimitriev wemamongi Chokwadi, kwete mudukusa yakakurumbira yemamongi waAbhurahamu. Yokutanga yakanga vagadzwe 1386 kusvika Chechi Conception St. Anne. In Panguva Troubles, wemamongi Asafarirwa kucheneswa, ndokumudzosera zvakare, Metropolitan Jona.

Nechekare muna 1780 ndipo zvakanzi rakapoteredzwa pamasvingo ibwe uye Dimitrievsky temberi yakavakwa pamusoro mari Sheremetiev. yemamongi ichi vashanyi kuona kare pamukova Rostov kubva kuMoscow. Chechipiri - Epiphany Avraamiev monastyr- dangwe kukwezvana, izvo zvakakodzera kudada kukura kwete chete, asiwo yose North-Eastern Russia. It rakaumbwa muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe, ari Reverend Abraham, uya akakunda yechihedheni Veles vachishandisa tsvimbo anogadzirwa kubva chechi Russian pamusoro Ioanna Bogoslova. tsvimbo iyi akatora Ivan Grozny ari kurwisa Kazan uye akunda. Vachikudza chiitiko ichi munharaunda wemamongi yakavakwa Cathedral of Epiphany muna 1555.

Rostov Guru Coat of Arms

Pamberi nemanomwe remakore, chiratidzo Rostov aiva shiri kuti kunogona kuonekwawo pane Great Chisimbiso Ivana Groznogo of navatanhatu remakore. The Emperor aiva kudhinda munyika makumi maviri nezvina, uye maguta Russian, pakati rakanga kukurukurwa uye Rostov. Yaiva gondo, musoro akatendeukira kurudyi.

Symbol uye chiratidzo Rostov pakutanga nemanomwe remakore yakanga nondo mumunda chervlonnom. Nondo ( "rava kunzi Jelenia") dzakarukwa pamusoro pokrovtse changamire Mikhail Fedorovich, yaiva yendarama zenze kana pamipendero, endarama mahwanda uye nyanga. Kusvikira zvino, mufananidzo uyu chiratidzo muguta Rostov Guru.