Haploid masero: unhu, nokupesana, chokuwanziridza

masero Haploid - uyu, musimboti kane chete yakatarwa okutodza. Zvinonzi, zvikurukuru, ivo gametes - ndiko, masero dzaizopiwa maberekero. Uyewo haploid seti okutodza vane zvikuru prokaryotic zvinenge. Masero Somatic pamusoro eukaryotes (zvose kunze pabonde) - diploid miti kungava polyploid.

The mamiriro masero prokaryotic

Prokaryotes vari Utachiona, zvinosanganisira sero rimwe chete, umo musina core. Izvi zvinosanganisira chete utachiona. Vazhinji vavo vane chete yakatarwa okutodza.

Structure masero eukaryotic akasiyana chokwadi kuti isina zvimwe organelles. Somuenzaniso, havana mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi midziyo, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum. Zvisinei, somunhu eukaryotic, sero prokaryotic haploid ane yeplasma Kamudzira zvinosanganisira mapuroteni uye phospholipids; ribosomes, vanobatanidzwa kukura mapuroteni; Sero rusvingo, izvo kazhinji kacho inovakwa pamusoro murein. Uyewo Kamudzira chinogona kuvapo akadaro muchitokisi chimiro, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai mapurotini uye shuga. okutodza dzavo kuyangarara takasununguka muna cytoplasm, musimboti, kana asina kudzivirirwa neimwe marongerwo. Kakawanda, nhaka zvinhu utachiona chinomiririrwa chromosome chimwe chete, iro mashoko wakanyorwa pamusoro mapuroteni kuti zvinofanira zvinoberekwa muchitokisi. Nzira Mashoko zvipenyu zvakadaro - nyore weboka haploid masero. Izvi zvinobvumira navo pfupi nguva yekudyidzana muwande dzavo.

eukaryotic Masero ane chete yakatarwa okutodza

In kwezvinhu zvipenyu mhando iyi haploid nuclei zvine masero anonzi gametes. Vangave rakasiyana somatic. Kubereka ndiko haploid masero dzepabonde, uye muviri mutsva kunogona kutanga kukudziridza chete panguva confluence pakati gametes vaviri, synthesized nokuda vakasiyana zvakafanana kwemarudzi.

Akaumba nokuda Fusion foni maviri haploid inonzi zygote, izvozvo nechekare ane miviri vanochengeta okutodza. Pasinei nokuti utachiona masero zvakasiyana kubva somatic diploid, vanogona vachine organelles tinoberekwa eukaryotes.

mhuka gametes

Sex masero zvipenyu enzvimbo umambo, akadana urume uye zai. First anogadzirwa muviri munhurume, wechipiri - mukadzi. Egg anogadzirwa ovaries uye dzisingaoneki masero - ari manhu. Uye avo nevamwe - kushandiswa haploid masero, vane yakasiyana mabasa.

The nemamiriro zai

Female pabonde masero vane yakakura kukura kupfuura vanhu. Vari wakaiswa. Chavainyanya basa - kupa zygote nokuda kokutanga zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa kuti weboka. Zai ine cytoplasm, Kamudzira, gelatinous goko polar muviri uye mwoyo, rine mashoko okutodza akatakura enhaka ruzivo. Uyewo ayo mamiriro rine cortical granules dzine makemikari, kunotadzisa vamwe dzisingaoneki kupinda muchitokisi mushure fertilization, kana aigona kuumbwa polyploid zygote (ane katatu uye kuva okutodza), izvo zvaizoita kunotoreva ose kunotouraya.

zai Egg shiri kunogonawo kunzi, asi rine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri kuti ave zvinokwana zvizere kukura embryo. Female utachiona masero mhuka ine makemikari makemikari akawanda, sapamazuva akazotevera nzendo kukura embryo kubudikidza placenta, iye anogamuchira zvose zvakafanira kubva mai.

Kana shiri haitauri, saka yose kupiwa zvinovaka muviri vanofanira kutanga kuvapo ari zai. Zai ane zvakawanda kunzwisisa chivakwa. Pamusoro riye uye puroteni goko akafuka goko, iro rine rwokudzivirira basa iri varipowo marongerwo dzedenga kamuri, iyo inodiwa kuti okisijeni mudumbu.

Sechivako urume

Izvi zvakare haploid masero dzaizopiwa maberekero. chikuru basa Its ndiye kuchengetedzwa uye kupararira yemadzibaba enhaka zvinhu. Sero ichi haploid ari Mobile ane saizi duku zvikuru pane zai, chokuti rine hapana muviri.

Dzisingaoneki chinosanganisira anoverengeka chikuru zvikamu: muswe uye musoro zvenguva kadhi therebetween. Muswe (flagellum) rinoumbwa microtubules - pezvivako zvakavakwa kubva mapurotini. Pamusana kwaari, urume anogona kufamba vakananga chinangwa chacho - zai, izvo anofanira isa fotereza.

Zvenguva zvakakuparadzanisai musoro nomuswe rine mitochondria, izvo akaronga helically nechepakati chikamu flagellum, uye peya centrioles nhema perpendicular kune mumwe.

Chokutanga - nayo organelles kuti zvibereko simba, iyo inodiwa kuti kufamba gametes. Urume musoro ndiyo tsanga iyo ine haploid vanochengeta okutodza (23 muvanhu). Nechokunze chikamu chino hono nemasero embeu ndiyo autosome. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinonzi dzakachinjwa zvishoma, vakawedzera lysosome. Rine makemikari kuti zvinokosha kuti urume aigona kuiparadza chikamu rokunze goko zai uye mupfudze. Mushure mukono gamete merges nemukadzi, zygote aumbwa iyo ane diploid nhamba okutodza (46 muvanhu). It anokwanisa zviparadzanise, uye zvinoumba kwazviri mudumbu.

Haploid chirimwa masero

Utachiona izvi "umambo" dzinokudziridzwa masero yakafanana pamuviri. Women, zvakare, dzinonzi mazai, uye varume - dzisingaoneki. Wokutanga ari pistil, uye wechipiri - pamusoro stamen, mukume. Pashure kuonana ayo nomutswi muchangosangana kunoitika, uye ipapo kuumbwa zvibereko mbeu mukati.

KuLow- zvirimwa (spore) - mosses, ferns - pane alternation zvizvarwa. Mumwe reproduces asexually (spores), uye mumwe - zvepabonde. Chokutanga anonzi sporophyte, uye wechipiri - gametophyte. Tataura Fern sporophyte chirimwa machira huru, nepo gametophyte - duku zvakasvibirira chivako chairatidzika mwoyo pamusoro payo uye zvepabonde masero vari aumba.