Hawking nemwaranzi: zvakavanzika hakusisipo

Stiven Hoking - mukuru cosmologist uye yokungotaura yefizikisi nguva yedu. Akaberekwa muna 1942, musayendisiti yemberi atova makore 20 akatanga kusangana nezvinetso zvoutano. Chinonzi amyotrophic lateral sclerosis iri zvakasimba zvaikanganisa dzidzo panguva weDhipatimendi yokungotaura Physics pa Oxford, zvisinei, haana kurambidza Stephen kutungamirira hwokushingaira zvikuru, azere upenyu zviitiko. Akaroora muna 1965, akava nhengo Royal Society muna 1974. Panguva ino akanga atova mwanasikana uye vaviri nevanakomana. Muna 1985, musayendisiti amira kutaura. Nhasi, ari muviri wake mufambo iri rakaramba mumwe chete tsandanyama dzechiso padama. Zvaiita kuti zvachose immobile uye mbeveve munhu mutongo. Zvisinei, muna 1995 iye akaroora zvakare, uye muna 2007 ... rinobhururukira mu weightlessness.

On Earth, hakuna munhu isina kufamba, izvo angadai akararama zvizere anobatsira uye dzinonakidza upenyu.

Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. budiriro mukuru Hawking yaiva dzidziso makomba vatema. "Dzidziso Hawking," sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi, akaita revamped makore akawanda pfungwa masayendisiti 'pamusoro mumwena matema zvakasikwa.

Pakutanga basa iri dzidziso kudzidza, kufanana vazhinji navo, akataura kuti makomba mutema kuparadza zvachose zvose inowira kuti mavari. Ichi ruzivo gangaidzo akasara muchiuto uye masayendisiti munyika yose. Zvaidavirwa kuti chero nzvimbo nzvimbo midziyo, pamwe kunze kurema, hazvisi.

Kuva ndave mubasa kudzidza mumakomba yevatema muna 1975, Hawking akawana kuti vanoramba emit norwizi photons muchadenga uye vamwe zvokutanga inoramba. Zvisinei, kunyange musayendisiti pachake aiva nechokwadi chokuti "Hawking nemwaranzi" riri asingashumbi, nezvimwewo. pakutanga musayendisiti British vaifunga kuti nemwaranzi ichi hazvirevi atakure ruzivo.

Zvisinei, ari kupenya unhu pfungwa - kukwanisa kuramba nechokwadi. Hawking akaramba tsvakurudza uye akawana kuti kwemvura ine makomba vatema (kureva, kuti Hawking nemwaranzi) ndiro quantum hunhu. Izvi zvakaita kuti akwanise kugumisa kuti mashoko paakasvika dema buri asina kuparadzwa uye kushandurwa. Pfungwa yokuti mamiriro mugomba nguva dzose, ichokwadi kana tikafunga kubva nemaonero vasiri quantum wefizikisi.

Tichifunga quantum yokuti, kuti Vacuum yakazara nezvimedu "rakapotsa" kuti emit minda mumuviri zvakasiyana. vanopenya kuchinyanya dzinosiyana nguva dzose. Kana zvava simba kwazvo, zvakananga kubva Vacuum pamusoro chiitiko jengachenga (muganhu) of Mwari bh anogona kuzvarwa PARTICIPLE-antiparticle yezvinoita. Kana zvachose simba rimwe chete PARTICIPLE iri zvakanaka, uye wechipiri - akaipa kana zvacho vawira dema buri, vanotanga kuita zvakasiyana. Negative antiparticle anotanga kuderedza simba asara Mwari bh, uye zvakanaka PARTICIPLE ruchigona kusaverengeka.

On chikamu izvi sechinhu kwemvura, achibva dema buri. Hazvina kwemvura ichi uye anonzi "Hawking nemwaranzi." Masayendisiti akawana kuti ichi "kwemvura" mashoko asina kururama ine yayo kupisa, vanooneka mano, chakarondedzera, mumwe tembiricha.

Hawking nemwaranzi, maererano musayendisiti, zvinopupurira chokwadi kuti havasi vose ruzivo inorasika uye haarambi nokusingaperi buri dema. Ndiye chokwadi kuti quantum wefizikisi hunoratidza kuti hazvibviri zvachose kana kurasikirwa ruzivo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mashoko akadaro, kunyange ari dzakachinjwa chimiro, rine Hawking nemwaranzi.

Kana masayendisiti dzakarurama, kare uye nezveramangwana makomba matema anogona kuongororwa uyewo nhoroondo dzimwe nyika.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti osiyana yokuti tinogona achipfuura nguva uye dzimwe universes vachishandisa makomba dema. Kuvapo Hawking mwaranzi kunoratidza kuti chero chinhu yaita gomba, akadzokera muchadenga chedu muchimiro achinja mashoko.

Haasi masayendisiti ose zvaitendwa kuBritain yefizikisi. Zvisinei, ivowo kudenha vavo haana kugadzirisa. Nhasi nyika yose iri kumirira mabhuku matsva Hawking, mu hwaakapikira zvizere uye zvinogutsa kuzosimbisa zvinhu sezvazviri munyika yavo kwesayenzi kutsausa dzidziso.

The zvakawanda kuti masayendisiti akakwanisa kuwana Hawking nemwaranzi ari yezvirwere. Izvi zvakaitika muna 2010