Hemostasis - chii? zvaipesana hemostasis

Vazhinji vedu aifanira kuongororwa kuti hemostasis. Chii uye nei uchifanira kuongorora here? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu anofanira kutanga tsanangudzo chii dzedu kweropa maitiro uye chii zvigadziriswe vari kushanda mariri.

Mashandiro hemostasis rokutanga

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti ropa redu - ndiyo zvakare rejira, chete mvura. Inoitwa plasma, izvozvo ndera nemvura maatomu akafanana, uyewo masero matsvuku eropa, chena ropa masero uye maplatelet, izvo riri plasma sezvazvakanyorwa raizosungirirwa. izvi zvose ichi- chinokambaira guru uye zviduku arteries, mutsinga uye capillaries kuunza okisijeni kuti masero, simba uye achiita boka zvimwe mabasa. muenzaniso kwakadaro Simplified dzedu kweropa hurongwa. Zvakakosha kuti ropa rakanga rworudyi kusachinja-chinja. Kana zvinondiremera gobvu, clots ropa aumba. Asiwo, kana zvakare mutete, munhu anotambura ropa rakawanda. Inoramba ropa redu pane optimum ezvinhu vakasikwa yezvakaita ezvinhu, aizivikanwa hemostasis. Rudzii maitiro uye chii mashandiro basa raro?

Mashandiro hemostasis chechipiri

hemostatic hurongwa zvikuru kunzwisisa. Mukuwedzera vaine kutsvakwa ropa viscosity uye fluidity, rinotipa ronda kuporesa (kumbomira ropa) kuti maronda uye zvimwe vascular kukuvara. Masvingo yokupedzisira vari kuumbwa vatatu akaturikidzana pamusoro rinenge chimwe nechimwe anoita basa rekuona ndima anotsvedzerera ropa nomuviri. Kana paine chikonzero chinoita, kuvimbika mudziyo rusvingo raputsika uye ropa nenhokwe mukati pakakoromoka, uye munhu anovhura kubuda kweropa. Kurudzivisa kunokonzera muviri gadziriro coagulation ropa, kana hemostasis. Iye mhando mbiri - nesekondari.

Primary hemostasis: nayo

mhando iyi kumira ropa inonzi vascular-platelet hemostasis. The mashandiro basa rayo kunoratidzwa kukonzera spasm ngarava dzaparadzwa, ayo aienda uye blockage kuti "Makwanza" maplatelet. The mugove dzaparadzwa aumbwa goko, ropa amira. Vanhu vanoti, "ropa clotted." Nokuti vaya vasina matambudziko hemostasis, muitiro zvinotora kusvika maminitsi 3. mashandiro Its kuita zviri sezvinotevera. Pamasvingo mudziyo pedyo ronda kunotanga adhesion, kureva deposition, adhesion pakati maplatelet. chimiro chavo anova woita, uye pamusoro pemvura yakatesvera panyanga dzacho kuoneka uye pezvakaitwa kuti anopa hwakasimba nevamwe maplatelet. Zvinoguma Bonding pamwechete (aggregation), uye chakaumbwa kuti platelet chivhariso. Muna 1 ml ropa kunofanira kubva 150 kusvika 300 zviuru utano platelet yakarurama chimiro. Zvikasadaro pakugwamba muitiro iri kuvhiringidzwa.

Chii hemostasis yechipiri

Glued maplatelet vanotanga secrete kupinda ropa vanoshingaira chaivo uye makemikoro kukonzera constriction ngarava madziro paumbwe yechipiri kusingarapiki chokuedza. Panguva imwe chete platelet chinokonzera inomira kunze anokosha nokuda pakugwamba enzayemu thrombin, izvo zvinozoita kunokanganisa paumbwe fibrin mapuroteni. The fibers of puroteni ndivo hwaro ropa clot. Unhu zvemarudzi samambure umo tangled matsvuku masero uye ropa masero machena. Fibrin Rinobva imwe puroteni - fibrinogen. Kuti huwandu ropa, vape ropa hemostasis. Chii - fibrinogen - uye chii kukosha kwayo? mapuroteni ichi ane basa rinokosha mune kweropa. nekumwisa Its chinokonzera thrombosis, uye kushaya - ropa. Ndeyokuva kubva 1.5 kusvika 3.0 g / L fibrinogen. Kana zviri kupfuura 4,5 g / L, pangave zvirwere zvevanhu zvakadai tibhii, sitiroko, chemwoyo, kenza, mabayo, yokuSpain, uye nezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira kwazvo kutsva, kuvhiyiwa, kushandisa dzimwe mishonga. Huwandu mapuroteni kanenge 1,5 g / L chikonzero cirrhosis, DIC, hepatitis, myeloid neleukemia, toxemia, chikamu cesarean panguva wakurukura, polycythemia, nenyoka, B12 kushaikwa uye vhitamini C.

Mashandiro hemostasis rechitatu

The chokupedzisira. muchikuvadza zvokuporesa - fibrinolysis, riri kukonzera hemostasis. Chii? Fibrinolysis ndiko kuparadzwa plugging ropa clot nokudzosa ropa riyerere kuti ukama nemidziyo ropa. Kubva masekonzi yokutanga ronda apore uye kutanga kweropa iri yeplasma kusashanda enzayemu plasminogen. It pave puroteni plasmin muchinamatira fibrin, uye pamwechete nayo, uye ropa clot. Pakati thrombus inotungamirwa uye kuparadzwa kunofanira nepakati, izvo chinopa hemostasis. Sezvaunogona kuona, ino ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru. Kukundikana kunyange zviduku kwayo zvaIsau kunotungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa yose uye cheni zvirwere zvakakomba.

Kutyora hemostasis. Chii uye sei kuziva

Pane zvinotevera kutyorwa:

- yakawedzera pakugwamba ropa (hypercoagulable) inotungamira kuna kwatangwa paumbwe thrombi muna arteries, mutsinga, uye nhengo dzomukati. It hwakazara zvakakura ezvinhu akadai sitiroko vachiri vaduku, kakawanda kupfupfudzika vakadzi, pfungwa chirwere (kunokonzerwa thrombosis ari arteries uropi), uye vamwe.

- Kuderera kweropa (hypocoagulation), iyo inotungamirira kuupenyu vaingoerekana kubuda ropa. It kunoitika muna hemophilia, of Willebrand chirwere, ropa platelet kukanganisika kana Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga, chiropa chirwere, kushomeka pakugwamba zvinokonzera thrombocytopathia.

- DIC, umo mune mhando coagulation.

Kuti tizive chikonzero abnormalities muropa pakugwamba, vanopedza hemostasiogram (coagulation), kana hemostasis kuongorora. Chii? Izvi kuongorora kwakaitwa kuvakadzi vane mimba, varwere pamberi kuvhiya, vanhu vachitambura nezvirwere zvomwoyo uye ropa midziyo, uyewo varwere abnormalities ropa pakugwamba. Coagulation ndiye nechigadziko, iyo anosarudza hematocrit, Chizenga, nhamba yose ropa zvinoita uye zvimwe zviratidzo. The mhando chechipiri coagulation - unoratidzwa, kugadza kazhinji vanhu vane abnormalities ropa uye pamuviri.

Hormone hemostasis sezvo nzira yokurapwa

Vamwe vakadzi vane kumwedzi hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, kutungamirira rinorema kubuda ropa kwenguva refu. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, shandisa hormone hemostasis. Chii? Nzira rinoshandisirwa kuti kurapwa vakadzi vaduku, vari kunze zvirwere zvakadai fibroids, ovarian namamota, endometriosis. Kune nzira nhatu hormone hemostasis - estrogen, progestin uye zvakasiyana. Inonzi estrogen ndiyo inonzi estrogen majekiseni intramuscularly. mazuva maviri kana matatu okutanga yavanobata ose maawa 2.5-3. Munyaya Mazuva akatevera dose iri shoma. Mushure zvokurega ropa kuchatsiviwa estrogens uye progestins kuita kurapa pamwe hormone nevamiririri. Progestogen nzira inoshandiswa kana varwere havana zvakakomba kupererwa, decompensated cirrhosis. Its chinangwa - kutanga pamwero mahormone umo simba parinorambwa endotherm carpeted uterine mhango. Kwakafanana nzira iyi ingashandiswa HCG hemostasis uchishandisa gonadotropin.

Hemostasis panguva pamuviri

Pamuviri kunokonzera zvakawanda kuchinja muviri mukadzi. Mumwe wavo - kuwedzera kwenhamba maplatelet uye, somugumisiro, zviri viscosity kweropa. Izvi zvinoitika vasiri muitiro, anokonzerwa kugadzirira kuuya muviri genera. Zvisinei, kana yakawandisa aumbwa maplatelet, mumwe anogona vanotaura thrombophilia, mamiriro inotungamira kuti paumbwe clots mumidziyo ropa. Thrombophilia ndiyo kugumiswa pamuviri, fetus kukura retardation, toxemia nezvimwe matambudziko. Saka zvachose zvakakodzera kuita bvunzo kuti hemostasis panguva yepamuviri. Izvi zvinorevei uye kana tichifanira kuita? Zvakanakisa, kana ichi kuongorora akabata vasati pakunambwa kudzivirira matambudziko anoitika akatakura mwana. Ongororo iyi rinoitwa kuti 14 points, uye zvinopa mufananidzo yakarurama mamiriro ropa. Kana dzakaonekwa abnormality, chiremba anogona mishonga. Asi ichi hachisi zvakakodzera. Dzimwe nguva zvaakazvionera zvakakwana pamusoro simba pamusoro kutsaudzira.