History of Economic Ndakafunga

Nhoroondo sayenzi zvoupfumi kwenguva refu uye akapfuma. Vanhu vane nguva dzose kuziva kwemasayendisiti zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga kukanganisa kubudirira kwavo.

Nyaya nhoroondo dzidziso zvoupfumi zvinoumba nzendo paumbwe upfumi, wake makuru-nguva chidimbu kukura uye kuchinja. uyewo Inoongorora muudzame chikuru zvataurwa zvoupfumi pfungwa chikuru pane imwe nguva.

Zvinosuruvarisa nyaya ino haigoni aenderane nhoroondo yose upfumi pfungwa. Zvinoita chete kuratidza kiyi nzendo kukura zvikoro uye zvitaera kubvira makarekare kumagumo kwezana remakore rechi19.

History zvoupfumi dzidziso chinotanga Aristotle uye Plato oedza zvimwe systematize mashoko anozivikanwa kwavari munzvimbo iyi. Kunyanya chipo chinokosha chinoitwa Aristotle. Akatanga akadana zvoupfumi nesayenzi, taidzidza zvoupfumi mabasa, kwakasimbiswa imwe dzidziso mitengo, uye mutengo mari.

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti 'upfumi "Tinowana kuna Xenophon - wenhau uye munyori kubva Ancient Greece. The zita ine mashoko maviri, vane ukoshi yaisanganisa pakati "mutemo zvoupfumi utariri."

History of Economic Ndakafunga rinobatanidza pamwe weboka basa uye mukutsinhana pakugadzirwa nzanga upfumi rose mhiri mamiriro. Izvi zvinoratidza kudikanwa mukuziva upfumi munyika yose. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 A. Montchretien kubudisa bhuku iri enyika zvoupfumi yakaratidza kuti chinangwa chikuru kugadzirwa kuti kuchinjanisa, uye akapa yokupedzisira zita rejaya nesayenzi. Nyanzvi iyi, uye Zhan Batist Kolber, Thomas Maine, I. T. Pososhkov - vamiririri mercantilism, zvikuru zvoupfumi kufunga panguva. At mwoyo kubudirira rwacho, vaona kuunganidza anokosha simbi.

Mumakore iwayo chete, pane pakatarisana nemaonero, iyo inotaura vateveri kuchikoro of Physiocrats. Vaidavira kuti chete basa vashandi vakagara pasi kunogona kuunza zveminda kuti nokure mari. All mamwe mabasa chete mubasa kubudiswa zvokudya, isingabereki chinhu chitsva.

Uye, chokwadi, nhoroondo hupfumi pfungwa hazvifungiki pasina Classics nemasayendisiti kwakadaro, sezvo Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste uti, David Ricardo. On nyaya zhinji vakanga akasiyana, asi paivawo inoverengeka prerequisites kuti vakabatana navo. Saka, vakadana kuti hurumende kuti haana kupindira zveupfumi pezvakaitwa uye akapa munhu zvoupfumi rusununguko akabvumira kukwikwidzana zvakasununguka. Human chido (sezvo nyaya zvikurukuru zvoupfumi) kuwanda upfumi kwenyu hazvo rinobatanidza boka chokuwanziridza nefuma kuti nzanga yose zvayo. Adam Smith ainzi kuzvipira kuchinja mashandiro hwenyika kuti "ruoko asingaoneki." Saka anotungamirira vaburitsi vatengi kuitira kuti kuchengetwa upfumi zvakanyatsoenzana. Zvakadaro hurongwa haagoni kurarama kwenguva kwemabasa, aigadzira nhumbi yemuraudzo kana dhefisiti hakutombonzwiki. Vateveri Adam Smith, uye aidavira kuti kwete bedzi zvokurima anosika upfumi ndudzi, nebasa uye mamwe makirasi.

Chokwadi chokuti musika upfumi riri kushandiswa kwavana, akasika dzidziso Karl Marx. It kwaibva mari basa uye vaifunga kuti pfuma vanhu ibasa varwi. Pasina kubhadhara nokuti basa vashandi vanhuwo, ivo capitalists kuita purofiti yakakura uye nokudaro nzanga inobudisa kupinda makirasi maviri, vapfumi nevarombo. Uye mukati capitalist gadziriro hazvo kutanga chimurenga yacho proletariat. In tsika, dzidziso yacho German Economist haina yasimbiswa.

Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, Alfred Marshall akava muvambi neoclassical negwara. Iye akaratidza kuti zvakanaka vaburitsi vatengi kusvika kunonyanyisa wayo chete apo vatambi yemari achagona kukwikwidzana zvakasununguka.