How kuverenga mugiredhi simbi

Achitaura pamusoro unhu munhu, shandisa epithet kuti "simbi", inorevei indomitable hunhu, akasimba kuda, kana kubata, izvo hakusi nyore kukunda. Steel tega kuti Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye yakavimbika zvenhengo nematurusi uye nezvombo. Zvino, haagoni kuita pasina simbi iyi.

Chii - the simbi uye sei zvakasiyana resimbi? Musiyano chikuru nouipi, mukuru pakati pavo - kabhoni. Kuitira kupa dzinokosha ehupfumi nesimbi iri chiwanikwa inowedzerwa dzimwe zvinoriumba.

Mugwaro chete hwendarira munyika dzakasiyana dziri akasarudzwa zvakasiyana. Zvinosuruvarisa kudaro inokosha nyaya rwakafanana dhinomineta haisati yasvika.

Panyika yose yaimbova Soviet Union, pamwe kunze kuBaltic States, akashandisa alphanumeric Codes maererano raivapo kare mamiriro mitemo. Kwakadaro tsanangudzo mugiredhi simbi iri nyore chaizvo uye unonzwisisika, chirungamutauro rinoreva chikamu kugutsikana nouipi, uye tsamba - makemikari maatomu akafanana.

Steel mamakisi bani, mukati umo mune chete simbi uye kabhoni, inonzi STRUCTURAL. Dzinomirira nyore, Article 2 Somuenzaniso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kabhoni mairi 0.2%.

Qualitative unalloyed simbi ane zvakafanana yeEncoding, asi chikamu kabhoni chichiratidzwa maviri digitaalinen zviratidzo zvakadai St.08.

Kana simbi inoshandiswa nokuda pagadzirwe midziyo, izvo zvichaita kuti kushanda pasi kumusoro kumanikidzwa, ipapo inokosha zvaanoda. Sezvakaita tiine unhu STRUCTURAL simbi, kaviri-digit kubva muzana, asi muna akawedzera tsamba "K" (somuenzaniso - St.12K).

More kunzwisisa metallurgia nziyo dziri mapoka mapoka - paku, kuvaka, ngura uye zvichingodaro. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri chokuguma, asi wakajairika tsamba pakunzi alloying zvinhu zvakadai nickel (H), chromium (X), mhangura (D), tungsten (V), manganese (T), molybdenum (M), nesilicon ( C), cobalt (K).

deoxidation nzira iri kunooneka mune Coding steels. Nokudaro, "kunyarara" zvinoratidzwa mutsamba SP, "Semi-vakaurayiwa" - PIS uye "Kubika" - KP.

Yakapambadzirwa steels vane chiratidzo refu, iyo inosanganisira tsamba digits. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kana kusachena zviri zvishoma pane nehafu muzana nhamba haina basa. Saka, bumbiro remitemo 10 X2 M-W chaizoreva kuti simbi ine 0.1% kabhoni, 0.2% chromium uye asingasviki 1,5% molybdenum. Panewo tsamba "W", iye anoti kuderedzwa phosphate tigutsikane. Kana pane zvakanga "A", zvingava kubata nesarufa. mavanga aya anoratidza okuwedzera unhu unhu.

Structural simbi foundry pana pakuguma tsamba "L".

Constructional waida simbi ine pasi goho, zvinoratidza tsamba "C" vamire pamberi. Litera, vamire shure, akati mamwe ehupfumi (T - a kupisa akasimbisa, K - nokuti ngura kuramba).

Kutsunga steels yakakodzera kugadzirwa maturusi, akatakurirwa tsamba "Y", iro anoiswa pashure miviri-digit chikamu kabhoni, semuenzaniso U8.

Panewo Stainless simbi. Brands, kufanana 08X18H10T tsvaka sezvinoita yakaoma Cipher, asi chaizvoizvo ndiro musimboti sezvo ari chiwanikwa STRUCTURAL alloys. It hairevi chinokosha zviitiko apo mabhii tanzi nokukudzwa zvinomera, kokutanga kuti ndokunzwa simbi chaizvo ehupfumi.