Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana simbi. Tsananguro zviratidzo

Steel - kupfuura dzakawanda boka zvacho akashandiswa, uye Kunyora kunoenderana kupatsanura veboka.

Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana simbi

Tsanangudzo chiratidzo rinotanga kutsunga boka zvikuru kuti kuenda. Kusiyanisa mapoka steels: STRUCTURAL, kuvakwa, chishandiso, chaizvo ehupfumi (kupisa nemishonga, kupisa nemishonga uye yakakwirira-simba).

Of STRUCTURAL simbi kugadzirwa muchina zvikamu, akakungurutsa, welded kuvakwa. Danho, sezvo zita rinoreva, anoshandiswa kweShanduro machine chokushandisa. kuti turusi steels A chinokosha - mukuru-nokukurumidza, vari aiendeswa kubudiswa panguva yepamusoro mitoro. Construction simbi inoshandiswa zvikurukuru welded zvivako, vane yakaderera (0.25%) kabhoni kugutsikana. In mashoko sezvamunoita rakafanana kuvakwa.

STRUCTURAL simbi

In ayo akafanana, zviri akakamurwa chiwanikwa uye kabhoni, kureva kuti, nemashoko anokosha yokuvirisa uye pasina pavo. The chiwanikwa simbi anofanira ine kanenge 45% yesimbi. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ndechokuti kuvapo extraneous isiri esimbi kuchena mune Pamusana chiwanikwa - sarufa, phosphorus nevamwe. Pane avo zvishoma raiva, nani vaiona simbi. In zvachose mune mapoka unhu 4:

Panoperera rokuti anogona Zviine mhando chiwanikwa deoxidation (deacidification - nokubviswa okisijeni kubva simbi nziyo): achibika (KP), Semi-vakaurayiwa (PS), kunyarara (SP). "SP" The indekisi Kazhinji kwete zvinoratidzwa.

Kazhinji, kuti decoding steels enzvimbo Groups doped, zvinogona achimiririrwa sezvinotevera:

- [kabhoni kugutsikana] [alloying zvinhu] [deoxidation nzira] [mashoko okuwedzera], sezvamakaropafadzwa kabhoni tigutsikane yakanyorwa hundredths ane muzana.

Alloying zvinhu zvinoratidzwa sezvo mubatanidzwa lettering uye uwandu iri kubva muzana. Kana zviri chinhu ari chiwanikwa idukusa chimwe muzana, mari kusingajekeswi. Pari inclusions anotevera notation rinoshandiswa: .. N - nickel, X - chrome, C - silica, titanium - T, manganese - T, U - aruminiyamu, etc. Somuenzaniso, simbi 09G2S rinoumbwa 0.09% kabhoni, 2% kubva manganese nesilicon mune imwe mari inenge 1%. Uyezve, pane mamwe zviratidzo steels, achiongorora zvaive kwavari sezvinotevera:

1. "W" pakutanga - simbi kubereka.

2. "L" panopera - ndarira foundry.

3. "A" pakutanga - simbi automaton.

4. "E" pakutanga - magetsi simbi.

Oga oga chivakwa muchiso steels. Decryption iri sezvinotevera: pakutanga, kuti tsamba "C" akateverwa zvibereko mupfungwa. Letter "K" zvinoreva shanduro makemikari anoumba, "T" - chafariz nokuomesa.

Chichatara steels inokosha ehupfumi zvakafanana Kunyora STRUCTURAL chiwanikwa.

turusi steels

Asati rokuti, tsamba "Y", zvichiteverwa kabhoni chikamu chiduku (shoma huwandu kabhoni Hachifaniri asingasviki 0,7%). Danho steels uyewo STRUCTURAL uye akakamurwa kabhoni uye chiwanikwa, asi vane mapoka maviri bedzi yepamusoro - yepamusoro uye high quality. Kana yechipiri, muzita, tsamba "A" pakupera izita. The tsamba "D" rinoratidza refu zviri manganese. Achiongorora zvaive steels chokuita HSS mudziyo, siyanei. Pakutanga pane pakunzi rese - tsamba "P" (kubva Chirungu rokuti "nokukurumidza" - kutsanya), zvino nhamba inoratidza chikuru chinoumba alloying - tungsten (ake rokuti tsamba Haatauri).

Note nevira steelmaking

For yepamusoro alloys pakupera kurondedzera nzira kubudisa steels, decoding kugadzira nzira dzinoturwa pazasi. Codes aya akaiswa pakupera rokuti: VD - vacuum chinhu chakakombama; W - electroslag; EL - Erekitironi danda; VI - vacuum induction.