HweBhabhironi nhamba maitiro: nhungamiro nemienzaniso

, The yeBhabhironi nhamba hurongwa yakatanga zviuru zvemakore isati yechiKristu, aiva mavambo kutanga masvomhu. Pasinei kwayo akwegura kwazvo, zviri indecipherable nevatsvakurudzi kufukidzwa zvakavanzika zvizhinji Ancient East. Nesuwo ikozvino yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora kare uye kudzidza kufunga sei yekare.

Key Features

Saka, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chaunoda kuziva - hweBhabhironi nhamba kwava positional. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhoroondo nhamba iri kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe uye nekuburuka kurongeka. Pakutanga ndewe ane zana, ipapo gumi nevaviri, zvadaro chimwe. Izvi zvakakosha chaizvo kuti samhu vekare, uyewo Egipita, somuenzaniso, maitiro akanga nonpositional, nenhamba pakati akanyorwa mune runobva nenzira, izvo zvakakonzera kuvhiringika. Chechipiri chine - kuBhabhironi sexagesimal hurongwa aivapo cyclical. Countdown rinoguma pamusoro nomumwe mashanu, uye kuramba nyaya dzinotevedzana nhamba akacherekedza mumwe muboka idzva, uye kutsikisa rinotanga zvakare kubva chikwata. Kazhinji, kuBhabhironi nhamba gadziriro isina kuoma, kunyange vanogona kudzidza wechikoro.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Zvinozivikanwa kuti reBhabhironi umambo yakavakwa pamusoro matongo vaviri masimba makuru - kubva Sumer uye Akkad. Kubva pemarudzi aya akasiya zvakawanda nhaka netsika, iro nokungwara kukuru vaBhabhironi. SevaSumer ivo chikwereti sextuple nhamba dzakatevedzana, umo iripo sandara, ukuwo Akkadians - vemakumi. Nokuva nokubudirira wamadzibaba avo, vanhu rutsva vakava creators ari sainzi itsva, iyo pakuzivikanwa se "masvomhu". Babylonian sexagesimal akajekesa kuti chinzvimbo - rinokosha chaizvo chinhu rekodhi nhamba nokuti paya Roman, Greek uye sezviverengo Arabic vakasikwa maererano musimboti ichi. Kusvikira zvino, isu kuyera kukosha vamakumi, kana nokuvaudza nhamba panhengo. Kusvikira Senary kutenderera, tora Kutarira raundi Watch.

Nhamba veBhabhironi

Kuti nomusoro nhamba dzinotevedzana vaBhabhironi vekare, pakashandwa nesimba havazofaniri kushandisa. Masvomhu vaishandisa digits chete maviri - munhu wehunyambiri achikanganisa, amire kuti kubatana, uye "nhema" kana zvido zvevanhu achikanganisa kuratidza yakawanda. nhamba dzakadaro vane zvimwe pamwe Roman, apo pane pematanda, zvikwekwe uye michinjikwa. Uwandu wedges siyana akaratidza vemakumi anoverengeka uye zviyero neimwe tsime. Zvakadaro Nzira yekuverenga kwakaitwa kusvika makore 59 okuberekwa, pashure izvo nhamba asati anyora itsva wehunyambiri achikanganisa, iyo nguva ino aionekwa sezvo 60, uye zvinoyerera yaiitwa sezvo duku pfungwa iri pamusoro. With kwayo zvombo kuhondo, vagari reBhabhironi umambo vasiye kusimba refu uye kunzwisisa nhamba, vatambi. Zvakanga zvakakwana kuti nhamba nezvitura befu uye wedges duku dzaiva pakati pavo, achangogara akava pachena, nhamba iri pamberi penyu.

kwemasvomhu akavhiyiwa

Zvichienderana nokuti Bhabhironi nhamba hurongwa akanga positional, kuwedzera uye kubvisa kuitika yaizivikanwa kwatiri zano. Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti nhamba digits, pamakumi uye ndidzo nhamba neimwe uye zvino wedzera navo kana kutapudza kubva yakakura zvishoma. Sezvineiwo, uye chokuwanziridza nheyo panguva yakanga yakafanana nhasi. Kana zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vawande nhamba duku, kushandiswa akadzokorora Uyezve. Kana ari muenzaniso maiva matatu kana kupfuura digit nemifananidzo vakanakidzwa chaizvo tafura. VaBhabhironi tega muzvizhinji chokuwanziridza matafura, mune imwe neimwe mumwe zvinhu yakanga rinotsanangurwa gumi (20, 30, 50, 70, etc.).

Kubva madzitateguru kune vakararama

Waverenga izvi, iwe zvichida vari kushamisika, "sei Bhabhironi nhamba gadziriro, mienzaniso izvo zvaishandiswa vekare uye nezvinangwa yakasvika rakafanana zvakarurama pamaoko matongo ano?" The ndechokuti kusiyana nedzimwe dzomunyika vaishandisa enhokwe uye scraps jira, vaBhabhironi vakashandisa evhu zvakanga zvakanyorwa zvose zvavo vaita, kusanganisira kwemasvomhu matongo. nzira iyi inonzi "ecuneiform", sezvo yakachena nevhu zvikuru Vakarodza chipande anoratidza vatambi, nhamba uye nenhamba. Panopera mahwendefa akanga aomeswa uye ukapisa murwi ari yokuchengetera zvinhu iri vakakwanisa kurarama kusvikira nhasi.

Achiratidza

In mufananidzo pamusoro nomufananidzo tinogona kunyatsoona chii rinomiririra uye sei kunyora kuBhabhironi nhamba hurongwa. Photos ivhu pamahwendefa, izvo zvikasikwa kare, zvishoma rakasiyana nzira yemazuva kutaura "manotsi", asi pfungwa ndewokuti. Bhabhironi chidzoke wemasvomhu rakanga chisingadzivisiki chinhu, sezvo mubudiriro uyu aiva mumwe aitungamirira munyika. Vakavaka zvivako zvikuru pamusoro nguva idzodzo, zvaisambotarisirwa nyeredzi matongo uye kuvaka upfumi, nemhaka iyo hurumende rakava raibudirira uye yakabudirira.