Iko mari yakawanda sei inobhururuka inoratidzwa mupasipoti yemotokari uye ndeyani nhamba yavo chaiye

Iyo inowedzera simba yemotokari, iyo inowedzera muridzi wayo kuripa bhajeti rehurumende nenzira yebhadharo nemabasa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kune vakawanda vanoda kufamba nekutsanya, uye vanozvikudza vachitsanangurira vagari vepfuma vashoma kuti mabhiza akawanda anotsika sei pasi pe "hero" yavo. Kana mumwe munhu ane makumi matanhatu bedzi, zvino iyi inenge iri motokari duku, asi zana inenge yakatonyanya. Zvakaitika sei kuti injini inofungidzirwa muzvikamu zvemufambisi wemhuka?

Kugadzirwa kweWat uye kukwidziridzwa kwayo kumusika

Izvo zvose zvakatanga nekanguva yezvakaitika kare, iyo yakagadzirwa naJames Watt motokari yake, iyo yakagadzirisa kuchinja mumhepo yekugadzira injini (1772). Kubva pane zvakaitika kare, zvakaratidzirwa nehuviri hwechiito, izvo zvakakonzera hupfumi hwayo nekushanda kwakanakisisa kubata. Injiniya imwe neimwe inofarira kuwana huwandu hwehupfumi hunobva pakubudirira kwake, asi humwe hutsika hunoonekwa pamusika nekuchenjerera. Dambudziko iri raitarisanawo naWat, uyo akakumbira mhepo itsva yezvikepe kune vatengi vemigodhi yemarasha. Zvadaro "PR-teknolojia" yakanga isati yavandudzika seyizvino, munhu wese akagadzira kushambadzira kunofamba zvakasununguka. Zvakazoitika kuti James Watt ane tarenda kwete chete mumagetsi. Akazviratidza semugove ane ruzivo, achishandisa nzira ikozvino yakashandiswa zvikuru yekuenzanisa.

Nzira yekufananidza steam nebhiza

Nekuda kufarira iyo injini yemhepo yechiito chechipiri chevatengi vemazuva ano, Watt aifanira kusiya zvigadzirwa zvepanyama uye zvehutano. Mavari, vafambisi vemigodhi vakanga vasina kunzwisisa chero chinhu. Vashandi vaifarira chinhu chimwechete: rudzi rwebatsiro chiyero ichi chichaunza kwavari.

Kusimudza mazimbe panguva iyoyo kwakaitwa nekutasva bhiza. Sezvo akaratidza zvakajeka kuti mabhiza akawanda angatsiva sei motokari yake, Watt anogona kunyatsopokana nharo yezvemari yekuwana kwayo.

Pano isu tinofanira kufungisisa kuti mhuka yakawanda yakanga yakakura zvikuru kushandiswa mumabasa ekudzika pasi, saka pidhoni dzaishanda mumigodhi. Izvi nenzira inobatwa mumaoko aWatt (mumapuroti, sezvamunoziva, bhoazi yakareba kwenguva refu). Zviyero zvinogona kuitika zvinoshamisa.

Iyo nzira yekururamisa kwezvemari uye tsanangudzo yeununiti hwekuyera

Muumbi mukuru uyu aifanira kuzvikanganisa pachake kuoma yakaoma kuverenga kwechinguvana uye kuita masvomiti pamwe chete nekucherechedza mhuka nevatambi. Akaverenga kuti, paavhareji paminiti, mutoro wemapirogiramu zana (zvishoma pane 80 kg) pony inomira kune yakakwirira mamita anenge 55). Kuwedzera mairi mairi mairi, Watt akawana chigadzirwa chakaenzana ne 32,580 lb-ft, ndokukomberedza kusvika ku 33,000 kuti kuve nyore kuverenga.Zvino zvakanga zvakafanira kuisa mishonga, kuongorora kuburitsa kwayo, kuitanidza ne 33,000 uye kunyorera mahara. Zviri nyore uye zvakajeka. Pombi yakagadzirirwa neWat machine inogona kutora imwe nhamba yemabhiza. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehupfumi hunowanika kune chero mupi wezvinamatoti ane ruzivo pamusoro pemari yekuchengetedza poni, mari dzavo nezvimwe mari. Kuenzanisa kwakaratidza kubatsirika kukuru kwemhepo iyo ichienzaniswa nebhiza. Kufambira mberi kwakakunda.

Pony zvakare ibhiza

Pamusoro pekuti sezvo semuenzaniso usingashandisi mazai akazara, asi ma poni, pane nguva yakafanana yakanganwa. Asi mushure mezvose, mabhiza akasiyana - uye madhara, uye mabhiza, uye Savraskiwo zvake. VaAmerica vakazopedzisira vapa "mizinga" yavo: maererano navo, rimwe bhiza rine simba rinokurudzirwa nemhuka inorema kg kg 750, ichikwira pamusoro pechipingamupinyi chemuchinjikwa chikamu chikamu pamwe nechepakati pe183 cm (American Scientist magazini). Sezvo pasina munhu aikwanisa kunyatsojekesa chaiyo, izvi zviyero zvakabva kupi, tsanangudzo haina kutora midzi.

Zvisinei, kuedza kwaWatt kwakaratidzwa nefizikiki uye injini. Vakapa zita rake kune unit of power, kwenguva yekutanga munhau, vachiidana nezita remuumbi. Zvakaitika muna 1882, Amperes uye Volts vakanga vachiri mberi. Yakasara kuti ione kusanzwisisika kuti mabhiza ainzi Watt akawanda sei.

Ndeupi musiyano pakati peAmerica neEurope horsepower

MuEurope yose (kusanganisira umambo hweRussia), simba rakarongedzwa nenguva iyoyo kubva kune imwechete system unit - kilogram ye simba, uye kasi inoyerwa mumamita kwechipiri. Izvozvo zvakaitika kuti 1 litre. With. Yakanga yakaenzana ne75 kgf · m / s. Zvino chiona kuti mabhiza anosvika 1 kW akabatanidza, zvaive nyore. Kuenzanisa zviyamuro zvakagamuchirwa zvenhoroondo, maitiro emagetsi akaverenga kuti 1 litre. With. Inopindirana kusvika inenge 735.5 W (kunyanya kunyanya - 735.4988) mumatric system yezviyero.

VaBritain neAmerica vanoshandisa simba ravo uye zviyero zvavo, saka vane chimiro chakasiyana nechedu. MuU.S., bhiza ishoma "yakasimba", inofungidzirwa pa 0.745699871 kW. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira sarudzo iyi haibatsiri mugumisiro, musiyano nematric 1 lita. With. Inongopfuura imwe chete muzana.

Marketing Tricks

Nhamba yebhiza - chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoshambadzira pakushambadzira pavanotengesa motokari. Kutenga motokari ine simba, vakawanda vatengi vanofunga kuti ivo pachavo vanosimba, uye vatengesi havasi kukurumidza kuvadzivisa, zvakasiyana zvachose. Kunyangwe kana injini ichinyatsoenzaniswa nejini yekurwisana neHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, ndinoda kuti mufananidzo uve wakasimba. Kunyengedza vanhu, hongu, hazvisi zvakanaka, vanogonawo kuisa iyo, asi iwe unogona kuyera simba nenzira dzakasiyana. Nzira huru dzekuwedzera pfupaji yepasipoti idzi mbiri:

1. "Net-measure". Iyo nzira ndiyo inowanzoitika, kunze kwekuti injini inomhanya pachigadziko, pasina mufler, uye chete pamutauro wekutarisa. Kana zvinhu zvose zvakabatana nazvo, pasina izvo hapana motokari inogona kutyaira, kureva kutapurika, jenereta, fanti redhiyator, nezvimwewo, ipapo, kana zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwekuyera, simba rinogona kusiyanisa nechechi chechishanu. Muchikamu chiduku, hongu.

2. Fuel "tricks". Kusarudza kuti yakawanda sei mabhiza anogona kupa injini, yakazadzwa neyepamusoro-octane peteroli, iyo inongoitika chete mukutengeswa kwepachena. Mune dzimwe nyika, kunyange kuputika kwemhepo kunotengeswa kwema brand 100 kunotengeswa pamagetsi, uye izvi ndizvo zvinoshandiswa automakers (zvikurukuru Japanese) kushandiswa. Zvinokwanisika kuti kutengeswa kwepetori yakadaro kunotsigirwa navo, nokuti mutengi wevashambadziri haatombodiwi, asi chokwadi chekuwana kwacho kusununguka kunobvumira kuongorora injini mumatambudziko ekutsvaga uye kuwana mhinduro dzakakwirira.

Izvozvo ndizvo zvinotengeswa. Uye zvakadaro hakuna kunyengera, vose vakatendeseka.