Iri raiva Satellite wokutanga kupinda Earth muchadenga

Early kwematsutso mangwanani muna 1957, uye kutaura zvazviri musi October 3, pane ari Baikonur Cosmodrome kanda motokari munyika yokutanga chakagadzirwa Earth Satellite nokungwarira mune wehunyambiri chinzvimbo. Nzira kwayo musoro mugumisiro basa rakawanda nemapoka akawanda yose Soviet Union. Kunyange akanga maawa makumi mana macheki, fixings uye kufara, asi pakuonekwa imwe spaceship ratova makanyatsomudzidzisa zvimwe chivimbo kubudirira nyaya yakadaro zvakaoma. Yakanga yakanaka. Kunze chena chando, uye yose chitundumuseremusere, zvichikuchidzira pamusoro pengarava motokari, vakamira pedyo, akafukidza nechando, unopenya akafanana nedhaimani guruva.

PS-1 wokutanga Satellite Soviet, uye atova nouta chikepe chakanga diki (achirema makirogiramu asingasviki 84), bhora-zvakaumbwa, ayo dhayamita raiva 580 mm. Inside mairi, yaoma senitrogen mhepo, ndizvo wemagetsi Unit, izvo angaita zvakare nyore maererano nezvinodiwa nokubudirira vanhasi. Asi regai kugumisa - on chubhu chinhu chawo uye zvakarurama kunzwisisa algorithm rakatangwa kushandisa zvokuimba otomatiki namano. Apo kwomwedzi wokutanga chakaparadzaniswa inotakura ayo, rikabuda zvina Pin antennas ichipa yakatsiga aibuda redhiyo chiratidzo zvose kumativi. Dzokumabvazuva nzvimbo mudziyo vari muchadenga, ipapo yaiva chiyero vakurumidze uye directionless emitters rwakapedza dambudziko nyevero pasi mabasa negadziriro uye nzvimbo muchadenga.

DzeShona vakanga rave maviri watt wokutepfenyurisa, pashure demodulation raiva inzwi chiratidzo ari muchimiro "nokuputsanya", uye panyaya kana basa dzimwe nodes rava kanganisika, "beep" kuti kazhinji yakarira. Nevamwe redhiyo amateurs vanodana vaifanira kupupurira kuti wokutanga Satellite zvechokwadi hunenge rirambe riri mugwara raro.

The midziyo inodiwa zvinoenderana wakaoma ndivo mperaturnogo rudzi, uye zvitsigiso midzi feni Heaters.

Wokutanga kwomwedzi orbited motokari R-7, panguva ichangobva, aiva pakavanda remitemo "kuramba 8K71PS". Yakanga chete wechishanu chombo kanda, akasikwa KB, akatungamirirwa SP Korolev. Huru uye chinangwa chayo - chokuendesa zvombo zvenyukireya, chinangwa - yeAmerica. Asi ichi muedzo unyanzvi uye akawana rugare kushandiswa - kuunza Satellite vokutanga pedyo-Earth nzvimbo.

General Designer Zvaisava nyore kuti abvume kurapa kudiwa nzvimbo kutiza, uye kana kuti vakakundikana, kuisa zvakasimba chaizvo deadlines. Basa shumiro dzakasiyana uye madhipatimendi rwaiitwa panguva imwe chete, zvikuru yakanga isingazivikanwi, uye unyanzvi zvakangonyuka ivo vasimuke uye matambudziko. Yokutanga kwomwedzi akakwanisa kumisa nepurogiramu.

Nenguva 10:28 pm Moscow nguva, musi 4 October, kuti chitundumuseremusere akabhururuka kudenga, uye nokukurumidza TASS vakazivisa Implementation nechiroto refu-amire wevanhu vose - akaenderei emapoka kure akava mukana chaiyo, rikaratidzwa uchidzidzira.

High pamisoro vaigara panyika nendege nyeredzi shoma, wokutanga Satellite. USSR akava kumusha kwake, masayendisiti, mainjiniya uye vashandi - ne creators ayo, uye kwakanga kusina muganhu uchifara vose vanhu, vanonzwa kubatanidzwa kwavo kubudirira.