Iwe Christian: mifananidzo uye mosaics. Basa Christianity mu mifananidzo

iwe Christian akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha, nekuti kubva pakutanga kwayo kukuru mifananidzo yakawanda yakanyorwa, uyewo mosaics ari dingindira yechitendero. Nhoroondo Christianity ane makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri, panguva imwe chete riri rimwe zvitendero zvenyika matatu. It yaiva kukanganisa munhu nyika, nokuti zvose izvi nguva kuvaka zviuru machechi uye temberi pose. Chanaka yavo vakashanda pamwe vemifananidzo zvikuru zvizhinji, saka unogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti chitendero uye uri vari zvakanyatsobatana kwazvo.

Western Art

Kutaura zvazviri, kupararira kwechiKristu kwakaitika pasi akasiyana ezvinhu kuMabvazuva uye West, saka mu muri paiva kusiyana. Somuenzaniso, chiKristu chiri unyanzvi kwemifananidzo uye mosaics muWestern Europe yakanga sezvazviri chaizvo, ivo vaimbi ikoko vakasarudza kupa zvisikwa zvavo vaifanira mwero veracity.

Kwakadaro kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti mhando zvachose itsva uri - Art Nova. It kunoratidzwa ndechokuti icon anenge vanova mufananidzo wenguva, asi pamwe dingindira wechitendero, nekuti Painters vakataura pamusoro nyaya vhangeri, kuedza zvakarurama kuratidza zvose, kunyange zviduku mashoko.

Art Nova uye Jan Van Eyck

Nokuti uri umwe akabata itsva uri pakati East Europe, apo runyoro kwemifananidzo uye mosaics wava nzwisisa uye zvechitendero-rakavanzika chirevo. Izvozvo ndozvakaitika kuNetherlands muzana remakore rechi15. Wokutanga painter uyo akasarudza anoratidza mufananidzo une chokuita nechitendero, akanga Jan Van Eyck - zvaakasika mufananidzo Arnolfini.

Kutaura zvazviri, aiva budiriro panguva, nekuti vanhu vakanga kutanga kuratidzwa hwemazuva zvakatipoteredza kwavari pasina chero nechimiro chokureva dzechitendero. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo kuparadzana pfungwa dzakadai chitendero uye unyanzvi, hazvibviri. Asi, kana iwe kutarira vacho iwe pamufananidzo, zvinokwanisika kuchengeta pamberi Mutsvene zvose menyika. Somuenzaniso, pazuva rokutanga chandelier makenduru yakavhenekerwa, mumwe chete - ndiwo uchapupu rakavanzika kuvapo kwayo inoshamisa iri Arnolfini vachangobva kuchata kamuri.

Kwokufananidzira mune mifananidzo uye mosaics

Basa Christianity mukudzidza hazvigoni kurerutswa Chaizvoizvo yava akaumba tsika yose kare emakore uye akachinja nemaonero zvake. Panyaya iyi, runyoro manyorerwo mifananidzo uye mosaics zvishoma chairwo, uye kunzwisisa zvose kunge zvisingaiti kana kwete pfungwa wepfungwa uye zvechadenga tsika.

Chirevo iri multilayered uye kazhinji zvakaoma kunzwisisa, nokuti anonyanya aida nechokwadi kuti vateereri yaitirwa nokushingaira. Iconography - iwe Christian - iri akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya chose pamwe zviratidzo, dzisiri nyore decipher, vanofanira kunzwisisa iri nzwisisa chechetere.

achiongorora zvaive zviratidzo

Kutaura zvazviri, kana tikafunga zvavaisiita chinhu, chiratidzo pacharo richava "achitarisa" kwatiri. Chero zvazvingava, unofanira kufunga zvose zviratidzo vechiKristu, uyewo canons, wakange achibata ushe unyanzvi kuMiddle Ages. Ivo aikwezva manzwiro munhu uye kuti subconscious yake, uye kwete kufunga. Sezvo tsika imwe chiratidzo angava mashoma, Saka, tichifunga icon anofanira kusarudzwa ndiye asingadi kupikisa manyorerwo uye nomweya yaitonga ichi, mukuru kuti, uyewo nguva.

Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nhamba, kuti nhamba 7 inomirira vakakwana uye kukwana chiito. Pashure zvose, pane nomwe manotsi, zvivi nomwe zvinouraya, mazuva manomwe pavhiki kana nomwe unhu.

Meaning of nemavara kwemifananidzo uye mosaics

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mavara zvinoshandiswa runyoro kwemifananidzo, blue ruvara chiratidzo UKURU zvomudzimu, isinganzwisisiki chakavanzika nekuzarurwa kudzika. Golden ruvara anogara kunofananidzirwa Runako kubwinya kwaMwari rwakabva pamusoro vose vatsvene. Ndokusaka goridhe ruvara ane pakanyorwa icon, richipenya rakanga nezvaJesu, unovhenekera zvose zvakamupoteredza, rimwe denderedzwa rechiedza yavatsvene kana zvakafanana nguo kubva neMhandara Maria naJesu. Izvi, maererano Painters, anobudirira zvikuru nzira youtsvene kunosimbisa chokwadi kuti venyika kusingazununguki uye kusingaperi tsika.

ChiKristu akapa yeyero ruvara uye mumwe Nezvezvaifananidzirwa - isimba mukuru wengirozi. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vari pfungwa kuti rinongova amirire goridhe.

Kunyange iye zvino, tiri pfungwa kuti ruvara ruchena rinomiririra kuchena uye kusava nemhosva. Izvi zvinonzi kuita naMwari nyika yakakwirira, saka nguo yaJesu, uye vose vakarurama zvachose chero mifananidzo kana kuva wezvidimbu kuratidza chena. Kurondedzerwa kupfuura muenzaniso panyaya iyi rwiyo "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira."

Akasiyana zvachose chena ruvara rasviba, saka kukosha kwaro ndiko Zvakasiyana - ndicho daro kunonyanyisa Ishe, kubatanidzwa mugehena, kana dema anogona kufananidzira kusuruvara, kusuruvara uye neshungu.

Blue Artists vakaedza kuratidza kuchena uye kururama, saka rinonzi Ruvara Mhandara.

Red nguva dzose wairatidza munhu ane simba uye rakakura simba. Red ndiye ruvara wamambo, saka zvakanyorwa nguo yakadaro Arhangela Mihaila, uyo ainzi mutungamiriri chehondo yekudenga, uyewo St. George, akanga Kumukundi nenyoka. Asi izvozvo hunhu aiva zvinopfuura chimwe rinoreva, saka aigona kureva kunyange kutenda kana chinoyananisa ropa.

Kazhinji kuwanikwa rwegirini pendi mufananidzo, nokuti kusvikira zuva rino chiratidzo husingaperi, maruva husingaperi. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iye anonzi ruvara Mutsvene.

Nemasaini mu mifananidzo

Vose vanonyora mifananidzo nezvezvakanaka protagonists dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri wavo mifananidzo uye mosaics. iwe Christian - pakakurukurwa nyaya iyi akatora nyanzvi nguva yakawanda, saka kukanganisa mavara anoshandiswa, asiwo nhengo dzomuviri, avo pakunamata uye dzvene zvaanoreva.

Somuenzaniso, kana munhu ruoko aimanikidzwa muchipfuva chake, zvino nguva dzose zvaireva Achimunzwira tsitsi. Kana ukazvikudza, raiva chinyararire kudanwa kana kudaidzwa kuti vatendeuke. Kana ruoko vanoratidzwa noruoko, pamwe nokuteerera uye kuzviisa pasi chanza akazaruka, ipapo mhando iyi. Kana maoko rwakatambanudzwa mberi uye anosimudza zvishoma, izvozvo zvinogona kuva nekukumbirira nyika, rubatsiro, kana kuti chiratidzo pakati chikumbiro.

Kana maoko vose aimanikidzwa pamatama aro, ipapo zvaireva kuti munhu ari kutambura uye kusuwa. nemasaini akadaro rakajairika, asi chokwadi, kune dzimwe, izvo rinorondedzera dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kunyange ruzivo nenyanzvi.

ChiKristu mu muri akanyatsojeka nehanya kunyange zvinhu vanoratidzwa mumaoko kuzvidhori evanhu. Somuenzaniso, muapostora Pauro kazhinji anofananidzirwa neEvhangeri muruoko. Ndoda kazhinji anoratidzwa aine bakatwa muruoko rwake, iyo yaimiririra Shoko raMwari. Petro, dzinoratidzwa ndechokuti akanga anoratidzwa pamwe kiyi mumaoko hwaMwari. Plants - zviratidzo chiKristu mune - Uyewo zvakajairika, saka Vakaurawa vachiratidzwa ane davi romuchindwe, nokuti chiratidzo kuva hweKudenga. The Muporofita Kazhinji akaramba mumaoko mipumburu nouprofita dzavo.

Language kuvake

Art kubva nemaonero chechiKristu ari "kuenderera" Vhangeri. All nemasaini, zvinhu uye mavara kuti kuonekwa pamusoro icon, vakabatana usingarondedzereki-siyana simba izvozvo inongorira. mhando iyi mutauro mifananidzo, pamwe yatiri akavingwa vanatenzi vekare, kuedza kuwana zvishoma mukudzika mweya womunhu uye kufungisisa chinoshamisa zvinoreva kutenda kwechiKristu. Sezvo makarekare zvakanzi vaidavira kuti maziso - girazi kwemweya, saka kuti vaimbi vari kushingaira kushandiswa.

Pane kuva kuti vatambi vavo zvikuru kuratidza zvavari zvakananga inokanganisa kukura chiso, zvichiita kuti ziso zvakawanda. Maererano navo, vakadaro ichanyanya pamusoro pameso, uye vateereri kunzwa kuti vari kupfuura soulful.

Changes kuti mufananidzo chiso kwevatsvene

Nechekare kubvira muzana remakore rechi15, muna Rublevskie nguva, tsika iyi ikanyarara. Asi, pasinei nokuti maziso vanoratidzwa vemifananidzo havasi kudaro guru uye languid, vachiri vaibhadhara zvikuru nguva yakawanda uye kutarisirwa. Uyezve, pane zvakagadzirwa akawanda. Somuenzaniso, Feofan Grek ichifananidzwa vasande kwemifananidzo yavo isina ziso nezvigadziko, kana kungoti nameso angu akavharwa. Nenzira iyi, akaedza kuratidza kuti meso vatsvene agara chakabatikana kwete yenyika munhu, asi kuti kufungisisa wenyika rokumusoro, munyengetero yomukati, vairatidza kuziva chokwadi chaMwari.

The inofananidza yavatsvene pamusoro kwemifananidzo uye mosaics

Munhu wose kutarisa icon, vakaona make kuti vatsvene akatarira vamwe chiedza chaizvo, sokunge dzaiyangarara mumhepo. A ndozvinoitawo akanga nokuramba vemifananidzo nokuti waimiririra zvitsvene mufananidzo hazvikoshi gobvu pane vamwe vose, vanoukwevera nemnogosloyno yavo, pamwe zvikuru miforo uye rwakatambanudzwa.

A kwenzira yakafanana yakanga nokusika ari Fafitera pfungwa nenyama uye kushaya physicality mitumbi yavatsvene, kukunda bulkiness yavo. Sezvo akaronga, izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti sokuti kuyengerera pamusoro pasi, uye zvakafanana inofanira kuva zvakananga mashoko kubva vakachinja mamiriro, uyewo pakunamata.

Yaitwa icon uye Zvarinoreva

Pasinei nokuti nechepakati chikamu mufananidzo kwagara munhu, uye ari zvakare rinokosha kumashure unoratidza shure kwake. Kazhinji, vemifananidzo uye vakaedza kuisa zvimwe zvarinoreva, nokudaro kukurudzira evanofarira kune refu kufungisisa chakavanzika, ivo aida kutaura.

Inonyanyoshandiswa vanoratidzwa makomo, makamuri, miti siyana, izvo pamwe chete vanoumba Kuronga nzvimbo yakanaka. Kana vanoshamba kupinda rokufananidzira zvinorehwa izvi zvose, makomo inomiririra zvakaoma uye minzwa nzira womunhu Jehovha Mwari. Kutaura zvazviri, zvifananidzo munhu miti vakapa kukosha. Asi, zvakadaro, pomuouki, iyo kazhinji vanoratidzwa, kwagara chiratidzo husingaperi. Vine uye ndiro riri kumashure vaionekwa zvimiririre chibayiro chaJesu Kristu kuti yokuyananisa, asi njiva - chiratidzo Mutsvene.

Paumbwe Chirevo chiKristu

vatendi vakawanda vanoti sakaramende chiKristu vakasikwa kubva-unoparadza zvose mhirizhonga muchihedheni. Ndokusaka muri yechiKristu yave kuwana chero yunifomu chimiro. Zvinoita sokunge vakasikwa kubva dzakawanda duku zvidimbu. Vamwe vanotaurwa yakatorwa nomumwe chitendero kwechiIslam Art vechihedheni. Saka zvino Ages ounyanzvi inogona Classified kwete chete nokuda parameters dzakadai Eastern uye Western Europe, asiwo vamwe vakawanda. Fine art nguva ipi nzira vasingagoni kusiya nhaka kare, zvishoma nezvishoma achiishandura kuva zvinhu zvitsva. Sources zvouMwari tsika mifananidzo matsvene zvachose vakarasika kwatiri munhau, murima dokonstantinovoy yaitonga. Pakati prototypes, izvo chokuita tsika iyi zvakananga, rinonzi mufananidzo Kristu pamusoro chifukidziro kana vesselinav pamusoro uyo kurasika iri musaga Constantinople muna vairwa muhondo dzemachechi ake. No kukosha ndiyo nzira mufananidzo Our Lady, iyo anonzi kuna St. Luke. Nderechokwadi zvifananidzo izvi ndiwo mubvunzo hombe, asi, zvakadaro, vari vakabudirira kushandiswa emakore akawanda. Jesu neMhandara Maria vanoratidzwa nenzira sezvazvakatemwa chinorondedzerwa zvakanyorwa zhinji rezvapupu apfuura emakore - iyi yechiKristu Anti-chiKristu mune zvakafanana.