Izvo utachiona vari utachiona? Utachiona uye vanhu

Pakati zviuru zvigare zvinogona kuonekwa seshamwari, zvinopa anokosha muviri wedu, uye zvikuru vavengi. Izvi upenyu siyana vari rakakamurwa utachiona, nemavhairasi, notumwe uye majemusi. Dzimwe nguva tusingaoneki date zvabatanidzwa neshoko "tupukanana". Mabhakitiriya ari causative vaishandira zvirwere zvakawanda, mamwe marudzi vari nengozi kuti upenyu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, avo zvipenyu kurarama mumuviri womunhu, nekusiyana, kubatsira masimba kukunda mabasa avo.

Utachiona, mamiriro avo

Utachiona anonzi protists. Vane diki (0.5-10 microns) uye yakasiyana chimiro. A yesero zvipenyu izvi rine Kamudzira uye cytoplasm. Cell Kamudzira inoita basa rinokosha muviri pamwe zvakatipoteredza. Cytoplasmic Kamudzira zvakasimba kuti goko uye rinoumbwa mapuroteni, lipids uye makemikari. Hazvina basa muitiro vachibvisa uye kupinda keji zvinhu, sezvo osmotic chipingamupinyi. The chikuru chinoumba chinhu cytoplasmic mapuroteni. Ndiyo apo kwemasayendisiti simba kuti anopa rinokosha rinoitwa nemasero. Utachiona regai zvamatonga musimboti. fuma yenyukireya Panzvimbo nechipo rine RNA uye DNA.

Makemikari anoumba masero

The chikuru chezvinonhuwira kuti kwemabhakitiriya sero - ndiyo mvura. Zvinotora 80% of zvachose kurema microorganism. Zvisinei, mune kusawirirana ayo kugutsikana zviri zvishoma - vanenge 20%. Vazhinji utachiona zvakakwana zvakanaka akashivirira nokuderedza uwandu mvura (nokuomesa). Panguva metabolic pezvakaitwa vari seiyi, uye vasisipo kuwanda. Uyezve, muna masero zvinosanganisira mapuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta, uye zvicherwa, uye nucleic acids.

mabhakitiriya mufambo

masero Chirwere kuita kufamba nemhaka muviri unokosha - the flagella. Izvi dzakaonda shinda-kufanana inotungamirwa, nhamba uye nzvimbo dzavo siyana. ukobvu yavo vanenge 0.01-0.03 microns. Muchiitiko chino, ziva marudzi anoverengeka. Kana imwe flagellum uye riri imwe kunyanyisa - utachiona dzakadaro inonzi monotorihami. Micro-zvinenge umo mumwe matanda iri svinga flagella - monopolar lofotrihi. Mabhakitiriya avo, umo matanda vanoiswa matanda, rinonzi amfitrihami. Asi kana flagella rakafukidza pepasi muchitokisi, izvozvo peritrichous. Imwe nzira kufamba mabhakitiriya - pitikoti. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti izvi zvinoitika nokuti masero vari kuderedzwa richidzoka.

How ruchikonzera tusingaoneki. sporulation

The nzira kubereka mune utachiona ndiyo chaizvo nyore. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti sero rinokamukana huviri, richisvika imwe saizi. Kutanga chinoshanda, ipapo munhu transverse partition, anogadza masero akasiyana namatanda. Kana pave kugonesa ezvinhu, utachiona weboka anogona kuitika maminitsi 20 ose. Asi ruzhinji zvipenyu zviri vakaurayiwa chiito kwezvakatipoteredza. Nokuti wakashandiswa kutamisa vanoshorwa ezvinhu mabhakitiriya anogona kuumba spores. In mamiriro ichi, vanokwanisa kuramba zvokurarama nazvo zviuru zvemakore. Kunyange yekare mummies kwemabhakitiriya spores dzawanikwa. Vari kuumbwa mukati marudzi akawanda; mukati, pakati kana pakuguma keji.

Morphology mabhakitiriya

Zvichienderana chimiro utachiona ndiyo Classified kupinda marudzi anotevera:

1. Ball. Mabhakitiriya aya ndiwo causative vaishandira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinosanganisira staphylococci (mazambiringa vane chimiro), streptococci (refu fomu chain). Recent tusingaoneki ndiwo anokonzera anogumbura pezvakaitwa uye zvirwere zvakadai angina, otitis, mabayo. Staphylococcal Mabhakitiriya ndiwo causative vaishandira alimentary turakiti zvirwere, purulent pezvakaitwa. Mumiriri kupfuura ngozi - anonzi Staphylococcus aureus.
2. Rod-zvakaumbwa. Izvi mhando ane humburumbira chimiro. Kazhinji vanoumba spores. tusingaoneki vakadaro anotaurwa bacilli. Mabhakitiriya aya ndiwo causative vaishandira nechigwadara.
3. Zononoka. Yakasvika zita raro nokuti chimiro pamwe swirls. Izvi zvinosanganisira spirilla kuti vano- isingakuvadzi muviri. Spirochetes kuonekwa sezvo mutete yakakoswa neshinda. Zvinozivikanwa kuti utachiona izvi - utachiona kubva njovhera.
4. Vibrio. The vamiririri muchikwata ichi vane zvishoma curved chimiro. Vane nevamwe chepfungwa: asi causative bacteria husingakwanisi alkaline kwezvakatipoteredza. Kukonzera zvirwere zvakadai sekorera.
5. Mycoplasma. A chiri ichi mhando ndiyo kusavapo foni membranes. Kunze hondo muviri, havana vanokwanisa kushanda. Mubvunzo worudzii chirwere utachiona vari Mycoplasma utachiona ndiyo mhinduro nokururamisira nyore: ivo kunyanya kutsamwisa chimiro nezvirwere mombe kana zvirimwa.

korera

Mumwe zvirwere zvikuru ngozi ndiyo korera. Zvinokanganisawo zvomudumbu maitiro uye kunokonzera kwazvo kudhaka. Ndezvipi Mabhakitiriya ndiwo causative vaishandira korera? Utachiona uhwu dzakafukurwa naRobert Koch. Vibrio cholerae ane chimiro zvishoma curved tsvimbo. A pachena chinoratidza mabhakitiriya izvi - kumusoro mufambo. Vibrio cholerae anopinda diki ura uye paine wakaiswa. Ikoko zvibereko mapuroteni muchetura, zvichiguma havachanyatsogoni mvura-munyu nechiedzo, muviri zvikuru tasara tisina mvura. Ichazivikanwa Mabhakitiriya husingakwanisi alkaline kwezvakatipoteredza, asi nokuda kwavo zvinokuvadza acid. Uyezve, pasinei nokuti tembiricha pasi vari akavatakura zvakanaka, Kubika anouraya Vibrio cholerae pakarepo. Kusvibiswa zvichida kwaaita murwere, kuburikidza zvokudya kana mvura. The incubation nguva iri 5 mazuva.

chibayo

Kuzvimba mumapapu - chirwere asi chakakomba chinogona kukonzera rufu. Kunyanya kuoma kubereka vana nemabayo. Zvingaita kuti kwete chete utachiona. Mhinduro yomubvunzo wakadii mabhakitiriya ndiwo causative vaishandira chirwere, chinozivikanwa: asi pneumococcus (90%). Uyewo vakatsamwisa kuonekwa anogumbura maitiro staphylococci (anenge 5%), uye Streptococcus spp. Utachiona riri nasal ndima nepahuro.

Vakawanda Zviratidzo nemabayo - nefivhiri, kupfupika mweya, mukuru kudhaka pamusoro muviri. Chimwe chezvinhu ngozi ndiyo intrauterine nemabayo. It kungamutsawo boka B streptococci, anonzi Staphylococcus aureus. Kazhinji chirwere ichi kunoitika somugumisiro okutambura besa. Chirwere nemabayo ari kubatwa antibacterial zvinodhaka. In Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, akadai mudiki murwere muchipatara kunokosha. Sezvo nzira muzvidzivirire kushandisa kubaya kukurudzira pamukaka kusvika mwedzi mitanhatu (chete mukaka). Zvinokoshawo kutevera utsanana uye akachena mhepo indoor.

chlamydia

Zvakatonyorwa chete achangobva dzatangwa kuti chokuita chlamydia utachiona. Chii chirwere utachiona vari utachiona kwemarudzi? Kutanga, vanogona kukonzera conjunctivitis, ziso, urogenital utachiona, trachoma. pamusoro Chlamydia A chinokosha kunokonzera nemabayo uye rikwanise noutachiona kufema. Kamwe ari musero, tusingaoneki otanga. Yose kutenderera zvinotora maawa anenge 72, zvichiita mumasero tagovera kuparadzwa. Kunyanya ngozi chiri chirwere chakadaro vakadzi. It anobatsira basa rinokosha iri paumbwe mbereko. Kana paiva chirwere pamwe chlamydia mudumbu, pane mukuru mukana rufu. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuenda kuburikidza kutsvakurudza usati kuronga pamuviri, sezvo pane kazhinji kudaro chirwere kunoitika bezsimptomno.

Mange nezvimwe zvirwere

Kazhinji, amateurs vari kushamisika kana utachiona - utachiona scabies. Zvechokwadi ichi handizvo. chirwere ichi, scabies, zvinosimudzira pamuShuramiti, izvo uchikurukura ganda anotanga nokukurumidza muwande, zvichikonzera kuvaviwa. Uye pano ane kuomesa chirwere ichi - pyoderma, kureva purulent lesion ganda - kungaita utachiona cocci boka. Sezvo kurapwa akashandisa chaiwo mafuta okuzora, uye disinfect mbatya uye wakarukwa.

mubvunzo Urgent izvo mabhakitiriya ndiwo causative nomumiririri nehepatitis B? Kazhinji, hepatitis - zita Generic kuti anogumbura chiropa chirwere. Nemavhairasi nokuvadzidzisa advantageously. Zvisinei, pane kwemabhakitiriya chiropa (pamwe leptospirosis kana njovhera). Leptospira, Treponema - mabhakitiriya ndiwo causative vaishandira nehepatitis.

Chimwe chirwere chakakomba - marariya. Maperembudzi chakasvitswa vanhu kuburikidza zvipembenene ikaruma (nemarariya Umhutu). Zvinonzi achiperekedzwa fivha, vakawedzera chiropa kukura (uye zvichida chirwatata), mukuru tembiricha. Kana nguva hakutangi kurapwa, izvozvo zvingaita kuti rufu. Utachiona - utachiona genus Plasmodium marariya. To musi, pane 4 mhando zvigare. Chinonyanya ngozi anogona kukonzera marariya tropica. Sezvaunogona kuona, utachiona vari utachiona, vane zvakakomba yematambudziko uye zvinoda kurapwa.