Ksantoproteinovaya kwomusikirwo mapuroteni: zviratidzo uye mutoo mukana wokuti vanhu vanga

Kuti asimbise mashoko Qualitative Zvinoumba zvokudya zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa ksantoproteinovaya pavakanzwa puroteni. Kuvapo anonhuhwirira amino acids vari kunovhengana zvichachinja seshamwari bvunzo mharidzo ruvara.

Chii mapuroteni

It anonziwo puroteni, inova chivakwa zvinhu zvomuviri mupenyu. Mapuroteni kuramba tsandanyama saizi, vadzorere akuvara uye akafa zvinyama Zvivako siyana nadzo, ingava bvudzi, ganda nemarunda. With dzavo kupindura, unobereka matsvuku corpuscles, hunodzorwa chakaipa kushanda hormone zhinji uye zvirwere masero.

Ichi kunzwisisa Morekuru riri polypeptide ane guru kupfuura 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons. Protein mamiriro Anoumba amino asidhi residues mune vakawanda akabatanidza peptide chisungo.

Sechivako mapuroteni

Nevamwe chinoratidza zvinhu izvi ichienzaniswa yakaderera samolecular kurema peptides ndechokuti vakava noushamwari-dimensional matatu spatial yakarongeka, vakatsigira migumisiro vane kunosiyana inosiyana kukwezvana. Mapuroteni nhaka mana chivako. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachake zvachiri.

Sehwaro chezvinhu kurongwa mamorekuru yaiwana amino iine acid urongwa, mamiriro ayo anoona ksantoproteinovaya pavakanzwa puroteni. maumbirwo uyu nguva nenguva achidzokorora peptide chisungo -HN-CH-CO-, munhu anosarudza chikamu radicals ndivo divi maketani amino acids. Ivo vanotsanangura zvimwe zvivako zviri pafuma rose.

The chikuru mapuroteni Murongerwo anonzi simba zvakakwana, izvi imhaka pamberi simba covalent aiita ari peptide kusungwa. Paumbwe nekutambira siyana anowanikwa zvichienderana unhu akaisa mukati kutanga kwekupwanyiwa.

Paumbwe yechipiri mamiriro zvinogoneka nokuda nokuvhiringidza amino iine acid kutevedzana ari zononoka, umo rehydrogen zvisungo unosimbiswa pakati muchichinjana.

Tertiary chechetere sangano mamorekuru inoumbwa nokushandisa mumwe zononoka panorumwe zvimedu pamwe panowanikwa zvose zvinobvira kubatana pakati pavo, pamwe rehydrogen, disulfide, covalent kana Ionic akakura. Zvinoguma kushamwaridzana dziri globules.

The spatial nokurongwa tertiary hurongwa nokuumbwa kwemakemikari zvisungo pakati pavo inotungamirira paumbwe okupedzisira chimiro Morekuru kana quaternary siyana.

Amino acids

Vanovata zvemakemikari ehupfumi kwemapurotini. Pane zvikuru amino acids anenge 20 vanoumba polypeptides yakasiyana kutevedzana. Izvi anotaurwa chisingawanzowaniki aminocarboxylic asidhi ari muchimiro hydroxyproline uye hydroxylysine yaiwana zvinokosha peptide.

Sechiratidzo Kuzivikanwa ksantoproteinovaya mapuroteni maitiro, kuvapo zvimwe acids amino anotipa ruvara kuchinja reagents, zvichireva kuvapo dzakananga hurongwa vari sezvamunoita yavo.

Somugumisiro, havana carboxylic acids kuti kwakaitika kuzvitsinhanisa rehydrogen atomu pamusoro amino boka.

Muenzaniso nemamiriro Morekuru tishandire kuva STRUCTURAL inonyatsoita glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) sezvo zvisiri amino acid.

Panyaya iyi mumwe hydrogens CH ₂ - kunogona chikatsiviwa kabhoni yakareba zvikuru dzine munhu benzene mhete, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

Ko ksantoproteinovaya akaita

For Qualitative Kuongororwa kwemapurotini vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Idzi dzinosanganisira siyana:

• biuret pamwe nechitarisiko Violet ruvara;
• ninhydrin kuumba rwebhuruu-Violet mhinduro;
• formaldehyde pakatangwa yakatsvuka;
• Nogier kuti precipitate vachena-dema ruvara.

Paaiita nechimwe nzira akaratidza kuvapo mapuroteni uye kuvapo mamwe mapoka dzichipfekeka mu Morekuru yavo.

Pane ksantoproteinovaya pakarambwa puroteni. It rinonziwo nokuparara Mulder. Rinoreva kuti ruvara kuita kuti mapuroteni, umo mune anonhuhwirira uye heterocyclic amino acids.

A chiri chakadaro mharidzo kwacho ndiko nitration iine acid nitric cyclic amino asidhi residues chidimbu accession ari nitro boka kusvika benzene mhete.

Mugumisiro izvi ndiko paumbwe nitro yeimwe, izvo chiito. Ndicho chikuru chinhu ksantoproteinovaya kuita.

Chii akatara amino asidhi

Havasi vose aminocarboxylic asidhi dzinogona kuonekwa muchishandisa muenzaniso akadaro. The chikuru chinoratidza ksantoproteinovaya mapuroteni Detective maitiro - pamberi benzene mhete kana mhete heterocyclic mune morekuru amino acids.

Nekuti puroteni iri kure aminocarboxylic acids maviri anonhuhwirira umo pane boka phenyl (nokuti phenylalanine), uye hydroxyphenyl kukuru (mu tyrosine).

With ksantoproteinovaya kuita akatsunga heterocyclic amino iine acid tryptophan, indole ane anonhuhwirira neerekitironi. Pamberi apa yeimwe ari puroteni anopa maitiro ruvara yekupindurwa bvunzo kwezvakatipoteredza.

What Kushandisa reagents

Nokuti kuita maitiro ksantoproteinovaya vanofanira kugadzirira 1% mhinduro kubva zai mapuroteni, kana muriwo mavambo.

Kazhinji kushandiswa zai, iyo yakakamurwa kuti mamwe kupatsanurwa puroteni kubva mondo. Nokuti 1% mhinduro mapuroteni yakanga rakasanganiswa ari zvakapetwa kagumi huwandu kucheneswa mvura. Pashure pokufa zvichizoita mapuroteni mvura inofanira yakasvinwa kuburikidza wandei akaturikidzana pakati cheesecloth ea. Izvi mhinduro zvinofanira kuchengetwa nenzira inotonhorera nzvimbo.

Zvinokwanisika kuita maitiro ane muriwo mapuroteni. Kugadzirira mhinduro inoshandiswa furawa gorosi iri chitsama 0,04 makirogiramu. 0,16 L kuti kucheneswa mvura. Zvokubikisa vakanga kusanganiswa chinu riri yakasungirirwa kwemaawa 24 ari inotonhorera panzvimbo imwe tembiricha vanenge + 1 ° C. Panopera zuva racho mhinduro yabvongodzwa, zvichiteverwa filtration zvayo kutanga donje shinda uye ipapo - pepa akapeta firita. The zvichiguma mvura Raichengetwa inotonhorera nzvimbo. Iyi mhinduro iri kunyanya aripo ari sealbumin hacho.

Nokuti kuita zvakaitwa ksantoproteinovaya sezvo huru reagent akashandisa nitric asidhi conc. Kupfuurirazve reagents zvinorigadzirisa 10% yavaibvisa hydroxide kana amoniya, kuti gelatin mhinduro uye unconcentrated phenol.

Nzira yacho

In yakachena chubhu anoitwa 1% mapuroteni mhinduro -th mazai kana upfu mune imwe mari 2 Rine mamiririta. To izvi awedzera vanenge 9 samadonhwe kuramba nitric asidhi kuti flocculation amira. The zvichiguma musanganiswa yakanga neshungu, zvichiguma yeyero precipitate zvishoma nezvishoma haarambi yaro ruvara achipinda mhinduro.

Kana mvura inotonhodza pasi chubhu porusvingo awedzera vanenge 9 samadonhwe yavaibvisa hydroxide, pfungwa, izvo zvakawandisa nokuda kwacho. The kuita svikiro anova alkaline. Content anova Orange ruvara pabvunzo chubhu.

Zvinoumba

Sezvo ksantoproteinovaya akadana Qualitative kwomusikirwo nitric asidhi kubudikidza Zvakaitwa mapuroteni, mharidzo rinoitwa pasi zvaisanganisira fume krzywa Hood. Cherechedza zvose njodzi patinoungana kushanda kuramba caustic zvinhu.

Kusunungurwa zviri kubva chubhu zvingaitika munguva kudziyisa muitiro kuti zvinofanira kufungwa kana kugadzira pawo wokuisira uye kusarudza mafungiro.

Kuridza runhare kuti kuramba nitric asidhi uye caustic pasoda vanofanira chete kushandisa girazi pipette uye Pears rabha hakubvumidzwi pipette nomuromo.

Hama maitiro pamwe phenol

Kuti zvijeke, muitiro nokusimbisa pamberi mapoka phenyl rinoitwa ane mharidzo hydroxybenzene zvakafanana.

The chubhu kuita 2 ml rakasanganiswa phenol, ipapo zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe rusvingo, Wakawedzerwa 2 ml kuramba nitric acid. The Kugadzirisa zvakaiswa pasi kudziyisa, kwamakadarika rova tsvuku. Uku kuita kunaka pamberi benzene mhete.

Process hydroxybenzene nitrated pamwe nitric asidhi kunoteverwa paumbwe musanganiswa S.-nitrophenol uye iwe-nitrophenol ari chikamu 15 kusvika 35.

Tikaenzanisa bvunzo pamwe gelatin

Kuti aratidze kuti ksantoproteinovaya pavakanzwa puroteni unoratidza amino asidhi pamwe inonhuwirira yakarongeka, shandisa mapuroteni kuti havana phenolic boka.

In yakachena chubhu anoitwa 1% gelatin mhinduro mune imwe mari 2 Rine mamiririta. To izvi awedzera vanenge 9 samadonhwe kuramba nitric acid. The zvichiguma muvhenganiswa iri kushata. Kugadzirisa haana mavara ari tsvuku, iyo kunoratidza kusava amino acids pamwe anonhuhwirira marongerwo. Dzimwe nguva pane zvishomanana yellowing kwezvakatipoteredza nokuda pamberi mapuroteni tsvina.

mushonga equations

In maviri danho maitiro anomhanya ksantoproteinovaya mapurotini. Formula wokutanga Danho nitration kwacho anorondedzera amino asidhi mamorekuru vachishandisa kuramba nitric acid.

Muenzaniso kubatana zviri nitro boka kusvika tyrosine yokuumba nitrotyrosine uye dinitrotirozina. Kana rokutanga kusvika benzene mhete wanamatira mumwe NO ₂ -radical, uye muto wechipiri vane rehydrogen maatomu maviri inotsiviwa NO _2. Chemical payakavakirwa ksantoproteinovaya tyrosine maitiro hunomiririrwa maitiro pamwe nitric asidhi kuumbika nitrotyrosine Morekuru.

Nitration muitiro ari pamwe Kuchinja Hauoneki coloring mu tsvuku matauriro. Patinoita maitiro iyi mapuroteni ane amino asidhi residues phenylalanine kana tryptophan, uye ruvara chemhinduro kuchinja.

Danho rechipiri iri zvingaitwa zvinobva nitration pamusoro tyrosine mamorekuru, zvikurukuru nitrotyrosine, pamwe Ammonium kana yavaibvisa hydroxide. Zvinoguma yavaibvisa kana Ammonium munyu umo yeyero-Orange ruvara. Akadaro maitiro wakabatana zvichiita nitrotyrosine mamorekuru kufamba mune quinoid chimiro. Naizvozvo munyu akaumba kwazviri nitronic acid, ine quinone hurongwa conjugated miviri zvisungo.

Saka anopedzisa ksantoproteinovaya sei mapurotini. Mukana wokuti vanhu vanga anounzwa pamusoro danho rechipiri.

zvabuda

Panguva kuongorora zvinwiwa zviri sepombi matatu, bhuku mhinduro rakasanganiswa phenol. Zvinhu vane benzene mhete kupa Qualitative maitiro pamwe nitric acid. Somugumisiro, izvozvo anochinja ruvara chemhinduro.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, gelatin unotora munhu hydrolyzed muchimiro collagen. Puroteni harina zvine anonhuhwirira nemamiriro amino acids. Havashanduki Ruvara svikiro nokuda maitiro ane acid.

In wechitatu bvunzo chubhu pane zvakanaka sei mapurotini ksantoproteinovaya. Mhedziso ingatorwa sezvinotevera: zvose mapuroteni pamwe inonhuwirira yakarongeka, kana boka phenyl kana ane mhete indole, akapa kuchinja ruvara chemhinduro. Izvi imhaka paumbwe nitro yeimwe pamwe yero ruvara.

Akatakura panze ruvara maitiro kunoratidza kuvapo siyana namakemikari hurongwa mu amino acids nemapurotini. MUENZANISO gelatin inoratidza kuti ayo sezvamunoita zvinosanganisira aminocarboxylic asidhi asina phenyl boka kana cyclic marongerwo.

With ksantoproteinovaya zvinogona kutsanangurwa yellowing ganda kana kushandisirwa nayo yakasimba nitric acid. Chete ruvara achava frothy mukaka panguva yake ongororo zvakafanana.

In kurapwa rabhoritari tsika iyi ruvara yokuenzanisira harishandiswi kuti vasabatwa mapuroteni iri weti. Izvi nokuda yeyero Ruvara weti pachayo.

Ksantoproteinovaya maitiro hwakawedzera kushandiswa quantification kuti amino acids akadai tryptophan uye tyrosine, sechikamu mapurotini siyana.