KuRavensbrück: Concentration mumusasa hadzi

KuRavensbrück (wevasungwa) yakagadzirwa vakadzi. In chikero riri kuonekwa kupfuura wevasungwa vaNazi kuti vasungwa. Nokuti zvose nguva ivepo yaive pamusoro 130,000 vasungwa. nhamba iyi haisi yokupedzisira, sezvo vakawanda vakanga vasina vakanyorwa sechikamu mapepa yakaparadzwa nenhengo SS.

Uyewo, hazvibviri kuti nhamba nevakafa kuRavensbrück. Akadana kwokufananidzira zvinotyisa: kubva 50 kusvika 92 zviuru vanhu.

musasa nzvimbo

Zvayaiva kuRavensbrück (kumusasa wevasungwa) iri kuchamhembe Germany, 90 chete kubva Berlin. zita rake chokuita musha, waiva pedyo. The shanduro chaiyoiyo zita German - "Magpie Bridge". Nhasi, nharaunda iyi ndezvaiye kuguta Fürstenberg.

zvisikwa

KuRavensbrück akatanga kuvapo kwayo nechisarudzo Genriha Gimmlera muna 1938. pamusoro wayo rokuvaka rakanga raitwa vasungwa vaibva kune dzimwe mumisasa. Pakazosvika 1939, mukati makadirwa vasungwa yayo yokutanga. Vaiva 867 vakadzi vakaramba kuwedzera rayo.

Kubvira 1940, musasa akatanga kuonekwa kambani:

• Textile nematehwe indasitiri;
• electrotechnical hanya "Siemens";
• zvechiuto uye maindasitiri.

KuRavensbrück zvakawanda subcamp, dzakanga riri munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

vasungwa

Pakutanga, musasa chaimbova vamiririri Germany, ane maitiro uye nzira youpenyu "kushoora rudzi." Pakati vasungwa vaishingaira varwi nemishonga, vamiririri veZvapupu zvaJehovha uye vakadzi vanoita unzenza.

Pamusoro penguva kuRavensbrück (a mumusasa wevasungwa, mufananidzo zviri mumabhuku edu zvinhu) akamboona vamiririri vemarudzi mazhinji (anopfuura 40). Pakati pavo paiva vokuGermany, danda, mumwe wechigypsy, French, Jewish, zveBelgium, Romanians nevamwe. Kusanganisira pakati munhukadzi vasungwa uye vasungwa vehondo weSoviet.

Maererano kunyoresa mazita pamisasa, paiva vanopfuura zviuru 132 vakadzi (kusanganisira vana), varume zviuru 20.

Mazita vamwe vakadzi vasungwa:

• Dina Babbitt - Czech painter uye muvezi.
• Maya Berezovskaya - Polish Artist.
• Pol Bernar - French Red Cross mukoti.
• Galina Birenbaum - muJudha wokuPoland, munyori, nyanduri.
• Zheneveva De Gaulle-Antonioz - French, mutauriri kurwisa sangano, ari mwana wemunin'ina wenyika President of Fifth Republic muFrance.
• Zhyulett Greko - muimbi French uye mutambi.
• Maria Filomena Dolanskaya - Czech mukadzi, mudzidzisi uye nun.
• Milena Jesenská - Czechoslovak wenhau.
• Philippine Rothschild Sereys - Baroness, muridzi yakakurumbira wemizambiringa Chateau Mouton Rothschild.
• Vanda Yakubovskaya - Polish firimu wokuimba.

Awa mazita mashomanene ezviuru, kudzidza kuti mukadzi wevasungwa akadaro kuRavensbrück.

musasa purogiramu

Pakarepo pamusoro vasvika kumusasa vakadzi vose vaiva chete nzira, pasinei nenguva gore. Varasa kupfeka mumugwagwa, bvudzi ravo, kunhonga zvose zvinhu zvavo uye magwaro. Saka ivo vakamirira jana ravo kugeza, pashure wakakushwa mbatya, makamuri, Winkel achiparadzirwa yemauto.

vakadzi vose vakapiwa mitsetse mapfekero uye emapuranga slippers. In nguo ichi, vakapinda mune chero ekunze. KuRavensbrück, nyaya iyo anowanika netsamba siyana, akanga kunyanya utsinye. vasungwa vakawanda vaimanikidzwa shangu dzose nguva yakafanira kupa frostbite migumo.

Musasa yakashandiswa vaverengwa maitiro uye Winkel. Vasungwa havana mazita, zvakavapo pasi nhamba kuti vasonanidza kuti mapfekero. Above ichi chiratidzo yekubvuma wakaiswa mativi ndiro, iyo yainzi Winkel. Maererano kwayo ruvara anosarudza muchikwata:

• Red - a nemishonga murwi, musungwa enyika;
• shora - muJudha;
• Green - akakuvadza of tsotsi nyaya;
• Purple - Jehovha chapupu (Protestant);
• Black - Roma mukadzi hazvina ushamwari maitiro.

Pakati Winkel akaisa tsamba, iyo yakaratidza nyika.

zuva ose vakadzi akwire mana mangwanani, rikawira akaisa hafu kofi chinotsiva uye yabuda mumugwagwa kuti rejisita, urwo rwakatora maawa 2-3. Next vakafamba mabasa kwemaawa 12-14.

Basa masikati vakakwanisa kuwana hafu yeawa rotonhorera, uye kwemasikati muchimiro hafu ity kwemvura mbatatisi peelings kana rutabaga. Nokuti vaya vakashanda usiku, ari kwemasikati haana inopiwa.

Evening Check aiva zvakafanana mangwanani. Pashure pacho vasungwa kupa 200 magiramu furawa chingwa, uye sawdust uye zvakafanana kofi tsiva ose.

Vasungwa vanobvumirwa kutumira e-mail, asi hapana kupfuura kamwe pamwedzi uye pasi zvachose kusenza. The kuchangotanga musiyano tsamba kana positikadhi kutumwa akadzingwa.

Nzira rokuurayiwa

Vakafira kuRavensbrück akanga, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira 50 kusvika 92 zviuru vanhu. The kukonzera rufu anova kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, rakaoma, rwakakwana utsanana, kwakakomba kushungurudzwa.

Kamwe ose mavhiki maviri mudonzvo kwomusasa dzaisarudzwa vasungwa vakanga kuparadzwa. Chokutanga, kwaiva vakanga vasingagoni kushanda. Vakaurayawo vapfurwa mumusoro. Die ose zuva kusvika vanhu 50.

Nokuti zvinoparadza vasungwa vakatuma kuAuschwitz mimwe misasa yakadaro. Gare gare, muna 1943, vakadzi vakatanga massively kuurawa pamusoro nharaunda wevasungwa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, ngozi jekiseni uye crematorium.

Muna 1944, kuRavensbrück (kumusasa wevasungwa) vakashanyira Himmler, akarayira kubvisa zvose vasungwa akwegura uye ndonda. Kuti izvi zvidaro, isu vakakokwa kuti "nyanzvi kuti kuparadzwa" pamusoro Auschwitz, Birkenau.

Vakadzi vakaedzwa kuti anokosha vaipemberera uye vaya vakapiwa vaaleanpunainen kadhi nemabhii Latin "VV" ( "musasa rufu, nokuparadza") zvaiendeswa Uckermark. Ikoko vakamirira rufu rwake, kunyange zvazvo zvitupa vakanga zvifambiswe kuna hwomuviri centre, yaiva muSilesia. Pakutanga, varidzi Pink kadhi vaurayiwa nebara mumusoro, asi zvichiitika kunonoka, saka kwakasarudzwa kuvakwa gasi makamuri. Vakafa kwemaminitsi 2-3 vakadzi 150 chete.

zvokurapa kuedza

Kuitisa kuedza kutanga musi vasungwa mumusasa 01.08.1942 akatanga. Zvinonzi kwakaratidza kuti nguva yose ari kuRavensbrück vezvokurapa kwacho pasi 86 vakadzi vasungwa.

Chinangwa chekutanga kuedza kwaiva kuziva efficacy mishonga mitsva nokuda pakurapa lacerations yakadzika, kusanganisira vapfurwa. Vakadzi vave vachiita pamusoro yokumusoro chikamu yehudyu yakadzika pfupa, akagura uye jekiseni kuna Staphylococci pamwe nemamwe marudzi mabhakitiriya. Izvi kwakamutsa nokukurumidza chitarisiko neronda rinonyenga uye tetenasi.

To ndakakuvadza yakanga yakafanana bara, kazhinji zviri akawedzera tudonhwe girazi, matanda uye simbi. Zviito All ashandiswe, uyewo avo nechirevo nokungwarira akanyorwa. Pane zvishoma shanduko mumuviri vasungwa - kubva chiitiko tembiricha kurufu. Zvakabuda zvidzidzo acho mune nomushumo panguva uto chikoro muna 1943. KuRavensbrück wevasungwa uye kurwadziswa yakaitika kwete musungwa zvose, akanga akakurumbira kwete chete kuti.

Chinangwa rechipiri kuedza chaiva kuona mukana transplantation repfupa tishu. Kuti aite izvi, vakadzi utano ndavhuna yayo uye kushandisa purasita. Kuona kuedza kwacho, Guinea richivezwa mupenyu rinenge kufumura mafupa. Vamwe vakadzi dimura gumbo kana fudzi ane utano uye kuendeswa vanovhiya kune mumwe musasa, apo vakasonanidza izvi dzomuviri kune vamwe.

Izvi chete chikamu kuedza. The kupfuura utsinye kuedza vaiurayawo majekiseni vana vakasimba uye pamuviri pakupedzisira trimester fetus pakarepo incineration.

musasa Security

The commandant kwomusasa panguva dzakasiyana vaiva Tamashke Gunther, Maks Kegel, Fritz SUHNER. Tsvimbo vakanga vasiri vanhu chete, asiwo vakadzi vanopfuura 150. Kuburikidza nokudzidziswa zvakatora vanenge 4 zviuru matrons. Avanotarisira kuva zvakanyanya utsinye uye penchant nokuda sadism.

"Rufu March"

Munguva shure mauto eGermany uye kubvisa wemisasa. vasungwa 27/04/1945 vakadzingwa kumavirira. nhamba yavo zvasvika vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 20, vanenge mamiriyoni 3 yakasiyiwa mumusasa wevasungwa.

Mazuva maviri gare gare, SS varindi vakasiya vasungwa Akapfigira mumatumba Malchow, uye mangwanani akatevera vakasunungurwa, Dzvuku Army.

kwokusunungurwa kwevasungwa

Musi yaakazosunungurwa runoonekwa kuti 30.4.1945, apo hondo 2nd Byelorussian Front vakanunurwa musungwa. Mazuva mashoma gare gare kuRavensbrück (wevasungwa), ndangariro waasingazotorerwi kutsakatika mumazana emakore, vakazadzwa navanachiremba, uyo ndakasika muchipatara pfupi.

Kusvikira 1993 nharaunda mauto eSoviet kushandiswa senzira placement nhengo dzawo.

Miedzo yehondo matsotsi

Wokutanga miedzo emisasa vashandi kwakaitika mumakore 1946-1948. Zvakaguma 16 mitsara rufu.

Vamwe vashandi SS akatizira United States, asi kunyange kwapera makumi emakore vakanga dzaona uye akadzingirwa kusangana kutongwa muGermany. Vanhu aivhima vaNazi mhosva dzavo sezvo chikamu SS, pakuzivikanwa so "muvhimi Nazi".

Nhoroondo ndangariro vasungwa kwomusasa

Muna 1959, hurumende GDR akarayira kuti ndima kuRavensbrück (kumusasa wevasungwa) yaiva, akasika munhu National Memorial "kuRavensbrück". Zvinotevera ndasara sezvo yepakutanga nazvo:

• commandant;
• crematorium;
• kuvaka pamwe Camera;
• pevhu unoenda kugungwa;
• zveMagwaro parusvingo kwomusasa.

The nechepakati chinhu pamusoro mudziva raiva Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda "Carrier", akasika Villa Lammert. Saka kuRavensbrück (wevasungwa), apo shongwe rakadzikwa muGermany, nokuti vazhinji ava chiratidzo vose utsotsi hwakaipisisa pamusoro pavanhu.

Muna 1996 akasunungura ari muvhidhiyo firimu, izvo vakabvunzurudzwa vaimbova vasungwa shanu vemunyika - Austria, Italy, Netherlands, Russia. Director uye screenwriter Dutch simbi Annette Van Barneveld uye Annemarie Streybos. It akatumidza mufananidzo "The kare."

Muna 2005 akauya kusikwa mutungamiriri Federal Republic of Germany Lorett Valts, uyo vakaunganidza bvunzurudzo vaimbova vasungwa kwemakore 25. Vhidhiyo ine nyaya vasungwa vanopfuura 200 uye anonzi "Women Ravensbrueck."

KuRavensbrück (The World Second War 1939-1945) wakagara makore matanhatu, richiuraya makumi ezviuru vakadzi nevana vakanga vasingadi hondo iyi.