Kuziva zviri zuva?

Star Inonzi Sun - chete munyika ino yedu. Around nayo tenderera zvimwe zvinhu, pakati inova Pasi, apo tiri uchararama. Uye akapiwa kukosha ichi zvakasiyana yokudenga muviri kuvapo zvose zvipenyu zvose, kusanganisira munhu Panyika, uye zvakakosha kuziva zviri zuva uye sei makore akawanda nayo uchagona kupenya.

Sun kunamata uye kudzidza

Kubvira kare vanhu vakaona kuti kutungamirira basa reDare nyeredzi kuti zvipenyu zvose. tsika dzakawanda yekare vainamata zuva, paiva chitendero kunamata naye. Zvinonzi airemekedzwa sezvo mwari muIjipiti yekare, muna pre-Columbian America. Uye vamwe mukuru mabasa vanhu vakazvipira kuna Sun: Stonehenge muEngland, Chichen Itza kuMexico, somuenzaniso. A gwenya akapiwa nzvimbo, akavaka mapiramidhi. Sezvineiwo, echiGiriki nyanzvi vekare vaidavira zuva nyika, pamwe Earth. Chokwadi, mazuva iwayo hapana aigona fembera zviri zuva. Somuenzaniso, muzivi wechiGiriki Anaxagoras akafunga akasikwa kubva simbi (icho, sezvinei, akakandwa mujeri uye akatongerwa rufu). Uye pfungwa yokuti mapuraneti ose Anoisa pakati, iyo nyeredzi iyi akarerwa nemasayendisiti India yekare (uye akapotsa panguva - Greece), uye akararamazve uye kugadzirwa Copernicus muzana remakore rechi16.

sayenzi yemazuva

sayenzi yemazuva ano zvechokwadi aenda kure mberi. Masayendisiti dzaona mukanyiwa uye yokudenga muviri, uye ake presumptive mari, uye daro paNyika. Zvingaonekwa kunze nemaziso achibatsirwa nesimba kupfuura ano materesikopu anogona kuwedzera zvokuti zvose zvinogona kuonekwa panguva peziso. Kushandisa chakagadzirwa satellites raparurwa kune runoenzanirana muchadenga, abudisa chaizvo zvinhu kuti zviite kudzidza zvakawanda hwakadzama. Zvino zvinozivikanwa zvakarurama, chii muzuva. Uyewo zvakava pachena kuti masayendisiti 'solntsevedam "uye ayo Qualitative sezvamunoita uye configuration.

Internal mamiriro

nyeredzi edu ane layered marongerwo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanopfuura 99 uremu% of zvachose uremu yose zuva nenyika dzaro (nokuti kuenzanisa, ndizvo 330,000 nguva kupfuura gobvu panyika). Maererano spectral kupatsanura pakati Sun mufananidzo "tsvuku pfupi". Chinoumba - musimboti chikamu, uko yenyukireya pezvakaitwa (nharaunda kupfuura zviuru 150 kilometers). Pane refu kwazvo tembiricha - madhigirii anopfuura mamiriyoni 14, uye fuma zvasvika munhu arambe achirema hombe. The simba uye nokupisa anogadzirwa chinoumba nokuda zvakaitwa, uye nharaunda vasara zuva rinopisa kwavari. Chii chinoumba zuva? Sezvo nechepakati nyeredzi Fusion maitiro kunoitika, uye rehydrogen, izvo inoremekedzwa zvikuru mugove muna murwiyo, kutsva, masayendisiti anodavira pane zvakawanda nehelium (64%) uye zvishoma rehydrogen (kusvika 36%).

Chii Sun

Zvakanaka, ndizvo kuti maererano kuti tsanga. A zuva pacharo rinoumbwa chezvematongerwe rehydrogen. Its 92% kubudikidza vhoriyamu uye uremu - 73%. Akatevera chaikosha - nehelium (7% vhoriyamu). Uyewo, pane dzimwe zvinhu: simbi, nickel, okisijeni, senitrogen, sarufa, magnesium, calcium chromium, nevamwe - kuti ine chero zvinhu zuva.

akaturikidzana huru mbiri

huru mbiri akaturikidzana ndiwo: chomukati uye mhepo yakapoteredza. Inner ine zvikamu zvitatu: chinoumba simba kutapurirana rokufambira, convection mapazi. Sun muchadenga rinoumbwa zvikamu vatatu: photosphere, iyo chromosphere uye Corona.

Energy kuchinjirwa achishandisa nemwaranzi uye convection,

Munyaya mapazi anotevera chinoumba, pamusoro kuchinjwa Fusion simba kunotangira nenyeredzi musimboti chokumusoro akaturikidzana yacho Sun zvikuru. The tembiricha iri akatura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye wavelength inowedzerawo. chidimbu ichi zvinotora kubva 0.3 kusvika 0,7 zvachose nharaunda kubva pakati. The convection mapazi yaiva shure, mangwana simba kuchinjirwa achishandisa convection kwacho.

Sun muchadenga

The photosphere - chinooneka pechiso zuva. It Anotuma muchadenga spectral mwaranzi. ukobvu wayo 200 chete makiromita. A rukoko yaiva pamusoro payo chromosphere ane pakukora kakawanda zvikuru - kusvika 20 000? Km. Pane achifumira ichi- kutura uye magasi, kuita kufamba. Munguva chromosphere dzimwe nguva pane prominences yakabudikira pachiso anosvika 250. 000 km ichionekwawo kubva Earth. Dzimwe nguva zvinhu inounganidzwa ari mukurumbira rezuva Unokunda giravhiti nokuparurwa kure muchadenga. The gwenya Corona sezvo rinopedzisa kuvakwa Sun, achifumira kusvika mamiriyoni 2 makiromita. Crown View haisi nguva dzose zvakafanana uye Rinobatanidzwa nguva nyeredzi basa.

mhepo yokutenderera zuva

Kubva korona anoramba inotevedzera chekubuda inoramba kuti ionized. Izvi vainyanya protons uye maerekitironi, yainzi mhepo kwezuva. Vanoedza zvikuru miganhu yacho zuva chadenga. Radiation anosvika vadzidzisi zvuru gumi nezvimedu por wechipiri. kurasikirwa kwavo yeyero pfupi iri makore miriyoni vakawanda noenderana kurema yakadaro nyika, dzakadai Earth. zviitiko zvakadai pakati Aurora borealis , kana geomagnetic madutu Pasi zvine chokuita zvakananga pokudzora mhepo kwezuva.

Sun uye upenyu Panyika

Vanhu, mhuka uye zvirimwa kuti vanogara panyika, zuva chiedza chaibwinya navo - chinhu zvikuru chinhu. Munzvimbo idzodzo umo mwaranzi kuuya zvishoma kwazvo, akaona duku-siyana zvoutachiona siyana, vachigurisira mwaka kukura zvinomera, stunting marudzi. Chiedza chezuva - chikonzero photosynthesis. A chirimwa chlorophyll ari mashizha mumwe inokosha ezvinhu kuti chidzoke upenyu Panyika, maererano nyanzvi dzakawanda. Uye marudzi mazhinji mhuka (uye vanhu) ikoko, nemhaka kudya miti uye kuunganidza rezuva simba mumuviri. Chimwe chinokosha kuti kuvapo zvose zvipenyu zvose ndicho ultraviolet nemwaranzi kwezuva, naro kubereka vhitamini D. Asi rokurara UV nemwaranzi redu chinodzivirira kuti ozone layer pasina iro, sezvo vaongorori vanodavira, upenyu siyana havana kukwanisa kuti aiyanika nyika kubva mumvura World Ocean.

Tsanangura zviri zuva vana - hazvina kuoma. Asi kuti kunzwisisa STRUCTURAL zviri guru nyeredzi dzakadai ichi, zvinokosha kuti kumiririra kukosha kusingaperi bhuku gasi kuti pfungwa panzvimbo imwe renzou. Uye kana totaura nyore, zuva riri vakawanda, uye hydrogen nehelium. magasi ava chiedza chaizvo, asi nyeredzi pachayo - rinorema kwazvo uye anoyera sezvo 330 000 mapuraneti akafanana Panyika. A tembiricha iyo kudziyirwa izvi uye zvimwe zvinhu anoumba - kusvika madhigirii mamiriyoni 15. Zvakawanda zviri mashoko pamusoro murwiyo nyeredzi vemagwaro vemazuva ano vakanga yaunganidzwa spectral Kuongororwa chezuva inosvika Earth, uye akarurama chaizvo.