Kwakarongeka Time Universal: sei uye yakanga sei hwakatangwa?

nguva yakakodzera kunokosha chaizvo munyika yanhasi, kana mutinhimira upenyu yakawedzera zvinooneka. Asi chinetso ndiyo kuvapo zvakasiyana nguva munyika dzine - chaizvoizvo pakubata nevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika zvakakosha kuva zvakakurumbira chiero zvimwe mhando. Kuti vaite izvi, uye zvinofanira chikwata zvakasikwa nguva. Asi vanhu havana sei kusvika pakadaro hurongwa?

Chii kwakarongeka Time Universal (UTC)?

Munyika yanhasi soro akakoshesa pakawanda - chete mari, mutauro, etc. Asi imwe nguva mapazi, kupinda hazvitomboiti, nekuti kana mumwe hemisphere zuva, mune dzimwe - .. Night. Uyezve, pane inonzi zuva nguva vemunzvimbo, achiuya maererano nenzira magetsi kufamba mhiri denga kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira. Asi nguva munyika dzine vanofanira kuva neimwe nzira chokuita nomumwe, vane imwe bhuku pfungwa. Kuti vaite izvi, uye pane UTC - kwakarongeka Time Universal. Yakanga kwaari dzinga hurumende, rakamiswa zvayo munharaunda wachi. Asi sei hurongwa yakadaro?

Nhoroondo yebhuku rimwe vomureza

Pakutanga vanhu anosarudza nguva kwezuva. Nhambo Wakapfuurira yakakwirira wayo, rakagamuchirwa masikati. Zviri pamusoro musimboti uye kushanda ichi chaishandiswa. Asi nzira iyi haisi yakarurama kwazvo, mukuwedzera, kukura vanhu inoda zvikuru pakawanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, sezvo nyika itsva, uye vanhu vanoziva kuti unofanira kupinda nguva munyika dzine muasunge pamwe pakutanga nekuti zvakafunga navigation, yagadzirwa GSM maitiro (Greenwich Ngaave Time), saka zita nokuti chokuti Meridian akazarurwa, iyo haazobvumiri nguva vakayambuka Observatory pa Greenwich.

Panzira, asati pakatanga vomureza ichi munyika dzakasiyana vanoshandisa razero points. Kazhinji, paavhareji meridians iyi nyaya vakayambuka yomunharaunda Observatory mu France - Paris, Russia - .. The Pulkovo, etc. Asi kushaya rimwe remadzinza akanga kusagadzikana. Uye muna 1884 nokuti Greenwich Meridian Zero rakazoshandiswa. Maererano naye, kwete chete synchronize wachi, asi kuziva kuti nenzvimbo Coordinates - Longitude.

Zvino ichi anonzi mureza UTC, kana kwakarongeka Time Universal. Kusiyana GMT The, zviri zvichienzaniswa mabhomba wachi, uye 2-3 makore ose kurishandura pakafunuka muchimiro "zvinopfuura" wechipiri. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti vauye nguva yenyu dzenyeredzi.

Chichatara nguva zvikamu

Time panguva Greenwich Meridian hauonekwi. Kuti zvive nyore, zviri kunzi musiyano naye, kuti ndiye UTC + 1, UTC-8, uye zvichingodaro. D. Hakusi nguva dzose akashandisa meridians, sezvo dzimwe nguva zvingava yakati zvakavaomera siyanisa nguva zvikamu. Izvi, Sezvineiwo, kwaiva chikonzero zvimwe anonakidza zviri nguva munyika dzakasiyana. Asi ichi ichakurukurwa pashure.

kushandiswa

Saka pazvakava pachena kuti yakadaro co-ordinated, zvinokosha kuti tikurukure kuti rinoshandiswa munyika yanhasi. Chokutanga, zero Meridian richiri kushanda wekushandisa - zvose nenyanza uye mudenga. Chechipiri, kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose akasiya rupawo wayo kudiwa nevakawanda nguva bhuku. Conference anodana pakati vanhu iri dzakasiyana dzepasi, yakatarwa UTC.

Panzira, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, nguva munyika dzine ukarega dziripo. Tiri kutaura kweArctic uye Antarctic, apo nguva conditionally chigamuchirwe UTC + 0. Kutaura zvazviri, vanotsvakurudza panguva polar dzinochengeterwa kudziverenga maawa sezvo ivo vagare. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune muchadenga kunoongorora kushanda muchadenga paNyika.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

System kusanganisira Time kwakarongeka Universal, yakaumbwa nguva refu, zvokuti paiva kuziva zvinhu.

• Hapana yepamutemo chidimbu UTC Decryption. Muna 1970, apo mureza uyu akatanga, vakakurukura zvokusarudza tức (temps pour Universel Coordonné) akacheka (kwakarongeka Time Universal). Somugumisiro, kwakasarudzwa kurega panguva kwazvakarerekera UTC.
• Novosibirsk chake chaibva pamahombekombe maviri murwizi, iyo anomhanya chaizvo pamusoro Meridian awa. Uye kwenguva refu muguta pane mbiri nguva. Isati yavakwa muna 1955 rokutanga zambuko haina kukonzera zvikuru kusanzwa, nokuti zvikamu zviviri Novosibirsk kashoma vakasonganira mumwe. Asi muna 1958, guta akauya chete nguva.
• Zvinonzwisisika musiyano chikuru munguva pakati mbiri dzinokosha chepasi inofanira kuva maawa 24. Asi chokwadi pane 26 nguva zvikamu. Mune Pacific, huri pedyo napedyo pane vaviri chitsuwa States: American Samoa Archipelago Line. Time musiyano pakati pavo maawa 25. Zvakaitika nokuda Line Islands, kare vaiva ne UK, akayera nguva kubva kuAustralia, uye vakatendeuka UTC + 14. A Samoa UTC-11 zviito achitevedza musiyano kubva Continental America.
• Mune dzimwe nzvimbo Australia dzimwe nguva kuzviratidza chinjikira nguva zvikamu. Izvi imhaka yokuti havasi vose inoti vari kutamira muchando nguva.
• Kwete nguva dzose musiyano pamwe Greenwich inhamba maawa chaizvo. In Nepal anoita UTC + 5: 45, mune mamwe maguta Australian 8: 45, uye rezvitsuwa of Chatham, New Zealand + 12: 45.