Macquarie - chitsuwa yePacific Ocean. Description, okunze, mapikicha

Macquarie Island (Engl Macquarie.) - chiduku nzvimbo munyika nzvimbo 128 sq. ? km. Riri pakati Australia uye Antarctica kumaodzanyemba-dzokumadokero chikamu nePacific Ocean. Nzvimbo yavanopinda imwe pose Muzinga homonymous kuputika muhomba.

The soro pfungwa kukwirira vanoonekwa Upland Hamilton uye Fletcher (anenge 410 metres pamusoro pegungwa). Kureba elongated chitsuwa 34 Km from kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, ane makubhiti 5 km yayo Geological zvinhu zvinokonzerwa chokuti kutoda kudhumhana pakati tectonic ndiro rakauya chete kudzvinya mudenga kubva mugungwa duku chikamu Oceanic goko. Saizvozvo zvakaitika kuti chitsuwa aumbwa kuitwa zvinhu zvakadai sekuimba basaltic uye andesitic lavas, uyewo zvigadzirwa kuparadzwa kwavo pamusana rikukurwe.

Zvizivikanwe nemichina basa munharaunda achiri yakakwirira chaizvo. Ndokusaka kuti kufamba kurambidzwa Macquarie Island. How kusvika chikamu ichi munyika? Eya, Chokwadi, yomugungwa, kudambura vanopfuura zviuru 1.5 makiromita kubva pachitsuwa Tasmania. Macquarie munoreva rinoronga: 54 ° 37'S. W. uye 158 ° 51 'mu. d.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Pane kufungidzira pamusoro kushanyira nzvimbo iyi vaPolynesia muna 13-14 emakore, pfupi nemisha, asi hunogutsa hwokuti iri pari kuwanikwa.

Pamutemo, chitsuwa rakaonekwa muna 1810. Australian muchikepe pamwe Captain F. Hasselboro paaivatambudza whaling. Panguva imwe voli iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero Pacific Ocean chikamu nyika kwave vakaona kuti mune ramangwana uye rinonzi Macquarie. Chitsuwa chacho mazita ipapo Gavhuna-General New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

Pari, nzvimbo iri pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Australia, kuva kwayo kupfuura wokumaodzanyemba pfungwa yacho iri administratively chikamu State of Tasmania. Zvisinei, pane imwe nguva Russia ndokuisa kutaura nayo. Zvino shure kushanya kuchitsuwa muna 1820, kuRussia Antarctic rwendo wokutanga rinotungamirirwa Bellingshausen.

Muna 1948 kwakaonekwa munhu Meteorological chiteshi. It akasikwa kubudikidza vokuAustralia. Chinangwa chikuru pachiteshi - kudzidzwa kondinendi yose Antarctica. Kubvira muna 1978, Macquarie - chitsuwa, iyo pamutemo kupiwa mamiriro National Park. Uye pashure pemakore anenge 20, kubva 1997, nharaunda pasi wayo kudzivirirwa atora pokugadzwa UNESCO munyika yose. Izvi imhaka yokuti chitsuwa ane yakawanda yakasiyana Geological uye zvakasikwa zviri.

Climate

Akadana chitsuwa dzisina zvakaoma chaizvo, sezvo mamiriro okunze omunharaunda, kutaura mudukusa, dzamira. Constant mvura, mhepo yakasimba, tembiricha yakaderera - izvi zvakamirira vanhu vanenge akashanyira chitsuwa Macquarie. Okunze ari hunodzorwa nyorovera, Sub-Antarctic. Zvinorevei izvi? Chokutanga, chimbichimbi mhepo gobvu, kuti zvakakwana chando. Kazhinji, mhepo inenge haagumiri rose gore. Paavhareji mhepo tembiricha - vanenge +5 ° C (hapana yokunyanyisa kusiyana zhizha nechando).

The kunayisa wegore iri yemanyorero anenge 1000 mm. Voparadzwa muchimiro pfunha rose gore. Kazhinji kune fogs pamusoro chitsuwa uye chiedza chezuva pano haiwanzowaniki mushanyi.

muriwo nyika

Macquarie - chitsuwa anenge apo zvinomera. Kutarisira kusiyana hakusi zvakakodzera, sezvo pane achikura mashoma mhando uswa: zvikurukuru sedges, uyewo endemic Macquarie makabheji. Mugore yegungwa zvinowanzoitwa mashava matope.

Anogara pachitsuwa tevere?

The Fauna of chitsuwa nyika zvikuru chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura chirimwa. Chinonyanya rakakura Colony pano PENGUIN, ayo anomiririrwa 4 mhando huru: hwoumambo, mbongoro, Gentoo uye endemic. nhamba yavo yose iri pedyo mamiriyoni 4, uye kukura munhu munharaunda yemakomo 500 zviuru vanhu uye 200 vakaroorana. Penguin Macquarie (Schlegel) runouyisa chete pachitsuwa ichi, asi vakuru vanopedza nguva yakawanda kure munyanza, tichiverenga diki hove, krill uye zooplankton. Isu kugara pamahombekombe nzou chezvisimbiso, fur seal, nemicherechedzo. Nokuti rutoto ndazvitsaurira nzvimbo idzi albatrosses, petrels, cormorants, skuas uye Antarctic terns. Macquarie - chitsuwa, mumhenderekedzo dzegungwa mapazi ari dzinowanzoendwa hove huru, kunyanya munguva yechando. Munzvimbo idzodzo pane yakawanda algae, anogona kuwanikwa asiri chipfuro mhando hove kuti kuungana pano huru ezvipfuwo.

Vawana pachitsuwa panguva akaunzwa pano katsi tsuro kuti akanga inokanganisa yomunharaunda kwezvakatipoteredza. Nechekare ne 1890, yakanyangarika zvachose zvisingawanzoitiki mhando chihwenga kusvetuka Macquarie mupenyu pano chete. Under nokutyisidzirwa zvakazoonekwa kuti nesting shiri uye zvirimwa. Chete XXI remakore, vanotsigira mhuka akakwanisa kusunungura chitsuwa kubva vatorwa kwaari vatorwa, uye ikozvino hapana nekatsi kana tsuro vakasara.

uwandu hwevanhu

Vanhu chete masayendisiti uwandu vanhu 25-40 vanogara munharaunda. Vanoshanda vari Meteorological yemapurisa Macquarie Island varindi nzira. Chivako ichi riri nechokuchamhembe chitsuwa. Nokuti vashandi pano dzakavakwa nezvivakwa dzinogarwa uye zvivako. Pamutemo, chitsuwa rinovharwa kuvafambi.