Mamiriro, chinhu uye nyaya kwepfungwa ari sainzi

Psychology somunhu sainzi inodzidza maitiro uye pezvakaitwa okufunga kuitika pfungwa dzevanhu.

Nyaya kwepfungwa ari nesayenzi nenzira dzakasiyana-nzendo ayo budiriro takatsunga nenzira dzakasiyana. Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18, mufananidzo chinyakare nyaya kwayo kwainzi mweya womunhu. Mugore Chirungu empirical zvepfungwa assotsianistskoy (Dzh.St.Mill, D.Gartli, G. Spencer, A. Ben) paaitarisana mananara chavanoziva. In structuralism (W. Wundt) chinhu chinoonekwa zvakaitika yacho. Functionalism (F. Brentano) vaiona Mazvokuda mabasa chavanoziva.

Nyaya kwepfungwa ari sainzi, sezvo Sechenov (psychophysiology), ainzwisisa sezvo kwakabva mhando yebasa chepfungwa. In behaviorism (J. Watson) ainyanya vaiona maitiro. Psychoanalysis, akatungamirirwa Freud vakatendeukira afenda.

Subject wepfungwa sechinhu nesayenzi muna Gestalt zvepfungwa (Maks Vertgeymer) rinorondedzerwa so muitiro kurapwa uye kubudiswa ruzivo uye migumisiro azvaiitwa. In humanistic zvepfungwa (Maslow, Frankl, Carl Rogers, kela May) masayendisiti mukuru pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna pachake zvakaitika munhu.

In epamba nesayenzi mumazuva okutanga zvepfungwa Soviet sezvo vakadaro mubvunzo sei kurondedzera nyaya wepfungwa sechinhu sayenzi zvakakomba haina maturo. Chete thirties vakatanga kutsanangura nyaya se "nezvekufadza, pfungwa, kunzwa, kufunga kwavanhu."

Halperin kwaratidza kuti nyaya wepfungwa sezvo INDICATIVE basa (ichi zvinosanganisira zvishande uye siyana zvinoitika mupfungwa dzevanhu, uye manzwiro, inoda, vachaparidza).

Saka, somugumisiro kukura sayenzi nyaya zvepfungwa vakadanwa kushanda kwendangariro, uye vakarondedzera zvinhu uye zvivako zvevanhu uyewo avo mifananidzo maitiro. Basa rinokosha rakapiwa kudzidza zvisikwa kuziva ayo kukura, nokushanda uye kutaurirana navo vakawanda maitiro uye inoshanda mabasa evanhu.

The mamiriro wepfungwa sechinhu sayenzi panguva ino padariro ayo budiriro iri nani kunzwisisa. Kune akawanda kazhinji vakagamuchira hurongwa yakatanga anozivikanwa vanachiremba.

Ananiev hurongwa wepfungwa kuti vanodzidza mumwe chokuita kuziva basa nevanhu. Anotaura kuti inodzidza kuti ontogenesis womunhu somunhu (zvachose, differential, zera, ontopsihofiziologiya, psychophysiology); kuti kudzidza munhu kumarudzi avo upenyu nzira (zvachose, differential, kuenzaniswa, psycholinguistics, mupfungwa dzidziso nokukurudzirwa, zvepfungwa ukama); kuti vanodzidza munhu sezvo nyaya yebasa (the zvepfungwa pane cognition, basa, okugadzira zvinhu, rwevanhu uye magene zvepfungwa).

Hansen inotaura matavi sayenzi akadai Kazhinji zvepfungwa, psychophysiology, psychophysics, zvepfungwa mhuka, boka zvidzidzo, pave (phylogeny, ontogenesis, anthropogenesis, kuenzaniswa), basa (maitiro, basa, ruzivo, kukurukurirana), mumagariro zvepfungwa (dzakaitika, interpersonal ukama, unhu , vakawanda dzezvokukurukurirana) typological kusiyana musiyano (anomalous kusiyana), kwemadzinza kusiyana nomumwe kusiyana).

Platonov hurongwa sezvo sayenzi: mukuru, Makuriro zvepfungwa, dzidzo, zvokurapa, maindasitiri zvepfungwa, mitambo, nzvimbo, avhiyesheni, mauto, zvemitemo, zvemagariro.

The chikuru chinhu wepfungwa sechinhu sainzi - munhu kana boka revanhu (nemhuka) sevatakuri psyche. Ivo vakadzidza uye akatsvaga tichibatsirwa zvesayenzi kuti tizive anoshanda vanorumbidza, uyewo kusikwa chitsva dzidziso nesayenzi.

Psychology anotsvaka kupindura mubvunzo wokuti nei vanhu chetezvo uye kwete imwe nzira mune imwe ezvinhu. Panyaya iyi, uye isu havawanzoiti mashandiro sezvo psyche, iro anotungamirira vavariro zvose uye maitiro nezviito murume.