Mask pamusoro Tutankhamun. Pfuma Tutankhamun uye chituko guva rake

Mukutanga 20-ies remakore rechimakumi maviri British matongo rwendo vakapfurunyura guva rimwe vanaFarao yoUmambo New. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, wokupedzisira nzvimbo yacho Farao Tutankhamun , vanopfuura 33 emakore, rakaramba. Farao haana kunokanganisa rugare kana Ages gororo kana makororo akawanda kumakuva. A yakawanda zvishongo yakawanikwa muguva, zvishongo, Vakamupfekedza uri ivhu, yaiva nemukurumbira Ancient Egypt. The Amai aiva zvikuru sarcophagus, uye chiso mutongi yekare akavhara goridhe kunge King Tutankhamun.

Howard Carter

A inoshamisa chakawanikwa yakaitwa muna 1922, matongo rwendo rinotungamirirwa Howard Carter. Izvi muongorori wezvaiitika kuIjipiti kubva pauduku hwake akazvipira nhoroondo Ancient World. Kubvira 1899, Carter akatora mugove matongo nzendo. Kubudirira iye akauyisa kuwanikwa dzokuviga hadzi Farao Hatshepsut kumadokero Thebes.

Kushanda Anoremekedzwa Carnarvon vakawana

Ukama Howard Carter mudzidzi matongo Anoremekedzwa Carnarvon vakawana akabatsira kurera mari kuti vabudirire ndaviga chinangwa - kuwana isina kumbobatwa guva mumwe vazhinji vevatongiwo muIjipiti. Kubvira muna 1914, boka rinotungamirirwa tandem pakati nyanzvi uye mudzidzi musayendisiti-aristocrat, kutanga basa Zvakafukunurwa paMupata reMadzimambo. Pane zvakawanda shure uye mwero zvakawanikwa muna akaparadza mumakuva wamadzimambo akare dzaserera nechido ane aristocrat, uye zvesayenzi nzanga nguva vakanga vasina chokwadi pamusoro ndingangokuvara kuwana chinhu isina kumbobatwa kuvigwa.

In yose, kundotsvaka isina kumbobatwa makuva vatongi vechiIjipiti Carter makore 22 okuberekwa, asi pakupedzisira kwake vakatsvakwa achiri mubayiro. November 4, 1922 akawanikwa asiri kusauka guva apo zvisaririra naMambo Tutankhamun vari. Archaeological kuwana kwakaita Akakwezva masayendisiti pasi pose, kunyange sezvo vakawanda nechokwadi nezvokuvapo mutongi uyu.

mambo youth

Tutankhamun paakangogara pachigaro pazera 8 kana 9 makore ose. Zita mutongi yekare wekutanga wakaridza akafanana Tutankhaton kuti zvaireva "Chifananidzo Aten". Ndicho akatsiva yakakurumbira Farao vanopandukira - Akhenatan. The yakakurumbira muhedheni Farao, vaIjipiti vakaita akwidziridze mwari mutsva - Aton. Fans zvitendero vekare kunyimwa mipiro uye akanganwa.

Vose dzidzo rejaya Farao kwaibva nokunamata mufananidzo mwari wezuva - Aton. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva Meillet uye Horemhba. Meillet aiva mupristi mukuru panguva simba ramambo rapfuura, uye Horemhba - pamudyandigere mukuru. Vose vaiva ndisingambofariri yapfuura mutongi weIjipiti, vose vavariro yavo, vachidzidzisa mambo wechiduku. Kuva vaifungidzira simba pamusoro peEgipita rose, Tutankhamun haana kukanganwa zvidzidzo vadzidzisi vavo uye vasingaratidzi akatora shanduko.

Tutankhamun Kutonga

History of Tutankhamun sezvo mutongi weIjipiti, kutanga pashure accession yake muna 1333 BC. e. Farao vangasimudzira anochinja kutungamirirwa zvechitendero uye zvematongerwo enyika upenyu munyika. Kubva zvino, mwari wake mukurusa - Amoni, sezvakanga zvakaita panguva namadzibaba ake pamberi Akhenatan; uye zita rake rinonzi Tutankhamun. City Ahetaton vapristi, nokuputsa nzvimbo yokunamatira kuti mwari, rakaparadzwa uye akanganwa. Pamutemo, guta guru reIjipiti, apo tsika mitemo veIjipiti, vaiva Thebes, asi Tutankhamun akawanda muupenyu hwake pfupi kupedzerwa Memphis. Sezvingatarisirwa, dare vanokudzwa, vatungamiriri vehondo, ezvivako uye vapristi vakaedza kurarama pedyo Farao.

necropolis pamusoro Tutankhamun

Kunyange pashure pokufa kwake, imwe nyika simba yaizova pedyo nhume mwari Amoni - saka paiva mumwe makuva nguva - Saqqara. Zviri pano kuti dai kuronga makuva avo vatungamiri, vapristi uye vaimbova navadzidzisi muduku Farao. Tutankhamun vakachengetedzwa uye akadzorera tsvene yekare, akasiya zvinoverengeka mapurani sezvivako. Munzvimbo tsvene Luxor kupedzisa muvharanda, yakavakwa kuremekedza Amenhotep III, akapedza temberi Nubian achikudza mutongi uyu. dzinotevedzana rutsigiro rwemauto vakanga kuitwa Nubia uye Lower Egipita, vamwe vavo vave zvapedza. Zvichida Tutankhamun uye aizova nomukurumbira kwemazana emakore sezvo mutongi mukuru, asi mugumo akamutora makore asingasviki gumi rokutonga. Pakupedzisira, kutonga kwake kwakanga kwakasiyana nemamwe mabasa vanaFarao. Kunyange kuchinja mwari mukuru haana chinhu kunze zvavo. Farao akafa muduku chaizvo panguva yorufu rwake akanga kunyatsoti 19 okuberekwa. Sezvo inokodzera mubati wechokwadi weIjipiti, Mambo ndinovachengeta kumba kwake - Tutankhamun Pyramid yakavakwa muupenyu hwake.

Paguva Tutankhamun

Munguva Kuvapo mupata Kings, veIjipiti ezvivako ndikavakira madzimambo avo 65 kumakuva. Pakanga akavakawo uye remazera Tutankhamen. Mabikirwo kuvakwa kumarinda makore 500 haana kuchinja. Pakukora padombo akaidzikisa pachikuva, Munotatamura muvhu kuti kudzika 200 m, izvo zvakazoita kuti peguva. In pakati nechepakati mainsail akatasva sarcophagus, sezvamakaropafadzwa mumwe chete matatu paakapiwa bhokisi. Rokupedzisira uye akaisa chitunha paFarao. Rokunze bhokisi yakanga yakagadzirwa gilded omuakasia, vaiva mifananidzo gora nechiva. zviratidzo izvi anomiririra North uye South yeIjipiti. Images yemhuka vachiri kushamisika basa rakanaka uye akapfuma yakarongedzwa. munhenga nomumwe pamapapiro gora, pamwero mumwe musi Hood wemhungu zvakabatanidzwa zvikuru, zvose zvave kunyatsoongorora zvinoitwa vanatenzi USINGAZIKAMWI.

bhokisi wechipiri yakashongedzwa mavara negirazi. Airidza basa nhume pakati munyika yavapenyu uye nyika yevakafa. The pabhokisi wechitatu, uye umo akazorora Tut muviri yaigadzirwa kubva jira yakaisvonaka. Zvisaririra emutungamiriri vakaiswa wakaisvonaka, uye chiso chake chakanga chakafukidzwa kwevafi kunge Tutankhamun. A zvinhu zvakawanda zvakanga zviri "Golden vakagara" akaramba isingachinji uye kupukunyuka nhasi anenge zvakakwana node. Zvinhu kubva paguva Tutankhamun, yakapoteredza mutumbi wemufi, kushamiswa neDare muumbozha uye upfumi, mumwe mabasa aya ounyanzvi chaiva aivabatsira upenyu mutongi muumambo vakafa.

Chakavanzika rufu

Zvisinei, kwete upenyu uye kutonga mutongi weIjipiti panguva iyoyo aiva masayendisiti vanofarira. Zvizhinji mafaro zvakawanda zvakanga kuwana chikonzero kudaro mangwanani rufu. hypotheses Several vave kuisa mberi kutsanangura posthumous chakavanzika Tutankhamun. rufu rwake kwakabatsira regent Ay, uyo akatonga muIjipiti pashure pokufa mutongi-makore 19. Tutankhamun asingade vapristi kundiruramisa Aton, uyo akafirwa maguta avo uye temberi. Pakati zvinobvira zvinokonzera rufu vaiva akarongwa kutadza kufema, musoro kunotevera kana chepfu. Asi 2005 ongororo yakaratidza kuti zvinokuvadza musoro akanga akuvadzwa kuna Farao afa, Ungangove, zvakanzi vagamuchira somugumisiro pakuomesa zvitunha memukuru muviri. Mumwe nomumwe anoramba pfungwa worufu rwechisimba, kuwana mashoko matsva upenyu hupfupi rejaya Farao.

zvidzidzo izvi

The mutongi mukuru weIjipiti, maererano masayendisiti, akanga achirwara murume wechidiki aiva nhoroondo dzinoverengeka zvakasiyana majini kuti vari kutambura, uye dzimwe vanafarao veIjipiti kuti dzinza ichi. Tutankhamun aisagona kufamba kupengereka, zviri risafambira mberi imwe vachiberekwa simba uye kukwana nhamba yezvigunwe netsoka rwake rworudyi. Pakupedzisira, chikwata vaongorori ava akaratidza chikonzero chechokwadi rufu, mutongi weIjipiti. Akanga nemaziso bacillus plasmodium falciparum, zvichikonzera yakanyanya marariya. Chirwere kwave dzinouraya kuna mambo, muviri iyo yave simba vachiberekwa zvirwere uye kunotevera yakakonzerwa denda kana kuwa kubva bhiza.

Kuwanikwa guva

Notes Howard Carter kutaura pamusoro makore akawanda kutsvaka kuchangotanga muchirumbidza Valley reMadzimambo. Zvechokwadi, nokuti matatu zvemakore mapiramidhi vakazadzwa jecha, nyika yakachinja chimiro, akachinja vekare nyika kunyange rokuyamura nzvimbo yainzi Ijipiti. Tutankhamun yakanyangarika shure chidzitiro nhoroondo zvokuti nyanzvi dzakawanda kunyange chokwadi kuvapo kwayo. Makore akawanda chete pashure kutanga Zvakafukunurwa muMupata reMadzimambo, pasi mumba imwe vashandi, Carter akaona matanho vaitungamirira pasi. Zvakafukunurwa vawana guva ramambo, hazvimbotinetsi kana vaivapamba kana dzinongoitika dzoga. Kunenge, vavaki, dzichiisa rakatenderera Farao Papera nguva, nokungwarira yazara pasuo reguva Tut. February 16, 1923 Carter akazarura "Golden akagara" - anotungamirira yokuzorora nzvimbo Farao. Pamarinda mutongi yekare zvakazoonekwa vanopfuura zviuru zvitatu kwezvishongo uye mabasa ounyanzvi vakasikwa mhizha vekare vokuIjipiti. Pakati zvinhu vaakawana uye mubhedha, akafukidzwa machira yakaisvonaka, uye-akaafukidza nendarama ngoro dzehondo, mienzaniso ngarava uye zvipfuva pamwe vakawanda zvemaoresa.

Farao Amai

muviri mutongi chakawanikwa chete yechitatu mumutsetse pabhokisi. Amai Kuedza pogrebalschikov yekare akaputirwa nemicheka yerineni wakaisvonaka. The jasi okumusoro akanga yakashongedzwa dzakarukwa appliqué kuratidza maoko yendarama. Farao sokunge akabata tsvimbo uye tyava - zviratidzo vekare mutongi. Between machira akanga zvakawanda zvishongo uye pachavo zvinhu aFarao, uye transverse nezvisungo yakaisvonaka, Mabhuku eBraille neminyengetero ekare uye mifananidzo kubva mubhuku vakafa. Kana jira rinoshandiswa inonhuwirira nebwe nziyo ikozvino akarasika, izvo matatu emakore zvakasimba glued kumakuva anofukidza muviri Amai wacho.

zvinoshamisa kuwanikidza

Asi chinonyanya kushamisa kuwanikwa aiva kunge Tutankhamun, akafukidza chiso chake. Kutarisa pamusoro archeologists anoshamisa kusikwa vatenzi yekare. chinhu ichi anofanira kuva yoga tsananguro zvakarurama. Masiki vatongi muIjipiti vaiva chaizvo kwese kuti nguva. Asi hapana wamarinda chifukidzo haana kuona vomunguva yedu. Mhosva ichi guva mbavha yaparadzwa makuva ekare kwezviuru zvemakore. Zviri nemhaka matema archeologists ano Egyptology tarisa hypotheses dzavo uye zvekungofungira kuti dzinobva mashomanana havasi dzaba zvinhu muguva rekare. Uye kukosha kuwanikwa vawana Carter isina kumbobatwa yekare kuvigwa.

Description Farao chifukidzo

Gold kunge Tutankhamun anofukidza musoro uye yokumusoro chikamu mutongi muviri. Yose zvayo pakurema kwayo 11.26 makirogiramu. Izvi yakanakisisa hwakakwana nemazvo wanamatira rokumusoro muviri uye chiso mutongi weIjipiti. The chifukidzo inomiririra chiso Farao makuru achishamisika unoburuswa meso namavara akanaka pachavo vari yakagadzirwa obsidian. Uku chidimbu ounyanzvi chinoshamisa chakagadzirwa gobvu Pepa goridhe uye yakashongedzwa nemamwe nezvishongo. Scarf, nevagari vayo uye anopenya artfully wakadzidzisa rima yebhuruu regirazi sechishongo chomuhuro zororo riri bhokisi rimwe Amai, yakanga yakashongedzwa nemabwe Semi-anokosha. Gold kunge Tutankhamun tichionga chinokosha inonhuwirira nebwe rakanga zvakasimba vakanamatira chiso Amai wacho. Zvakanditorera refu uye okunyatsoshanda kuti zviparadzanise rakasiyana chinhu, pasina kujaidza runako rwayo. Uye nemhaka unyanzvi vatenzi akare, vanodzidza nezvavanhu ano vakakwanisa kuziva chokwadi musoro zvaidiwa chiso yekare yaFarao.

Egyptian chiratidzo

Zvinoshamisa matongo amuwane zvikuru vakaudza pachaunga uye kukonzera nhaurirano siyana uye okolonauchnyh zvekungofungira. Zita Tutankhamun kwakazivikanwa nevanhu vakawanda, uye akakonzera sefungu kufarira kudzidza zvekare weIjipiti uye nyika yekare yose.

Golden King Tut kuti chifukidzo achine mumwe musika ukoshi. Izvi kwezvishongo rekare rune zvenhoroondo tsika uye zvishongo zvinokosha,. Mupfungwa, ari kunge Tutankhamun uye chiratidzo yekare uye ano Egipita, chikuru zviratidzwa of National Museum iri Cairo. Iye airamba kuba okupedzisira kuedza kwakaitwa muna 2011 munguva muIjipita Spring ainzi. Modern vagere Egipita ndezvaJehovha masiki sedumwa, mauto yekare kuti arinde zvakavanzika Tutankhamen anopfuura matatu emakore. VaEgipita vari kutarisira kuti nyika yavo yekare achakurumidza kuva zvakare mumwe mukuru nyika munyika, uye kunge Tutankhamun navo ino zvachose batsira.