Mazita kwamahwendefa kupfuura Earth. Shanduro nyika inotungamirwa

Sei makondinendi uye zvitsuwa? Chii chinoratidza zita makuru mahwendefa Nyika? redu akaita kupi?

Ayakaita?

Mumwe akamboshumira ainetseka pamusoro pemavambo redu. Nokuti vezvitendero zvikuru vanhu nyore: Mwari akasika nyika mumazuva 7 - kumwedzi. Ndivo wakasimba zvavanotenda, kunyange anoziva mazita makuru lithospheric ndiro, aumba somugumisiro dzidziso yepasi pevhu. Kwavari, kuberekwa nhare yedu - chiri chishamiso, uye hapana nharo geophysicists, vasayendisiti uye nyanzvi havagoni kwavari vabvume kudaro.

Zvisinei, masayendisiti, maonero akasiyana yakavakirwa hypotheses uye zvekungofungira. Imeeno ivo raizoshanda, inotunga uye kusunungura pridumavayut akapoteredza zita. Most Slabs guru Nyika ari kukanganiswa.

Panguva iyi haisi kuzivikanwa kuti makasimba yedu ipapo, asi pane yakawanda dzinonakidza pfungwa. Kuti nyanzvi rakabvumirana kuti kamwe paiva chete giganstsky huru somugumisiro nenjodzi dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa pamusoro yakakamurwa nhengo. Uyewo, masayendisiti kubuda kwete chete nezita makuru mahwendefa Nyika, asi vanozivikanwa diki.

Pfungwa vava kuda fungidziro

Somuenzaniso, Immanuel Kant uye Per Laplas - masayendisiti kubva kuGermany - vakatenda kuti muchadenga yakabuda kubva gaseous nebula uye Earth - nyika iri zvishoma nezvishoma inotonhodza, kuti goko ndiyo - hapana akafanana two chilled penyika.

Mumwe musayendisiti, Otto Yulevich Shmidt, vaidavira kuti zuva sezvo ichipfuura chikamu chacho gasi-guruva gore akabatwa shure. Shanduro yake kuti Earth wedu haana zvizere yakanyungudutswa fuma uye pakutanga yaiva nechando nyika.

Kana uchitenda dzidziso musayendisiti British Fred Hoyle, zuva raiva nyeredzi-mapatya, izvo raputika yakafanana supernova. Inenge ose zvidimbu kukandwa pamusoro yakakura marefu uye vashoma vasara vakakomba zuva ikava nyika. Mumwe nezvimedu izvi uye akava paucheche vanhu.

Version somunhu axiom

Vakawanda panowanikwa nhoroondo paNyika riri sezvinotevera:

• Makore anenge mabhiriyoni 7 apfuura akaumba chikuru inotonhora nyika, ipapo pfuma yayo zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga vakuchidzire.
• Zvadaro, panguva vanonzi "mwedzi zera" unopisa dhaka vakadirana huru kwazvo pamusoro pemvura. Izvi zvakaguma paumbwe zvikuru mhepo uye riwedzere nokuda paumbwe goko - lithosphere.
• Nokuda mumhepo iri rinonyanya nyika akazviratidza nyanza, apo nyika akazadza gobvu goko, anomirira hurukuro gungwa nembiya uye Continental miganhu. Mumazuva iwayo mvura nzvimbo zvakawanda zvakapararira pane nyika yacho. Nenzira, paNyika goko uye yokumusoro nejasi unonzi lithosphere, iyo anoumba lithosphere ndiro anoumba zvinonyatsorehwa "chimiro" Nyika. Mazita chikuru Slabs anoenderana ayo nenzvimbo chinzvimbo.

hofori paradzanisa

Sezvo makondinendi vakaumba uye lithospheric mahwendefa? Makore anenge mamiriyoni 250 apfuura Pasi akatarira zvikuru chakaipa, sezvo iye zvino. Ipapo nyika yakanga chete, chete chete, kondinendi hofori yainzi Pangea. nzvimbo Its zvachose zvinoorora uye akaenzana nzvimbo dzose zviripo ikozvino makondinendi, kusanganisira zvitsuwa. Pangea vose kumativi nenyanza, iyo yainzi Panthalassa. Izvi gungwa guru dzatora vamwe nyika pevhu.

Zvisinei, kuvapo supercontinent raiva pfupi. Inside the Earth seethed urongwa, izvo kwakaguma jasi fuma vakatanga kupararira mirayiridzo zvose, zvishoma nezvishoma Munotatamura huru. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Pangea kutanga disengaged kupinda 2 zvikamu, zvichiumba kumakondinendi maviri - Laurasia uye Gondwana. Ipapo makondinendi zvishoma nezvishoma rwakakamukana zhinji zvidimbu, iyo vakaenda zvavo vakaparadzana nzira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuwedzera makondinendi itsva, akazviratidza lithospheric ndiro. Kubva musoro kwamahwendefa kupfuura zviri pachena mune nzvimbo vakaumba hofori Kunetsana.

Vakasara Gondwana - ichi tinoziva Australia uye Antarctica, uyewo South Africa uye African lithospheric kwamahwendefa. Zvinonzi zvakaratidza kuti mahwendefa aya uye munguva yedu zvishoma nezvishoma diverge - kubva kufamba kumhanya 2 cm pagore.

Shards Laurasia dzikava mbiri lithospheric matete - North America uye Eurasian. Muchiitiko chino, Eurasia harisi chete kubva chaenga Laurasia, asiwo chikamu Gondwana. Mazita zvikuru Slabs kuti vanoumba Eurasia - Hindustan, Arabian uye Eurasian.

In paumbwe kondinendi Eurasian zvakananga raisanganisira Africa. lithospheric mundiro yake zvishoma nezvishoma kutamira pedyo Eurasian, dzikaumba makomo nezvikomo. Imhaka ichi "sungano" yakabuda Carpathians, ichindosvika kuPyrenees, Mountains Mboroma, Alps uye Sudetenland.

List pamusoro lithospheric kwamahwendefa

Mazita kwamahwendefa kupfuura ndeinotevera:

• South American;
• Australian;
• Eurasian;
• North America;
• Antarctic;
• Pacific;
• South American;
• Hindustan.

Mahwendefa svikiro kwemavara - ndiwo:

• chemazino;
• Nazca;
• Scotia;
• Filipino;
• kokonati;
• Strait Juan de Fuca.