Modernism - nayo ... Modernism mu art. vamiriri modernism

Modernism - sangano iri uri dzinoratidzwa kubva yapfuura zvenhoroondo ruzivo uri kusvikira rakwo kuramba. Modernism yakabuda mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, asi ayo ichatonga zvine mbiri vakauya mangwanani 20 remakore fung. Kukura modernism Akaperekedzwa kuchinja mumabhuku, iri rinoonekwa unyanzvi uye mapurani. Culture uye iwe havangagoni kuva kwatangwa kuchinja, asi kudiwa modernism senzira yokuchinja pakutanga remakore rechi20 riri ndotodururwa akanzwa. Zvikurukuru, ndiwedzere muitiro akadzikama, asi dzimwe nguva akatora ngwizhingwi siyana modernism, sezvo zvakaita muduku Artist Salvador Dali, uyo aiedza kuvaka unyanzvi surrealism pasina kunonoka. Zvisinei, tsika uye uri kukwanisa yakakodzera, saka hapana anogona rikurumidze kana kunetesa muitiro.

Evolution of modernism

The paradigm pamusoro modernism zvava kuzivikanwa panguva yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20, asi ipapo nechido nokuchinja kukuru mune rotanga kuvira uye French "unyanzvi Nouveau", German "Art Nouveau" uye "Russian ano" yakapfuura modernism sezvo kutanga pamusoro echimurenga, akatora vadekara chimiro .

Modernism mukudzidza kana unyanzvi modernism?

Kunzwisisa prioritization pakati Formulations izvi kwaiva nevanyori, vemifananidzo uye ezvivako wenyika yakabudirira nyika yose. Vamwe vamiririri vaitungamirira Zviedza mumunda ounyanzvi vaidavira kuti modernism - refu-akamirirwa kuchinja, uye vanofanira kuva tanga ari pakuzadzisa yebudiriro, rimwe davi modernism basa gadziridzo nomunhu nzvimbo mumunda ounyanzvi uye hapana zvakawanda. Controversy vakaramba kuratidza nyaya dzavo hapana aigona. Kunyange zvakadaro, modernism mune akauya, uye ichi chaiva nhangaruvanze kuti pakuzadzisa paro kumativi ose. Kuchinja havana kuoneka pakarepo kunokanganisa inertia munzanga, sezvo riri dzose, akatanga kukurukura nemiitiro itsva, munhu waiva kuchinja, mumwe haadi kuzvigamuchira. Ipapo kuoneke akaita modernism unyanzvi vatungamiriri, vanyori vakakurumbira, vaimbi, uye vose vaifunga mberi, akatanga kusimudzira zvinhu zvitsva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma modernism chaizivikanwa.

Modernism ari ziso hwemashiripiti

The chikuru zvataurwa modernism mubasa renguva pamwero painting, Portrait kudhirowa, chivezwa uye dzimwe mhando kuona uri yakabuda munzvimbo yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Hwaro wakaradzikwa muna 1863, apo Paris yakanga yavakwazve vanonzi 'Salon of Anoramba ", kuungana-avngardisty Artists uye kupa basa ravo. Salon zita anotaura pacharo, voruzhinji haana kubvuma husingaoneki kupenda, akaramba izvozvo. Kunyange zvakadaro, kungoti kuonekwa "Salon of Anoramba" akati kuti modernist uri ari kumirira pamutemo.

mirayiridzo modernism

Nokukurumidza modernist kuitikawo vakatora kongiri chimiro, zvinotevera nezvemaitiro unyanzvi:

• Abstract expressionism - rinokosha werudzii kupenda apo yokudhirowa anopedza ake okugadzira zvinhu zvishoma nguva yakawanda, vanorasira kupenda pamusoro kanivhasi, runobva unobatwa kune kupenda brushes, randomly vachikonzera zvokurova.
• Dada - mabasa uri mune kollaasi mararamiro marongerwo pamusoro kanivhasi zvishomanana zvimedu imwe nyaya. Images kazhinji azadzwa pfungwa negation, kutsoropodza yokusvika kuna nyaya. Style akasimuka pakarepo mushure World War First uye akava kuratidzira kusava netariro, richipararira munzanga.
• Cubism - randomly akaronga geometric nhamba. Wokugadzira pacharo zvikuru zvinoyevedza, yapakuvamba ounyanzvi sezvinoita cubism akasika Pablo Pikasso. A siyanei kusvika kune basa the artist Pol Sezann - mifananidzo yake zvinosanganisirwawo chezvipo ounyanzvi nyika.
• Post-Impressionism - Kurambwa rinooneka chokwadi uye yaitsiva chaidzo mifananidzo decoration stylization. Style kukuru zvinogona, asi zvinonzi zvakazara chinozoiswa Vincent chete Van Gogh uye Pol Gogen.

Surrealism, mumwe mukuru nhare modernism

Surrealism - hope uye chokwadi, unyanzvi wechokwadi, tichiratidza kupfuura fungidzira pfungwa womufananidzo. Dzepamusorosoro surrealist Painters vaiva Salvador Dali, Ernst Fuchs uye Arno Breker, izvo pamwe chete vanoumba "Golden Triangle kuti surrealism".

Painting Style ane kubatwa zvokuora

Fauvism - maitiro, zvichikonzera pfungwa chido uye simba, inozivikanwa nokuda kusimudzirwa ruvara uye "mhuka" mavara kuratidza. Zano iri uyewo muzviitiko zvakawanda kusvikira zvakanyanyisa. Vatungamiri iyi muitiro vaiva Henri Matisse uye André Derain.

Organics mune

Futurism - ane Organic mubatanidzwa unyanzvi uye zvinotaurwa Cubism fomizma, bope mavara hwakakanyiwa panosangana yakarurama mitsetse, zvokuridza uye pamakona. Image Dynamics ari-unoparadza zvose hunhu pamufananidzo zvose zviri munyika zvitange, simba anogona kuonekwa zvose.

Style Georgian mifananidzo Niko Pirosmani

Primitivism - the mifananidzo mufananidzo sezvinoita munhu vanoziva uye nemaune anoitwa, zvichiguma muenzaniso akafanana chinyakare okugadzira zvinhu mwana kana rusvingo mifananidzo nomumapako vemadzinza chinyakare. Chinyakare Style kupenda hazvideredzi zvayo zvinoyevedza sandara, kana iri vauye imwe mifananidzo wechokwadi. A mumiririri vakakurumbira primitivism raiva Niko Pirosmani.

mabhuku modernism

Mabhuku modernism unotsiva isingachinji dzenhoroondo canons kuti rondedzero. Akaumba mukutanga remakore rechi20, manyorero zvokunyora enganonyorwa uye nyaya zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga zviratidzo kurega kunotanga, mumwe kufinhwa siyana zvokuratidzira. Ipapo vanyori vakatanga kuenda vamwe, yamboshandiswa kududzirwa romubati pamuviri. Vaverengi chakabayirwa zvepfungwa nouzivi pfungwa. Saka pakave manyorero anowana tsanangudzo "Rwizi pfungwa" yakavakirwa zvakadzama nzwisiso zvepfungwa evanhu. The kupfuura unoshamisa Muenzaniso modernism mumabhuku ari itsva ne American munyori William Faulkner akadana "Sound uye Fury."

Mumwe nomumwe vevatambi ari yokufungidzira anoongororwa maererano ayo dzemitemo dzinokosha, tsika uye zvinangwa. Faulkner kuti chidobi kwakakodzera, sezvo imhaka usimbe uye rakadzika kuongorora yezvakaita mutambi ane nyaya dzinonakidza. Kuburikidza kwayo tsvakurudzo Uilyam Folkner kunyora Style ndiyo chikamu "yendarama shanu" US vanyori, uyewo vamwe vanyori vaviri - Dzhon Steynbek uye Skott Fittsdzherald, uyo basa rake kuedza kutevera mutemo yakadzama kuongorora.

vamiriri modernism mumabhuku:

• Uolt Uitmen, zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa nokuda nhetembo muunganidzwa "Mashizha Grass."
• Sharl Bodler - dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo, "Flowers Uipi".
• Arthur Rambo - nhetembo "Illuminations", "Rimwe zhizha muhero."
• Fyodor Dostoevsky nemabasa "The Brothers Karamazov" uye "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" riri Russian mabhuku modernism.

Basa muperekedzi Vector masimba kuti simba vakanyora - havaoni pane modernism, akatapa vazivi Henri Bergson, Uilyam Dzheyms, Fridrih Nitsshe, uye vamwe. Handisi kugara parutivi uye Sigmund Freud.

Pamusana modernism nezuva rokutanga remakore rechi20 mabhuku siyana matatu akanga akanyatsosiyana achinja.

Nguva modernism, vanyori uye vadetembi?

Pakati zvakanakisisa anozivikanwa vanyori modernism nguva ndidzo dzinotevera vanyori uye vadetembi

• Anna Akhmatova (1889-1966) - Russian nyanduri akashungurudzwa wematambudziko, akafirwa mhuri yake mumakore Stalin kuti repressions. Ndiye muvambi anoverengeka muunganidzwa nhetembo, uyewo rinozivikanwa nhetembo "Requiem".
• Franz Kafka (1883-1924) - chinhu chaizvo pamakakatanwa yeAustria munyori ane mabasa vaionekwa penga. Mumakore upenyu munyori enganonyorwa ake hadzina rakabudiswa. Pakafa Kafka mabasa ake ose dzakabudiswa, pasinei nokuti iye zvakasimba kuti ichi uye panguva upenyu conjured executors ake kupisa enganonyorwa pakarepo pashure pokufa kwake. Pachake achaparadza manyoro munyori asingagoni, pavaifamba maoko uye kudzokera munyori kwavari, hapana admirers ake haana kuenda.
• Uilyam Folkner (1898-1962) - Kumukundi kubva 1949 Nobel Literature Prize, iyo inozivikanwa nokuti akasikwa vemungano County muAmerican ruzhinji, rinonzi Yoknapatawpha, vanhu pamwe vatambi uye vakatanga kurondedzera hwavo. Mabasa Faulkner vari chinopa kunzwisisa STRUCTURAL hunhu, asi kana muverengi rinokundikana kunzwisisa neshinda chokurondedzera, zvino bvisa kubva yokufungidzira, nyaya kana nyaya yacho American munyori akakurumbira hakuchina zvinobvira.
• Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) - mumwe vateveri vakatendeka vazhinji modernism mune mabhuku. enganonyorwa ake uye nyaya dziri achirova dzavo dzinokosha simba. Kwoupenyu hwake, munyori aiva irritant neU.S. zviremera, izvozvo zvakashatirisa ufuza kufungirana, nzira kuti zvaishandiswa deginamajai kuunza Hemingway parutivi rwake, zvakanga penga. It zvose zvapera munhu huta kuzorwara munyori uye vagari placement muchipatara chepfungwa. Munyori ane rudo rumwe chete muupenyu hwake - hwake kuvhima pfuti. July 2, 1961 Hemingway vakazviuraya vachiita zvokupfurwa pachake ane pfuti iyi.
• Thomas Mann (1875-1955) - munyori German, munyori wenyaya, chimwe chezvinhu vanoshingaira vanyori enyika muGermany. mabasa ake ose azadzwa zvematongerwo enyika, asi unyanzvi kukosha kwayo, ivo hatiori kubva ichi. Mann hapana mutorwa okugadzira zvinhu uye utere, muenzaniso uyu - ". The nokureurura Felix Krull" ari yokufungidzira The protagonist ndiwo maitiro nemabasa Oscar Wilde, Dorian Gray. Zviratidzo modernism nemabasa Thomas Mann pachena.
• Marcel Proust (1871-1922) - munyori French, munyori mavhoriyumu nomwe mabasa "Kutsvaka Lost Time" iyo yakakurukura chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mimwe mabhuku remakore rechi20. Proust ari wepachokwadi muteveri modernism sezvo vaizotibata kupfuura nzira mabhuku kukura.
• Virdzhiniya Vulf (1882-1942) - munyori Chirungu, runoonekwa zvikuru zvechokwadi muteveri "Rwizi pfungwa". Modernism waiva munyori zvinorehwa hwake, kuwedzera zvakawanda enganonyorwa pamusoro Virginia Woolf ari kunobatsira vari adaptations vanoverengeka mabasa ake.

Chaiko Modernism akava chinokosha simba pamusoro basa evanyori uye vadetembi maererano nani uye kubudirira.

ano akitekicha

Mashoko okuti "modernism mu mapurani" rinoreva rokuti "mapurani ano" nokuti anotaura kuti musoro kubatana. Asi pfungwa modernism hapasi kureva "ano" riri nani Shoko "ano." Art Nouveau uye Modernism - siyana pfungwa mbiri.

Modernist akitekicha zvinoreva kutanga mapiyona okusika mapurani ano uye nokushanda navo imwe nguva, pamwe 20-ikakuruma uye 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Modern akitekicha Mikoko shure ichangopfuura nenhamba. Kunoonekwa makore makumi mashanu uye pane nguva modernism muna mapurani, apo kwaita nemiitiro matsva.

Nezvemaitiro akitekicha ano

Modern akitekicha - izvi zvakaparadzana nzvimbo mapurani, dzakadai European dzichipfekeka kuvakwa 1920-30 kana kusashanduka rationalism wokuRussia mavakirwo maviri, kana dzimba dzakavakwa zviuru chimwe chirongwa. Izvi German "Bauhaus", "Art deco" muFrance, international manyorerwo, makemikari, brutalism mapurani. Zvose kumusoro mapazi mumwe muti - ano mapurani.

Prestavitelyami modernism mu mapurani vari: Le Korbyuze, Oscar Niemeyer, Richard Neutra, Walter Gropius, Frenk Lloyd Rayt nevamwe.

Modernism nziyo

Modernism - yokutsiva Style pfungwa, asi nziyo nokuchinja kuvimba achinyanya mukuru zvataurwa ethnographic tsika vanhu. Progressive dzinoitwa nemagariro zvikamu zviri kunotozongoita achiperekedzwa transformations munyika mimhanzi. Modernity anoita pachake ezvinhu ayo zvenziyo masangano kuti rinoparadzirwa munharaunda. Zvisinei, tsika modernism hazvichinji ainakidza marimba siyana.