Mudzidzi mudumbu Earth. The chikuru zvataurwa Geological tsvakurudzo

Zvemaumbirwo - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza nziyo, marongerwo uye mifananidzo Kugadzirwa nyika wacho menyika. sainzi Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda nzira. Geologist - munhu inodzidza muura enyika.

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti 'zvemaumbirwo "

Mushoko rechiGiriki "zvemaumbirwo" rinoshandurwa kuti "nyika" uye "kudzidzisa". Pakutanga, shoko "zvemaumbirwo" - science mitemo nemirayiro venyika - aipikisa shoko "dzidziso" - sayenzi upenyu hwomudzimu.

Paunoona shoko iri, hapana zuva chairo. Vamwe vanofunga kuti izvi izwi akazviratidza muna 1603, uye akashandisa musayendisiti ake Italian Ulisse Aldrovandi. Vamwe vanodavira kuti shoko sezvaari muna 1657 Norwegian musayendisiti uye mudzidzi ari muura enyika, Mikkel Pederson Eskholt, zvino muna 1778 zvakanzi rakashandiswa Jean-André Deluc. Pakupedzisira shoko akapinda kushandiswa muna 1779 nemhaka Horace-Benedict of Saussure.

Kare zvakawanda akashandisa shoko rokuti "geognosy", iye akataura kuti Vanodzidza German H. Fyukselem uye AG Werner. Pakupera ari XIX remakore, izwi yaita zvisingachashandiswi.

zvemaumbirwo Forums

Zvemaumbirwo ndiyo nesayenzi nhoroondo. Imwe yacho huru mabasa ndiko kuziva kutevedzana kwezviitiko Geological zviitiko. ongororo Geological vanokamurwa munzvimbo huru nhatu:

1. Anorondedzera zvemaumbirwo - zvidzidzo placement, akafanana, chimiro uye kukura geologic muviri, matombo uye zvicherwa, uyewo kutevedzana kwezviitiko panowanikwa yokucheka mapuranga.
2. Dynamic zvemaumbirwo - Geological pezvakaitwa munyaya shanduka - kuparadzwa pamatombo, yokutama, kuunganidza kwemvura, sangano renyika nechepasi, kuputika kwemakomo, kudengenyeka kwepasi.
3. Historical zvemaumbirwo - inodzidza kutevedzana kwezviitiko pezvakaitwa munguva Geological kare.

Mumwe nomumwe munzvimbo inoomerera zvarinotaura uye kutsvakurudza nzira. With veMubatanidzwa ruzivo rutsva inoongorora zvikamu chokuwedzera, chikuru nzvimbo pakutsvakurudza nhasi ndiyo sayenzi zvinotevera:

1. Sayenzi pasi goko.
2. Sayenzi yemazuva ano Geological kwendangariro.
3. Sayenzi enhoroondo kutevedzana kwezviitiko Geological kwendangariro.
4. Zvakarurama anoranga.
5. Regional zvemaumbirwo.

basa geologist

Kazhinji, basa iri chokuita dzorudo zvokufamba, omoto uye vaimbi Bearded, asi kunongova chimwe ahwo akawanda. Student pakati muura enyika, ane ruzivo maererano chikamu nayo inoshanda. Place basa kunoenderana chikamu inoongorora uye mabasa. Izvi zvinogona rwendo - nyaya yokudzidza mumunda. Izvi zvinogona pakusikwa mabasa kana zvirongwa zvokutsvakurudza - kuongorora mashoko awanika mukati cabinet. In peturu geologist basa chokuita kutsvaka mafuta kana gasi deposits. Inoziva zvokuputika kwemakomo - nyanzvi inodzidza kuputika basa. Ko kutsvaga geologist-searcher? Zvikurukuru, anofarira mamineral zvicherwa. In pakuvaka anodiwa ruzivo engineering zvemaumbirwo.

Zvemaumbirwo muRussia

Kubvira kare, ari Urals uye Altai akashanda "rudoznattsy" uye "rudosyschiki". Vakanga mubasa ubanguranyika uye kugadzirwa nesimbi nemhangura ores, mabwe anokosha uye nezvimwe zvicherwa.

Lomonosov aiva mudzidzi ari muura enyika, akaisa nheyo kuti pave Russian zvemaumbirwo, nokudaro tisingabvumiri masayendisiti Western zvikanganiso.

Muzana XIX remakore rakatanga kukura bhizimisi migodhi, mashoko anodiwa kugadzira. Kuti izvi zvidaro, ari Urals, Eastern Siberia uye Caucasus akatanga kudziongorora. Nokufamba Geological basa kuCaucasus mukazvizarurira deposits mafuta, simbi, mhangura, kutungamirira, sirivha, uye chicherwa matsime emvura.

Kukura chinotsva indasitiri pave uchida kudziongorora muna Donets Basin.

Vanodzidza Russian, kusiyana Western Europe, vakazvimiririra akasvika pfungwa paumbwe placers goridhe. nzvimbo yavo yedzidzo nokuda kuparadzwa mutsinga-kubereka goridhe.

Ubanguranyika iri European kwenyika vakapa zvakawanda uye zvinhu kuti kunzwisisa itsva nemamiriro Russian Plain.

Pahwaro topographic mepu akatanga kusika wokutanga Geological mepu. Pakupera yokutanga petrographic mepu akasikwa ari XVIII remakore.

Muna 1882, ivo Geological Committee yakatangwa. Zvakatanga kudzidza Russian Plain hwakadzama. Nokufamba basa iri mugwara idzva zvemaumbirwo - palaeogeography - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza mumuviri okunze ari Geological kare.

Basa rakanga kudzidza murenje, Siberia uye Central Asia.

The zvemaumbirwo muSoviet Union

Munguva reSoviet iyoyo, zvemaumbirwo of USSR kunge kusimukira uye hunakidze. Pashure October Revolution pakati Geological kupfura yakasvika anopfuura 35% munyika. Pakazosvika 1945, akanga ratokunda 66% of mamiriro.

Nzendo dzakarongwa pamusoro Kola Peninsula, kweItari Taimyr, Polar Urals, muna Pechora mumudziyo, Altai Mountains uye nedzimwe nzvimbo.

Deposit yakawanikwa potashi Solikamsk uye Bereznyakov - mumwe deposits kupfuura munyika.

Akatanga kutsvaka uye ubanguranyika kuti oiri munharaunda pakati Volga uye Urals. Deep mafuta Drilling akapa matsime.

Pamwe kuchera mainjiniya kuonekwa Vanodzidza kuti unyanzvi hwakasiyana vanodzidza goko paNyika.

Ari kutsvaka geologist nhasi? Zvinenge zvose minda mikuru pazvakawanikwa uye vachiongorora. The pezvakaitwa kuitika muura dzenyika, uchidzidza kuvandudza zivo zvemaumbirwo. On mibvunzo yakawanda mhinduro vakagamuchira vamwe mhinduro asi. Chave inopfuura kwenguva yakareba munhu inodzidza muura enyika, vakasaita mashoko, asi chete tanga mhinduro itsva dzemibvunzo itsva.