Muenzaniso weidioadaptation yemhuka nemiti

Idioadaptation, pamwe ne-aromorphosis, ndeimwe yenzira huru yekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Kusiyana neiyo yekupedzisira, inobatsira pakuonekwa mhuka nemiti yeasingaiti, asi kushanduka kwakasiyana kunogona kuenzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu hwavo uye zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nezvakatipoteredza.

Muenzaniso wakajeka

Muenzaniso wakazonaka wekutsvaga hupenyu pakati pezvinhu zvinorarama ndehuwandu hwehupfumi hwemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana siyana, uye kazhinji dzakasiyana, latitudinal zones. Kunyanya iyo inowanikwa mumhuri yembwa nemapumhi. Vamiririri vavo vanogona kuwanika pamativi ose enyika, kubva kubhandi reArctic kusvika kune dzinopisa. Uye zvose zvinokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwemhando dzemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, uye izvi zvinonyanya kuderedza kupikisana pakati pavo.

Mitauro yedidioadaptation

Zvichienderana nekuchinja kwechimiro chemuviri kana mararamiro ehupenyu, ndezve tsika yekusiyanisa mazita anotevera ediodioaptation:

• Nechimiro chemuviri. Izvi zvinosanganiswa nekushandurwa kwemakumbo, nhengo kana muviri wose, zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika, rudzi rwekudya, kuvepo kwe interspecific uye intraspecific kurwisana (zvinoitwa nehupenyu hwemuviri wehove, yakagadzirirwa giraffe mutsipa, mapapiro atrophied mu shiri).
• Nemavara. Kuchinja mumucheka weganda kunogona kuva kwegore kana kuti kunomiririra kune mamiriro emuviri. Muenzaniso wakajeka wekutaura kwemavara ndiwo "winter" uye "ichhizha" ruvara rweharu. Iwe unogonawo kusarudza makeleons uye nyuchi, izvo zvinoshandura ruvara zvichienderana nekupisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu, kana kutya kana kutyisidzira muvengi. Zvimwe zvipenyu zvinorarama zvine ruvara rwakanyanya, runyararo rwemavara epidermis. Izvi zvinonzi "nyevero". Inogona kuwanikwa kakawanda kune zvinouraya zvinopisa uye zvipembenene. Uyewo muenzaniso wakanaka weidioadaptation is mimicry. Inogona kuwanikwa kune vasiri vamiririri vezvisikwa zvemhuka. Vanoshandisa mavara akajeka kuti vadzivirire kurwisana nezvikara, nokudaro zvichivatsausa.
• Nenzira yekufamba. Kuchinja kwakadaro kwakaumbwa mumhuka dziri pasi pesimba rekugara. Ihove dzaiva nemabhazi ezviro zvaivabvumira kuti varambe vari mumvura, zviputi zvezvisimbiso nemakwati zvakashandurwa kuva zvigunwe, uye shiri dzakagamuchira keel uye mapfupa etubular kuti zvive nyore uye zvakanyatsofamba.
• Nokuberekwa. Sezvazvinozivikanwa, kune marudzi mazhinji ekuberekwa, ayo akaumbwa pasi pesimba rezvakatipoteredza nekushanduka. Zvimwe zvipenyu zviri viviparous, hove inopa, zvikara zvinokonzera mazai, uye zvipembenene - mhangura.
• Nokukwanisa kwezvakatipoteredza . Izvo zvinhu zvose zviri nyore: zvichienderana nemamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu epanyika munharaunda yehupenyu, izvozvi kana kuti idioadaptation inoumbwa. Mienzaniso: mafuta ari pasi pevamiririri vezvipenyu zvenyama, nguva yemwaka, hump yemakamera.

Idioadaptation mumhuka

Chimbofunga mienzaniso yakajeka yeydioadaptation mumhuka. Pakati pemhuka dzakadyiwa dzine hutachiona hwepamusoro hwehutano hwepachivande dzinogona kuonekwa mutsva. Mutsara waro wakagadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma ukava trunk, mamwe mazino arophied sezvisina kufanira, uye rurimi rwakawana urefu hwakareba uye elasticity. Kuratidzika kwakadaro kunokonzerwa nehukuru hwekudya kweizvi. Nehutano hwakadaro, nharaunda iri nyore nyore kuwana huro hwahwo hunodiwa - mito uye zvipembenene. Zvisinei, kana pasina kushaiwa kwezvokudya, zvinowanzova nengozi, sezvo urongwa hwakadaro hwomuromo hunoita kuti zvishoma zvive nyore zvekudya, izvo zvingakanganisa kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu uye kusimbisa kukwikwidzana kwemukati.

Kuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana muhutano hwemuviri wemuviri uyewo muenzaniso wakanaka weidioadaptation. Zvinyorwa zvake zvakashandura kuchera pasi, nzeve dzakatorwa neatrophied, maziso haaine lens uye retina nekuda kwekushaiwa kwechiedza, uye nzvimbo dzebvudzi dzinobvumira mhuka kuti iende mumakata akadzika pasi penzvimbo chero ipi zvayo.

Idioadaptation in shiri

Muzhinji, kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kweeshiri dziri pasi pano pachako kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana. Mune mhuka dzine feather, mafungiro ehupenyu huzhinji anowanzozviratidza mukushandurwa kwemativi akasiyana emuviri. Saka, semuenzaniso, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvokudya, mumhando dzakasiyana dzeeshiri kune zvisikwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zvemuti. Munzvimbo dzinotyisa dzeparrots uye toucan, chikamu ichi chemuviri chinopesana nekukura uye kukura, izvo zvinovabvumira kudya nyore michero nemiti yakakura. Miti yemaduku maduku ine chimiro chakakonzera uye chakakoshevedza yekubviswa kwezvinhu zvikuru zvezvokudya - mbeu uye zvipembenene.

Imwe muenzaniso wakajeka wehudioadaptation ndiyo kuchinja kwemakumbo. Nokudaro mvura yakasviba yakaonekwa micheche, uye eagles nemakwenzi - magwenga ane simba ekuvhima makirwe. Uyewo zvakakodzera kubhadhara kumapapiro. Mumhou nemapenguin, zvinowanzosipo nekuda kwekugara mumapani uye zvakanyanya kuwanda.

Idioadaptation muhove

Maitiro emuviri wemuviri uye kuvapo kwemhepo inoputika ndiyo inoshandiswa inoshandiswa mukati mehupenyu hwose hwemvura. Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekurarama pane zvakadzika zvakasiyana, mavhidhiyo akawanda evanhu akatanga kuonekwa kune vakawanda.

Munzvimbo dzepamusoro dzegungwa unogona kusangana nenhamba huru yehove dzepasi dzinopisa, asi ruvara rwazvo rwakatsvuka, ndeyekukonzerwa nekuwanda kwezuva. Asi, semuenzaniso, vagari vepasi vanosiyana mune zvavanoita zvegadziriro. Vakashandura kusvika kumanikidziro wepamusoro pamvura yepamusoro pamusana pomufananidzo wakavezwa wemuviri (stingrays, flounder).

Idioadaptation muzvipembenene

Zvipembenene zvinorarama zvipenyu zvinowanzoswedzerwa kudidio. Ivo, kufanana nemafungiro akawanda, vakadzidza kurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana akaumbwa nemhepo. Muenzaniso wakajeka wehudioadaptation wezvipembenene ndeyemuvara. Iyo yakavharidzirwa yakafukidzirwa yezvimwe zvipenyu inonyevera zvinopisa zvehutachiona hwavo. Asi zvipembenene zvisina mhosva zvakagamuchira mifananidzo yakafanana seyanyengeri, asi panguva imwechete nzira dzinoshanda chaizvo dzekudzivirirwa.

Idioadaptation mumiti

Zvichienderana nemhando yevhu, maitiro emamiriro ekunze, uyewo pasi pesimba rezvakatipoteredza, idioadaptation yemiti inoumbwa. Mienzaniso:

• Munharaunda dzerenje, uko kune zvakakosha zvikuru zvemhepo uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemazuva, miriwo yakagadzirirwa kuponesa nekuda kwenguva yakareba uye yakanyatsogadzirwa midzi uye mashizha maduku akafukidzwa nehutete hwakaoma hwekate.
• Munharaunda dzepasi, mbeu hadzisi yakasiyana nekukura, nguva yavo yezvirimwa yakaderera kaviri, uye mashizha acho maduku uye akachena.
• Mumamiriro ezvinhu emvura, mbeu idzi dzakashandura mashizha awo emashizha, akazova akareba uye akareruka, kuitira kuti arege kutora mvura yakawanda.