Naryn-Kala Fortress, Dagestan, Derbent. Description, karwendo, nhoroondo

Naryn-Kala Fortress (Dagestan) ndiro kuzivikanwa kuguta Derbent. nhare Izvi waibatanidzwa UNESCO pandandanda sezvo rinokudzwa nhoroondo netsika Monument wenyika kukosha. Kusvikira zvino vakachengetedzwa masvingo, masuo seshongwe mupomerwi zvakaoma. Inside munhare riri mvura matangi reservoirs, mazwi, muchinjikwa domed chechi uye Juma Mosque. Ava vekupedzisira maviri zvikuru temberi yekare muna Russian Federation.

Nyanzvi vachiri Chavanoitirana nharo sei makore akawanda Naryn-Kala dzakaitwa. The dzokutanga kuvakwa wakakombwa ndezvaJehovha remakore rechitanhatu, uye vazhinji achangopfuura - neshanu. Ngatitorei rakapotsa vachiratidzwa ichi memasvingo yekare.

Naryn-Kala nhare nhoroondo

Derbent guta pacharo makore anopfuura zviuru zvishanu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wenhare rinonzi Naryn-Kala, kureva simba zuva, akatanga kuvaka Shah Kavad muzana remakore rechitanhatu. mwanakomana wake, Khosrow wokutanga Anushirwan, akaramba basa nababa vake uye akavaka nhare rusvingo, pindana ndima pakati kuCaucasus uye kweGungwa reCaspian. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kureba kwarwo makiromita makumi mana. Rusvingo akapinda mugungwa, nokudaro ichivharira nzira venyika kubva kuchamhembe kuburikidza kudzika nemvura kutsigira wenhare ichipa nyore chiteshi. Asi zvivako zvose izvi ndezvaJehovha pre-Arab nguva vokutanga Middle Ages. A ano matongo Kuongorora vakaona kuti nhare Naryn-Kala (Derbent), vakanga kugarwa yakawanda yekare takapoteredzwa rusvingo madhaka zvidhinha. Mikoko rokutonga Yezdegerd II (makore 438-457) uye zvinoreva mushakabvu Albanian-Sarmatian uye Sassanian nguva. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose. Adobe zvidhinha akaiswa pamusoro dombo nechigadziko. Zviripachena, masonry ichi ndowenyika kuzvidzivirira masvingo Derbent, iyo iripo kunyange makore zviuru zvishanu akapfuura.

Kupi uye sei pamusoro Naryn-Kala yakavakwa

Mukutanga Middle Ages Persian umambo vachisangana nevanhu yokurwiswa venyika-muArabhu kubva steppes iri pakati Volga Delta. Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa kuvhara anonzi reCaspian Gates Dzhalganskogo pakati Spurs ari muhomba uye negungwa. Nemishonga uye aiva masonry gobvu uye yakakwirira mokupera haripindiki kuti zvombo nguva idzodzo. Asi gare gare Naryn-Kala nhare wakapikisa sieges zhinji. Mushure ose nevanozvitsigira akabatsira mamiriro enzvimbo. Kumativi matatu egomo pechikomo pamusoro inomira wenhare, mawere chaizvo.

Fort, kusiyana yapfuura akavakirirwa zvivako, akanga asiri yokugara. Akanga akamira kure Derbent uye yaigarwa nevarindi vairinda rakamanikana ndima. Asi chivako aivawo yakagara marzpanov - Iranian vabati. Saka zvangova unokosha wehurumende, yezvokutengeserana uye tsika pakati.

Munhare simba

Kusvikira zvino, vanhu rinodederesa kuzvidzivirira kugona wakakombwa. chimiro chawo ari zvinosiyana pakati payaipfuura napo. Naryn- Kala nhare chiri mugari polygon, contoured masvingo matatu mamita paukobvu. Vavaki anoshandiswa pokunamatidza dhaka namabwe zvinogumbura. Kukwirira masvingo idzi gumi kusvika gumi mamita. Nechomumugwagwa mukomberedzo kweshongwe vari - chinhambwe anenge 20-30 M nepedyo. Nzvimbo wakakombwa - mana nehafu hectares. In rwezasi-yokumadokero muromo kunhare ari mativi shongwe, inova bhiriji pamadziro Doug mbariro kufukidza "ndima reCaspian." Chimwe chikamu akapinda mugungwa, uye imwe - mumakomo. Panguva dzakasiyana siyana wakakombwa vari chivanze mana. Kubva kurutivi munhare Derbent kurindwa pamawere chaizvo yakatenuka mugomo. Saka kuti dombo raigona kutorwa chete kana paine atirari. Chii chakaitika muna 1796, panguva yehondo yeRussia-Persian.

The womukati kuvakwa wakakombwa Naryn-Kala

Persia akadzivirira kumiganhu wenhare hwokumusoro wakagadzirirwa angangovarwisa refu rakakombwa. For zvionera mvura hurongwa migero pevhu yaiitwa, zvichitungamirira mugomo zvitubu kuti ibwe Matangi mukati dzavarwi. Rimwe Matangi aya yava ... chechi yechiKristu. Izvi muchinjikwa domed kuvaka yakanga yakavakwa rechina kana rechishanu remakore. Gare gare yaishandiswa senzira temberi moto-vanamati - Zoroastrians. Kana idzi hwakagadzwa Islam, akasiya kuvaka. Zvishoma nezvishoma pachivande chaishandiswa sezvo gungwa kuti mvura chekuchengeta. Ndezvokuti, akavonga kuchechi iyi uye akapukunyuka kusvikira nguva yedu. Izvi - mukuru wechiKristu chechi munharaunda Russia.

By romuMiddle Monuments of mapurani zvinosanganisira Juma Mosque. Ndirwowo mukuru Russia. kuvaka Its ndohwaJehovha remakore rechisere. Asi chivako chacho reconstructed kanoverengeka zvinotevera emakore. Muzana remakore rechigumi nemashanu asati chechi yakavakwa madrasah. Ndaive munhare Naryn-Kala (Derbent), uye Shah mekutongera. Asi iye akauya kwatiri ari matongo.

Kuvaka nguva itsva munharaunda iri Naryn-Kala

Fortress, uye nawo guta haina kurasikirwa yayo inokosha kukosha uye kumavirira kuMiddle Ages. NapaShushani nhare pakati khans ose Derbent vakagara. Vakatendeuka kubva Naryn-Kala nhare achigara. Shah pamuzinda yakasiyiwa, asi ari munhare regumi namasere remakore dzakavakwa itsva Khan Chamber (yaitonga Fet-Ali). Mukuwedzera, zvakaoma akawedzera muzvivako administrative. mugomba ichi (bhesimendi mujeri), pasofa Khan (Office). Pano nhema dzasara mausoleums muna Derbent vatongi.

Vakapona kugeza uye Khan (XVI-XVII remakore). Pakazosvika namapfumbamwe remakore muzvivako Russian anosanganisira guardhouse. Zvino ichi chivako unyanzvi maberere pamusoro Derbent.

matongo Kucherwa

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri nhare akatanga kushanda kare kuona makore Naryn-Kala wechokwadi. Chokwadi, kuvakwa wenhare uye kuvaka achizvidzivirira rusvingo Doug mizariro kufukidza Derbent ndima chokuita remakore rechitanhatu. Asi matongo tsvakurudzo kunge akawedzera makore kugarwa shure emakore. Zvakaratidza kuti kunyange muzana remakore rechisere rakavakirirwa kugarwa aivapo BC. The stratigraphy tsika akaturikidzana kunoratidza kuti kuenda kuburikidza nhoroondo yakaoma. Alternation pamusoro nemadota zvinoratidza kuti kutumbuka akamborara moto zhinji. Asi nzvimbo iri pamusoro pegomo iro zvino anomira nhare Naryn-Kala, haana ndokudururira. Kuzvidzora pamusoro ndima pakati kweGungwa reCaspian uye Caucasus agara kukosha zvechiuto uye zvokutengeserana ukama. Settlement zvishoma nezvishoma akakura uye yakatanga kusvikira Sassanid kupinda.

panze miziyamu

Muna 1989, zvakatanga neHurumende Historical-Architectural Reserve. Chinosanganisira zvekare mumaruwa muguta Derbent uye miziyamu kunzwisisa "nhare Naryn-Kala." Security mapazi rinofukidza 2044 hectares. On yakadaro munzvimbo huru riri anenge mazana maviri namakumi mashanu Zvivako mutsika uye nhoroondo. Izvi paruzhinji uye dzinogarwa zvivako, Christian uye vaMuslim dzinoyera, matongo artefacts abudisa Zvakafukunurwa. Asi kwete chete munhare mubereko kuti vashanyi. Zvinofanira kuenda Old Town. Derbent, ane zita iri Persian zvinoreva "Rakakiiwa Gate", ave zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhare dzayo. Muna 2003, ivo UNESCO Committee rakanyorwa pamusoro World Heritage List yose nhoroondo-mapurani kunzwisisa. Uye muna 2013, maererano migumisiro kuvhota inoitwa pakati vagari Russia, Derbent nhare kwakaitika namashanu zvezvisarudzo akakurumbira uye iconic varipo venyika yedu.

Naryn-Kala: rwokuparidza

Zvaunoda kuona nzvimbo, uyo akashanyira munhare pachako? Kuratidza zvakawanda pamusoro Ferris Khan mumuzinda namasere remakore. Zvichakubatsirawo zvinofadza kutarira nokushambidza. bhesimendi Chimiro inokamukana mumakamuri makuru maviri. Izvi adjoins wandei makamuri diki ine dzepasi denga. Worth kushanya uye pevhu mujeri-mugomba. Chivako ichi mu mamita gumi rakadzika ane chimiro chake. Raiiswa masvingo musapa vasungwa hapana nzira kukwira kumusoro. The yakaisvonaka ose masuwo mumuzinda vari Orta-Qala kumaodzanyemba pamadziro. Zvinofanira kuva uchiziva mvura maitiro wenhare. Vakapona ibwe uye zvedongo chubhu. Uye Derbent vanhu vachiri kuwana mvura yavo kubva zvitubu zvepakadzika Haibulah Dgiarchi-Bulakh kuti kunobva matsime gomo kubva mugero yekare. Uye Chokwadi, haugoni kusiya wenhare, pasina kuvhura Juma Mosque uye chechi yechiKristu yekare.