National mubhadharo Tsika Russia. Federal Mutemo "On the National Payment System"

The National System kweRussia muripo makadhi rave akaumba pachishandiswa Federal Mutemo № 112 yomusi May 5, 2014. Chinangwa chacho inotungamirwa anoshanda inonzi Kuwanikwa, kubudirira uye akaramba urongwa mabasa chokuita kuchinjwa mari. Funga zvakare kuti National hurongwa kuripwa makadhi ose Russian Federation.

nhoroondo mashoko

Pokugadzwa National muripo hurongwa rakatanga muna 1990. Muna 1992 chakaitirwa interbank misha vane zvinhu STB Card. muripo hurongwa "Union Card" akasikwa 1993. By 1999 iye akabatana 457 rwezvemabhengi masangano avo Affiliates. Buyers kunge akasunungura makadhi muripo vanopfuura mamiriyoni matatu. "Golden Korona" yakaumbwa mukupera 1993. Pakazosvika 2014, ichi kubhadharwa maitiro achauyisa pamwe chete kumativi 87 nemabhangi kuti ape makadhi vanopfuura mamiriyoni 8. Muna October 1994, gozvo Committee yave akaumba. The chirongwa wayo pokugadzwa vaiva Moscow GTU Bank of Russia. The Committee yakaumbwa zvikurukuru nokuda mangwanani vasabatwa matambudziko ari kushanda interbank yawo. Izvi aizorega richiva abudirire rokuchinja kuchaitwa matambudziko uye nechokwadi exchange maonero nemasangano rwezvemabhengi chokuita ruzivo exchange. Somumwe anokosha mabasa Committee waitsigira paumbwe uye kuvandudzika pakati epurasitiki makadhi ezvinhu muMoscow.

Background of inotungamirwa

Aongorora international ruzivo, Moscow State Technical University vakasvika pakugumisa kuti Russian Federation ane mukana kushandisa tsika dzakawanda, kunyanya France, kuenda pfupi nzira. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tibatane zvinoitwa nemasangano rwezvemabhengi. Moscow State Technical University akaona basa raro izvi muna Kufambisa pakati vechikamu paumbwe rakabatana kadhi gadziriro muMoscow. Zvisinei, vakawanda kupfuura masangano rwezvemabhengi, ane richikurukura riri dzakasiyana mudunhu Russia mapazi. Kana zvabatanidzwa muripo ezvinhu kuwana pamwero wenyika.

kushanda boka

Kufungisisa ezvinhu aripo, GTU Moscow kuti bati mabasa ayo ari Executive mutumbi Bank of Russia. The Working Group chaiva anopfuura makumi maviri nyanzvi. Kuwedzera kutungamirira Bank of Russia vanomirirwa Moscow State Technical University, iri Association zvezvipfuwo rwezvemabhengi masangano. Pakati nhengo Working Group vaiva pakukura uye reunification. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira Sberbank, "Agroprom", "Inkom" SBS-Agro "uye vamwe. Mune Working Group kuti akavhiyiwa uye Fed. FAGCI sangano. The Executive muviri ari quantitative mashoko akanga vainyanya vamiririri kadhi makambani.

Nzvimbo basa Working Group

Kuedza muviri vakanga nezvezvandaifanira anotevera zvinangwa:

1. Development chirongwa mapepa ari Bank of Russia, ichipa wokufambisa uye kushandisa epurasitiki zvinhu pakuita mari kwema muna Russian Federation.
2. Development of National Payment System.

Documentation Project yakazokudziridzwa uye akatumwa Russian utungamiriri Bank. Zvadaro (pashure kumira basa Working Group) akanga kunyorwa kwenyaya uye anotenderwa. Gwaro iri ndiro chiito chokutanga, izvo nokudzorwa National mubhadharo kadhi hurongwa (NBTS). Achitaura mubvunzo wechipiri yezviri basa Working Group akauya mid-1996. Panguva iyi, muviri akapinda padariro pakukura uye paumbwe mutyairi wendege chirongwa, raiva kuita National hurongwa muripo makadhi. NBTS, maererano nenyanzvi Yenyika Monetary Fund, zvaizoda $ 5 miriyoni. Mari idzi inofanira zvakakwana kushandisa nemambure. Pasi Pakuurayiwa Monetary Fund 50% kuti mari iyi dzinounzwa zvakananga oga, uye imwe hafu vanofanira kuunza Russia dzichitangira ayo. Credit kadhi makambani, izvo varipo vari Kuronga Working Group panguva iyoyo, vakanga vakagadzirira mari 50% nechirongwa. Ivo akasimbisa chibvumirano dzavo tsamba yepamutemo. Asi, sezvo Russian Bank kuti utariri asarudza kuisa pfungwa dzayo kuita pamusoro pokumuka dzimwe nzvimbo muripo gadziriro mid-1996, kushanda nedzimwe nhengo reInternational Committee uyewo zvakananga nokuda Working Group kwakaregwa. Kuzvidzora kuitwa vave achinyanya kuisa pfungwa paumbwe mabasa nokuda anotamisa ose yakawanda uye hombe mashandiro nemari.

2000

To Russian National mubhadharo hurongwa yakatanga kushanda, zvakanga zvakakodzera pamutemo framework. Pakutanga pokumuka haana muzvirongwa zvaro. Panyaya iyi, mukuvamba 2000s. It kushandisa nhamba mitemo. Zvisinei, muna muitiro achibvumirana mitemo dzinokosha dzakawanda vakarasika. Munyaya inotevera Danho basa nemari chirongwa hachisisiri vakamira. Zvisinei, mabhengi vakatadza kusvika tabvumirana pamusoro ndiani chaizvoizvo achagamuchira kubva Zvinobatsirei. Huge musika goho hapana sangano aida. kwemauto ichi zvinowanisa zvinokosha zveminda kubva makomisheni nokuda kwacho. Nepo mabhanga Russian vakabvumirana, musika yakakamurwa dzakawanda mubhadharo hurongwa "Tenzi Card" uye "Visa". Mamwe makambani mari mudzimba vakaumba Panodyidzanwa boka. Vatengi kuti mabhanga aya Serviced ATMs neshamwari zvose. Kudeuka boka anonzi "United Settlement Network." Kunosanganisira anenge 100 ATMs kuti mabhanga.

National mubhadharo Tsika Russia: danho rinotevera

Muna 2010 yakatakura kunze pokumuka mitemo yeUnited zvainanga yokudzora urongwa matunhu neminisiparati uye ehurumende mabasa. Urongwa Its zvaisanganisira ichatanga kushanda National mubhadharo wemuTesitamende Russia, uye kubudiswa mudzimba kwema kunze kwenyika kurambidzwa. Zvisinei, kuti chokwadi vakandoteka pfungwa US Embassy muMoscow. Zvakava pachena kuti panyaya kusiyiwa zviri bhiri pasina kushanduka nekambani "Tenzi Card" uye "Visa" acharasikirwa musika nemari pamusoro US $ 4 billion .. Pachiitiko ichi nhume yaiumbwa teregiramu, yakanyorerwa nechinzvimbo chepamusoro mushandi wehurumende of America. Mashoko mudonzvo yakarumbidza kushandisa musangano pamwe navo kubva Russian Federation kupa wokupedzisira vachimanikidzwa kushandura bhiri. Saka tinoda kupa vimbiso kudzivirira zvinodiwa nemakambani American, kudzivirira kubata kukuvadza kwavari. Ari rakabudiswa chiito vasipo kurambidzwa processing mumhuri kwema kunze.

Federal Mutemo "On the National Payment System"

Rakazoshandiswa muna 2011. Federal Mutemo "On the National Payment System" anotsanangura samambure sezvo chine mashoko, akatamisa mari. The Act rinotaura dzinokosha pfungwa wedare urongwa mabasa. The normative Chiito chinorondedzerwa mitemo kuti unofanira kushandisa National mubhadharo hurongwa. zvakarukwa mamiriro rakaumbwa pachishandiswa yakataurwa mutemo. Pamwe izvi akanga akatsunga murayiro iri kutungamirira uye co-kugadzwa. Zvisinei, Mutemo haana kupa kwegadziriro muripo makadhi National uye kurambidza kubudiswa kwema Russian kunze.

zvisarudzo zvinokosha

Vakagamuchirwa muna 2011. Zvisarudzo izvi maererano kusikwa zvakasikwa yemagetsi kadhi, precluding kutora chikamu mune nedanho dzakawanda gadziriro "Tenzi Card" uye "Visa". Panguva iyoyowo Sberbank akavimbisa kutora matanho neutralize zviri "lobbyists kuti network idzi zviremera Russian." By pakutanga 2013 Central Bank akaumba mumwe mazita dzaishandisa. zvose muripo hurongwa, uyo akashanda kuRussia zvakagadziridzwa chawo ichi. Pakati pavo, avo vakanga yoga, yakanga chaihwo munzanga kukosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, vakanga semhosva: Contact, nomumbure "VTB" uye mumari Bank, "Golden Korona", "Tenzi Card", "Visa".

2014

In March wegore iroro US vakaisa zvirango pamusoro Russia chokuita kwebasa rinofanira rokupedzisira kuCrimea. "Tenzi Card" uye "Visa" kechipiri munhoroondo kadhi mabasa matsime anoverengeka mudzimba nemabhangi mune dzimwe ATMs uye pfungwa kutengesa international network. Panyaya iyi, zvakare mubvunzo wakamuka nezvokuti kuRussia panofanira kuva National mubhadharo hurongwa. Russia inoda yayo network, yakazvimirira mamiriro ukama munyika. Panyaya iyi, kugadzirira wandei Mutemo wakagadziridzwa wokuita wokurera kwakatangwa. Vaifanira zviite ruzivo uye kwezvivako pamusoro kuvhara kwacho anotamisa mari mari mukati Russian Federation. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kundoongororwa uye operative nzvimbo - nyaya National Payment System - zvinofanira kuiswa zvakananga mundima yacho. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Act anopa kurambidza nourongwa kuwana uye kuchinjwa ruzivo kune dzimwe nyika kuti mashoko epamba kwema muna Russian Federation. Pakapera March 2014 zvakatanga nokushingaira kukurukura Implementation ari anodiwa matanho. President V. V. Putin vakabvumira paumbwe National System nokurayira nekukurumidza kuti mberi kune ayo budiriro uye Implementation.