National Park "Samarskaya Luka". Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa

Samara Ruka inyika inoshamisa. Nharaunda yacho inoumbwa neBay (Usinsk) yeKibyshev Reservoir uye bend yeGreat Volga River. Kune chimiro chakakosha zvikuru chechikwereti, kunaka kwakanaka kwegomo, bhuruu-bhuruu zvinyorwa zveVolga, chimiro chakasiyana nedzimwe nyika. Zvose zvakanaka zvakagadzirisa nyika yeSamara.

Nhoroondo yepaki yepasi "Samarskaya Luka"

Kwete kare kare, pakupera kwezana remakore gumi nemasere, mundima yeSamara Ruka yakakura masango akaoma emiti yekare. Aya ainyanya kushandiswa pine-oak uye oak-linden masango. Zvisinei, gare gare miti yakasangana nokuwanda kuwira, izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nekuderera kukuru mumassifs.

Paruwa yeSamarskaya Ruka yakatangwa muna 1984. Chinangwa chekusika kwayo ndechekuchengetedza zvisikwa zvakasikwa, kukurudzira kusimbiswa kwetsika dzenyika, uye kusimbisa mamiriro ose anodiwa ekugadzirwa kwekushanyirwa munharaunda. Mhuri dzakawanda dzezororo uye nheyo dzevashanyi dzakavakwa munharaunda yepaki, yechando uye nzira dzezhizha dzakaiswa. Pedyo neiri kune guta Zhigulevsk, kuti rive rakarurama, rinonyatsobatana naro kubva kurutivi rwezasi. Saka tinogona kutaura kuti vagari vomuguta rino vane rombo rakanyanya. Kuti ivo vabuda kunze kwepaki iri nyore.

Historical sites panzvimbo iyi

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti paki yenyika "Samarskaya Luka" inonakidza kwete chete yemaruva uye zvipenyu zvayo, pane dzakawanda zvekuchera matongo munzvimbo yacho. Mumwe wavo ndiro guta reMurom. Kamwe kwaive imwe yenzvimbo dzakakura zvikuru dzeVolga Bulgaria (kubva papfumbamwe kusvika kumazana nemakore gumi nematatu). Uyewo kune zvigaro zveBronze uye Iron Ages. Vose vari kuda kudzidza zvakanyanya, nokuti vanogona kutaura zvakawanda nezvezvinhu zvitsva.

Panharaunda yepaki, muna 2011, kuratidzwa kunoshamisa kwezviwanikwa zvekuchera matongo kwakazarurwa pasi pezita rokuti "Antiquities yeSamara Luke". Chimbofungidzira kuti kune mazviratidzo ezvimwe nguva dzakasiyana: dombo, ndarira, zvimbi nemazana neMidhi Ages. Zvinonakidza kuona zvisikwa zvipenyu zveHorld Horde nguva!

Sezvo guta reZhigulevsk riri pedyo, izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakavhurwa pamwe nekutsigirwa nemamamerica yeruzivo rwemunharaunda. Vagari vemo vanogara vasina mukana uye nguva yekushanyira museum. Asi avo vanouya paki yekuzorora vanogona kungofungidzira mukana wakanakisisa zvikuru, apo varaidzo inogona kusanganiswa nekufamba kwepfungwa.

Nenzira yakazara, nhoroondo yose yedunhu iri yakanyatsopindirana nemazita ehukama hwakadaro se Stepan Razin, Ermak, Emelyan Pugachev, Alexander Menshikov uye hama dzeOrlov.

Nzvimbo yeNational Park

Chimiro cheSamara Ruka chakakosha mumiti yakasiyana-siyana, iyo kubva pamatsutso kusvikira pakuvhura inovhara maruva nemhando dzose dzemaruva. Izvo zvinomera zvepakati iyi ndezvakakosha zvakasayirwa nesayenzi. Pano, kwekutanga, marudzi matanhatu emiti akawanikwa, zvitatu zvaro zvisingawaniki kune imwe nzvimbo. Iri ndiro sarumeri rakashata, spurge Zhigulevsky, zunza Zhigulevsky. Miti yakawanda yeSamara Ruka haigoneki uye inowanika munzvimbo dzomunharaunda.

Inonakidza zvikuru pakutsvakurudza kwemiti yakachengetedzwa, yakachengetedzwa kusvika panguva yekare (preglacial, glacial, postglacial times). Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti ganda racho raisagona kusvika kumakomo eZhigulevsky, uye naizvozvo hazvina kuchinja mararamiro aRuka raSamara. Nhamba yakakura yezvinyorwa zvinogona kuwanika mumatombo emakomo.

Fauna

Nyama yeSamara Ruka yakasiyana chaizvo. Izvi zvinoratidzirwa muchokwadi chokuti kwete pasi pe makumi matatu kubva muzana yemashizha ekurarama anogara pano pamuganhu wemashizha. Izvi zvinosanganisira: tsvina ye viviparous, nyoka yakawanda, ye -long-tailed owl, owl owl, hazel grouse uye huni. Vose zvavo vamiririri veSiberia uye taiga. Uye panguva imwechete, pedo navo vanogara vanofananidzira vamiriri vekumaodzanyemba emahombekombe: maruva maruva, maruva akafananidzwa, mhuru yegoridhe, mvura imwe.

Ikoko kune zvinyorwa zviripo pano. Zvinonakidza kuti zvakaparadzana kubva munzvimbo yakakura nekufamba zvakakwana. Icho chikafu chinonzi patterned, chimiro chema mole, an Alpine beetle beetle.

Mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzemazuva ano zveSamara: roe nyori, boka, mhumhi, mhombwe, lynx, marten, hare, mbira, muskrat nevamwe vazhinji. Vese vanogara pano muzvinhu zvakanaka zvekuzvarwa.

Makomo eSamara Ruka

Munharaunda yekuchamhembe-kumadokero kweSamara Luke ndiMolodetsky mound. Kubva mairi, Makomo eZhiguli anotanga , anotambanudza rwendo rwemakiromita makumi mashanu-refu. Iyo murwi yakazara muzvinyorwa zvakawanda uye nhoroondo. Kureba kwayo kunenge kudarika mazana maviri mamita. Inosungirirwa pamusoro pemvura yeVolga Reservoir pedyo neSusinskii Gulf.

Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinoshamisa zvinotaurira pamusoro pokuti kamwechete musikana wechidiki akanaka akawira murudo neVolga. Asi haana kuda kunaka. Mwoyo wake wakabatwa neCaspian Sea. Uye saka jaya racho rakasarudza kudzivira nzira yake, kwete kumurega kuti apinde munopikisana. Ipapo Volga yakamunyengera. Akanyarara nehurukuro yake inonakidza zvose jaya nemapoka ake. Uye akamhanyira kuna iye aida. Nguva yakawanda yapfuura kubva ipapo, jaya uye varwi vake vakatsamwa, vachitendeukira kuModetsky mound. Uye kubvira ipapo, Volga inovanyengedza nekun'un'una kwemvura yaro. Heano nhau yakanaka zvakadaro yekubuda kwaSamara Ruka uye Zhiguli Mountains. Zvisinei, iyi inongova nhoroondo chete.

Muzvokwadi, kamwechete rwizi rwacho rwakavharizwa nechitsiko chakaumbwa nekuda kwekufambisa kwezvisikwa zvepasi. Iyo Volga yakanga isina chakanaka kunze kwekuisa mvura yaro kumativi ose chipingamupinyi. Ndizvo zvakaitwa nehombodo inoshamisa uye inoshamisa.

Molodetsky mound yakave ichifarira vakawanda masayendisiti. Izvi zvakasiyana, zvechokwadi, nzvimbo. Zvinoratidzika zvakashata kwazvo, rudzi urwu rwuri kupa zvachose matombo. Uye imwe chete yematope inosvika musango wakaoma, uye pamusoro pegomo relic relic pine miti inokura. Zvose kunaka kwenzvimbo ino hazvigone kuratidzwa nemashoko. PaModytsky gomo rekuviga, unogona kuwana vamiririri vashoma vemafudzi: mapepa emvura, white-tailed eagle, mahao butterflies uye apollo.

Kubva kumusoro kweguruva pane maonero akanaka emvura, makomo uye Usinskii Gulf. Kunyange tisati tafashamo pamberi peKurgan, Kalmyk Island yakanga iripo, uye shure kwayo, kune rimwe rutivi rworwizi rworwizi, ndiro guta rimwe remapuranga reStvropol. Asi mushure memafashamo emiganhu, zvakasikwa, mvura yepamusoro yakasimuka nemamita anenge makumi matatu, uye chikamu chezasi cheRwizi rwedu rwakadzika chakashandurwa kuva Usinsky Bay.

Molodetsky mound inozivikanwa kwazvo nevashanyi. Uye pamahombekombe egungwa rinowanzoita zviito zvezvakatipoteredza, mitambo yemitambo, marudzi ose emisangano. Dutu racho rinosanganiswa mumugwagwa wefambi yepaki yenyika.

Maiden Mountain

Gomo remusikana riri pedyo neRolodytsky mound. Anonziwo mukoma muduku. Mushure memafashamo, gungwa reKibyshev rakavanza zvinopfuura hafu yegomo iri pasi pemvura yaro. Musikana wechidiki akabatanidzwawo munhoroondo, saSamara rose Ruka.

Gomo Camel

Iri gomo rakasimba haisi kure neChinji Glade (Shiryaevo musha). Zita razvo rakagamuchirwa nekuda kwechimiro chinoshamisa chepamusoro, iyo inoratidzika kunge yakanamatira pamusoro peVolga uye chaizvoizvo inoyeuchidza mhuka iyi. Kubva kumusoro kwegomo kunopa maonero akanaka ezvakapoteredza uye mabhandi eVolga, Tsarev Kurgan neSango reZhiguli. Tsarev Kurgan kamwe chete yakanga isina imwe chete ine massif.

Kana iri magedhi eZhigulevskie, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakapfupika mumupata weVolki, pano rwizi runopera ndiro rakasimba.

Mwoyo weCamel Mountain yakazara nehutano hwemakona, mavari inotonhorera kunyange muchitonho chirimo. Pano, kunyange mapuranga akachengetedzwa, pane izvo zvikepe zvaipfuura pakutanga kwezana remakore. Parizvino, matanho aya ave nzvimbo yakakwirira yekoloni yakakura yemapuraneti mumarudzi ose eVolga.

Pedyo negomo mune musha weShiryaevo. Dzoka kamwechete wakashanda pano. Gomo reKamel rave rakasarudzwa kwenguva refu kwete nevashanyi, asiwo nevakasimuka vanozvigadzika rine rusvingo rwakakwira.

Makomo eZhigulevsky anopera pedyo neguta rePodgora, achipinda munharaunda. Iyo inokwira kumusoro kwerwizi kwemamita anenge makumi mana. Musoro waro unoparadzaniswa nemipata, masango achienzanisa nematombo nemasango.

Dombo reMabwe Okuchema

Dombo ndeimwe nzvimbo yepamusoro. Icho chinoumbwa nematombo emarara. Uye pamatenha ayo anomera limes, maoki, maples, uyewo violets, maruva emupata, a beaver. Musoro wedombo wakaita sepuratifomu shoma. Kubva pairi kunozarura maonero akanaka emuSerpent's Creek, Shelekhmeti Mountains.

Nyoka kumashure

Pasi petsoka iri pane Lake Wislokamenka (nyoka). Kunyange zvazvo ikozvino zvakanyatsonaka kudana iyo bhayi (mushure mekuvakwa kwechikwata chemasango). Vanhu vanoti gungwa rine zita rakadaro, nokuti paigara nguva zhinji nyoka pano. Uye kusvikira panguva ino nzvimbo idzi dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakawanda hazvo iyo nyoka muSamara yose yaLuka. Usafunga kuti pano iri kutarisana navo zvakananga. Kazhinji unogona kusangana nenyoka nemhanyi, asi nyoka dzine uturu dzinowanika.

Munzvimbo idzi pane mararamiro e-white-tailed, ayo akanyorwa muBhuku Rvuku. Vanodyarwa munzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzemvura uye mushure mhuka, nyama yemhara, uye kites. Pano pane stony steppes uye meadows, coniferous uye deciduous masango. Zvose izvi pamwe chete zvakanyatsobatana uye zvinogadzira kunaka kusinganzwisisiki kunokwezva vatashanyi vakawanda.

Panyika yeSamara Ruka haisi chete paki yepasi Samara Ruka, asiwo Zhigulevsky National Park inonzi after. I. I. Saprygin, ndiani mumwe wevakwegura muRussia.

Shiri dzomumucheto

Shiri dzakawanda dzeSamara Ruka dzakanyorwa muBhuku Rvuku. Muzhinji, kune mazana maviri emarudzi e shiri. Zvinosuruvarisa, muzana remakore rakapfuura kusiyana kwemarudzi kwakaderera. The Black Stork inogona kuonekwa kuti yakanyangarika. Mamiriro aya anonyanyobatanidzwa nehupenyu hwevanhu. Mushure mezvose, vakavaka migwagwa, yakagadzirwa mafuta, vakavaka mabheji eVolga. Zvose izvi zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Zvizhinji zvezvisikwa zveshiri zvinogara mudendere reSamara Luka pano nguva dzose kana vanogara vakagadzikana. Asi kune dzimwe mhando dzinobhururuka kupinda munharaunda panguva yekufamba.

Kunyanya kunakidza miti yehuni, marashi grouse uye hazel grouse. Pane imwe nguva kwaiva nevakawanda vavo. Zvino zvinhu zvose zvachinja. Asi, kune rumwe rutivi, gondo rakachena-tailed rakava mugari wagara munzvimbo idzi.

Kubatanidzwa kwemvura uye nzvimbo yemakomo kunokonzera mamiriro akasiyana-siyana kune vamiririri vakawanda vemhuka, mhando dzakasiyana dzemapulisa ayo akasarudza matanho emunharaunda. Kumapurisa hapana anoshungurudzika munguva yechando, masuo akapinda mumapako akavharwa nemaattic.

Panzvimbo yemushure

Samara Ruka ndechimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitiki. Hurumende Yezvisikwa Zvesimba yakanga ine chikonzero chekuumba paki yenyika. Nzvimbo dzomunharaunda dzakasiyana nedzakagadzirwa nemafuta nemhuka. Kwete kare kare, pachishandiswa Zhigulevsky Reserve, biosphere reserves yakazarurwa. Chinangwa chavo ndechekuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwenyika munzvimbo yeVolga uye nzvimbo dzeZhiguli. Vakawanda vanochengetedza nyika vari mundima yeSamara Ruka. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunyanya kwekuti munyika idzi hazvina kukanganisa simba revanhu. Saka, kuchine mukana weimwe nzira kuchengetedza zvose zviripo panguva ino. Panharaunda ye bioreserve, kune nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana: iyo nzvimbo yeSamara Ruka, mabwe ematombo, masango akavhenganiswa, nezvimwewo. Ushumiri hweMari inofanira kuchengetedza zvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza zvine chinangwa chekuchengetedza simba revanhu pane zvisikwa. Nokuti hazvisi zvose zviito zvevanhu ndezvake.

The National Park "Samarskaya Luka" inzvimbo inoshamisa, inoshamisa nekunaka kwayo. Kurishanyira uye kupindira munyika inoshamisa yezvakasikwa.