Natural nzvimbo Urals: tafura uye tsanangudzo

Mountains Ural akatambanudzira kubva Kazakh steppes kuti kweArctic nemhenderekedzo. Upamhi padombo guru iri kubva 100 kusvika 400 km uye kureba kupfuura zviuru 2.5. Km. Natural Urals mapazi zvinosanganisira zvose zvakasiyana-siyana: kubva polar achinaya mvura kumaodzanyemba steppes.

Mountain siyana inokamukana munzvimbo zvichienderana Geological, mamiriro okunze, uye zvimwe zvirwere. Aona zvakawanda maitiro avo, zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa chii zvakasikwa nzvimbo Urals dzakapfuma uye zviri varombo tichitarisa aripo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Polar Urals

Natural nzvimbo Polar Ural akapa achinaya mvura uye dondo. Relief iri gomo Chain mugove kuumbwa nokuda chando weathering, sezvamakaropafadzwa aumba mabwe placers (kurums uye hwakarongwa pasi). Permafrost ivhu tembiricha nokusiyana muzhizha kunotungamirira solifluction.

Chikuru mhando kuzorodzwa - nebani pamusoro izvo kungoda glaciation. Aro vane pamupata muchimiro muzvinwiro. Chenjera muromo chete panhongonya dzawo. Alpine nomunzvimbo dzine sokuti rwezasi Polar Urals ari kunharaunda People uye Saber.

Polar Urals nyoro uye kuchitonhora okunze. Muchirimo, mumwe mujenya ramakore kakawanda mvura. Paavhareji pamwedzi tembiricha muna July - kubva 8 kusvika 14 ºC. Chando refu uye kuchitonhora chaizvo. Average January tembiricha hakuiti kupfuudza -20 ºC. Common nzvimbo permafrost. Pamapani, nokuda blizzards, snowdrifts makuru aumba. The kunayisa avhareji yegore negore 500 (kuchamhembe) kusvika 800 (zasi) mm kuti kunonaya.

Nevhu uye zvinomera Polar Urals

Natural Urals nharaunda sei ivhu uye zvinomera izvo hapana yakasiyana-siyana. In kuchamhembe, achinaya mvura pamapani kugomo nzvimbo pemipata. Pakati pane neokuparadzirwa mabwe zvishomanana kana pasina miti. Mujinga ari achinaya mvura kasvisto dzinomiririrwa mosses, lichens nemiti. In kumaodzanyemba mhiri dondo nzvimbo, asi kukosha kwavo nzvimbo iri diki.

The larch Masango sparse yokutanga zvipfupi ngavauye mumipata, riri kumabvazuva yakatenuka pedyo 68º. W. Chikamu chino padombo guru dzinoratidzwa pasi ukobvu chando pakavha uye zvakawanda raidudzwa Continental ekunze. Naizvozvo, pane mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kuti chirimwa upenyu. At kweArctic Circle larch masango rakasanganiswa spruces nemisidhari, uye zvakare rwezasi - misipuresi nemifiri miti.

Kumhanya chete dzinonakidza mutemo pamusoro kukura larch uye spruce masango. Conditions kwavari pamusoro pamusoro muhomba kupfuura sandara munzvimbo. Chikonzero ndechokuti abudise chakanaka uye tembiricha utongi.

Severnyy Ural

Nharaunda iri chaiyo pamusoro 59th Meridian, south Minondo rinotanga uye rinoguma Konzhakovsky Stone. Avhareji kureba centre - mamita 700 pamusoro pegungwa. Chinosanganisira kumabvazuva uye kumadokero neeSultan. Chokutanga idzi Watershed. Vazhinji nenhongonya hazvisi unopinza, asi vakagumisa.

Zvakajeka zvinoonekwa 3-4 yekare pamusoro kunangiswa. Chimwe chaiwo chinoratidza ndazorodzwa - zviri yakawanda Upland zvikwiriso yaiva pamusoro muti pamwero, kana avo repamusoro pamuganhu. zvivako ava chaizvo zvakasiyana kwete chete mumakomo siyana, asi vari kumativi akasiyana. Mamiriro ekunze akafanana yapfuura nzvimbo, asi kwete somunhu kwazvo. The kunayisa avhareji yegore negore anopfuura 800 mm kuti kunonaya, kunyanya mu mawere dzakatarisa kumavirira. Kusimuka kwemvura mvura pachiso iri shoma zvikuru pane ukoshi ichi, chinova chikonzero hwakapararira machakwi nzvimbo.

Flora uye fauna of yeNorthern Urals

Boreal dondo kuramba rukoko viomak emakomo. Tundra zvichengeteke chete pazvikomo uye pamatombo, riri pane imwe kukwirira 700-800 metres. Dark coniferous boreal dondo rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva spruce. Omusipiresi inokura munzvimbo ivhu yakaorera. Cedar anoda marshy uye matombo dzakatenuka. Hunodzorwa spruce masango pamwe girini chikwindi uye bilberry, izvo anowanzoramba yapakati taiga. In nechokumusoro muromo vachipinda zvisingawanzoitiki musango yakawanda anezvimiti.

Pinery pano - the chinonakidza kuti nguva nenguva. Its vakakurumbira muchinangwa serakavakwa rwezasi sokuti 62º. m., kumabvazuva pamateru. pano chete pane mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda kwekuwedzera nemipaini miti: matombo nevhu uye yakaoma Continental okunze. Mugove Sukachev larch masango dererei zvikuru pane ari Polar Urals. Vanokura pamwe shrub alder uye Birch rwakakombama.

Natural nzvimbo Northern Urals - kunyanya taiga, uye makwapa akasvibirika duku achinaya mvura. fauna of Local ine hwokufananidzira vamiririri masango coniferous. Sable anogara ikoko, apo misidhari ichikura. Kune wolverines, tsvuku uye ndachena voles uye poro. Vanorarama anotevera vamiririri avifauna: yegungwa zizi, waxwing, nutcracker uye nevamwe.

Kurutivi rwamavirazuva, mu okumusoro kunosvika yoRwizi zvakafanana zita, riri Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, achiratidza dzimwe dzinongoitika nzvimbo Urals. Ndiye mumwe pakukura Russia. It anoramba chepakutanga chitarisiko pagomo taiga, kupfuura pakati.

Sredniy Ural

Sredniy Ural zvakaoma akashandura chimiro nokuda tectonic inochinja. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nenhongonya ndokudzora uye pasi. Remasangano vavo chiri panzvimbo kumativi 800 M Railway penzira -. Perm Ekaterinburg chinoyambuka muhomba panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 410 metres Makomo chose kuparadzwa, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa Watershed basa .. Izvi kunosimbiswa rwizi Chusovaya uye Ufa, anobva kumabvazuva mawere uye ndichisveerera kumavirira. River mumipata yakafara uye rakagadzirirwa, ichi chinoratidzwa yevedza matombo overhanging rwizi mibhedha.

Sredniy Ural, dzakadaro waimirira kumaodzanyemba taiga uye masango-inowanzorimwa, zvikuru vakasununguka kuti igarwe nevanhu kupfuura North. Yechirimo zvikuru kwava uye yakareba wepagore kunonaya - 500 600 mm. Kureva July tembiricha - kubva 16 kusvika 18 ºC. Climate vanotadzisa nevhu uye uswa. Southern taiga iri muna kuchamhembe munzvimbo, uye masango-inowanzorimwa - in South.

Nemiti uye fauna of kuMiddle Urals

Mawere okumabvazuva uye vokumadokero ndivo miti yakasiyana chaizvo. Muna Trans-Ural steppes vakatamira zvikuru mberi kuchamhembe kupfuura Urals, uko vakawana zvitsuwa chete nomumwe. Mount nemasango chinoramba layer chete neapo nenhongonya hwokukurira muganhu taiga wongoramba. Dzaitongwa taiga, zvinosanganisira spruce uye emisipiresi pamwe nzvimbo mupaini masango. Mixed masango (spruce, misipuresi, Birch, Linden) anowanzoramba zasi-nechokumadokero kumatunhu.

Vakawanda Birch masango iri yose Middle Urals. Ivo vasimuke munzvimbo achitema coniferous dondo. Natural Urals nharaunda vane maitiro nemamiriro mhuka umambo. A siyana masango uye ushamwari okunze vakabatsira kuti uwandu vamiririri fauna of kubva kumaodzanyemba wakawedzera. Typical vaigara kuMiddle Urals - the tyoni, Ferret, BoyzMikaro, nembira. Pakati avifauna runowanzoitika neGwenhure, iyo oriole, greenfinch. Zvinokambaira anomiririrwa senyoka, copperhead, madzvinyu.

Landscape muruwa kuMiddle Urals

• Avhareji Urals. rwenze ichi, yakakwirira kuti nekukwirira 500 600 m. It anocheka kuburikidza gobvu samambure rwizi mumipata. Vachishingaira usabuda karst pezvakaitwa zvakatungamirira kuti paumbwe madhamu akawanda uye mumapako funnels. abudise Good kunodzivisa paumbwe anezvimiti, zvisinei yakawanda kunayisa. Hunodzorwa coniferous uye vakavhengana Masango vane makwapa akasvibirika nemasango.
• Center Middle Urals akapa chepamusorosoro chikamu muhomba. kukwirira kwayo muduku, saka chakafukidzwa zvinenge zvakakwana taiga.
• Average Trans-Urals. It inzvimbo yakakwirira pachena pamwe mvere Oriental kutsvetera. Chine outliers, girenayiti anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye gungwa nembiya. Hunodzorwa yakaisvonaka nemipaini masango uye musanganiswa ayo nevamwe miti. Kuchamhembe chikamu wetlands zhinji. Sango-inowanzorimwa advance kure kuchamhembe kufananidzwa Urals nharaunda. Siberian nzvimbo kupa chimiro Birch masango.

Yuzhnyy Ural

nharaunda iyi zvakasiyana Ural muhomba anosvikirwa pamatunhu Nhongonya (Iremel, 1582 M Yamantau, ra1640 m). The Watershed rinoitwa pamusoro muhomba Uraltau, riri kumabvazuva uye ane nokukwirira kwazvo. It rinoumbwa schist. Munzvimbo dzaitongwa zvakazorodza svikiro makomo. Separate Goltseva nhongonya mhiri dondo wongoramba. pamusoro wavo sandara, asi ane mawere dombo dzakatenuka yakawanda tenuka. mazizaya Ancient vakasiya pamusoro anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye Zigalga Iremel rinorondedzera nemafambiro avo.

Yuzhnouralsky peneplain iri pachena, kuva akapeta uye akamutswa chawo. Zvinonzi dissected ne rwizi mumipata, akafanana canyons. Zauralsky peneplain iri kumabvazuva yakatenuka, dzinoratidzwa yakaderera Positioning uye mvere penyika. Kuchamhembe anezvakawanda madziva pakuparadzwa dombo idzodzo pamahombekombe.

The kwemamiriro okunze Southern Urals zvakawanda Continental nzvimbo adarika. Zhizha kwoushamwari, kusanaya kwemvura uye mhepo inopisa munzvimbo yacho Urals. Avhareji tembiricha the akanyanya kupisa mwedzi - kubva 20 kusvika 22 ºC. Kwechando, chando pakavha kunokosha. In dzechando rwizi -oma zvachose kuti chando inotungamirwa, akauraya vazhinji shiri uye moles. Annual kunayisa yemakomo kubva 400 600 kumaodzanyemba kusvikira kuchamhembe munzvimbo.

Flora uye Fauna of South Ural

Natural nzvimbo Southern Urals dzinoturwa inowanzorimwa uye dondo munzvimbo. Flora uye ivhu pabutiro vane altitudinal zoning. Chernozem inowanzorimwa runowanzoitika rakadzika kwazvo nzvimbo mujinga mezvikomo. Munzvimbo umo girenayiti anogona kuonekwa nemipaini dondo ane admixture kuti hardwood.

Forest inowanzorimwa anopindura Yuzhnoural'skiy peneplain, uye rokumabvazuva mujinga nechokuchamhembe nzvimbo munda. Flora rine musanganiswa inowanzorimwa uye boreal vagari.

Table: dzinongoitika zvikamu Ural

Natural zoning Ural Range riri sezvinotevera.

Natural nzvimbo Ural, muchidimbu zvinoratidzwa tafura tikwanise kuronda shanduko kwavo zvishoma nezvishoma mune mirayiridzo kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba.