Nzira yekuita sei urongwa hwekutarisira mabhuku?

Nyaya yacho inotsanangura nzira yekunyora zvakanyora urongwa hwekutungamira mabhuku, kupi kuti uwane mutemo wekunyora uye chii chaunofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya.

Sei ndichida runyora rwezvinyorwa?

Ichi chinhu chinokosha chepi zvinyorwa-basa rezvesayenzi, ripoti, basa. Kazhinji mubvunzo unomuka pamusoro pezvaunofanira kuita.

Urongwa hwezvinyorwa hune urongwa hwemabhuku, magazini, zvinyorwa, kuwedzera, nzvimbo dzeIndaneti dzakashandiswa kuita basa racho. Kunyanya, mumunda wehutungamiri pane mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvinobatsira, asi kwete dzose dziri munyaya imwe chete. Zvichienderana nezvakaitwa nebasa, urongwa hwezvinyorwa zvevatungamiri hunogona kunge hwakasiyana chaizvo. Ichabatanidza chete zvinyorwa izvo zvakashandiswa neimwe nzira kana imwe nemunyori: vaiverenga, vakatsvaga, vanoshandiswa semuongorori mukuru, vakashanda sechikonzero chekugadziriswa, vatakuri vemashoko kana zvinyorwa zviri mubasa racho.

Nhamba yezvinyorwa zvevatungamiri inoratidza kuti yakawanda sei dambudziko rekutungamirira rakaratidzwa mubasa rave rakadzidzwa, zvakadini zvakanyorwa nemunyori mubasa rekuita basa rakagadzirirwa mubasa.

Mirairo yekugadzirwa kwemabhuku ezvinyorwa

Zvinyorwa muburusi rezvinyorwa zvinogona kuiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Alphabetically;
• Nokutaura mundima;
• Mukuverenga kwenguva.

Chero ipi zvedzimwe nzira idzi dzinogamuchirwa, asi inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyekutanga.

Kana pakati pevanyori pane mazitaye, mabhuku akadaro anonyora mavhesi ehebhebheti. Mukuvapo kwezvinyorwa zvekunze, zvinowanikwa mushure meRussia rwandu zvakare mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa.

Iko kunofanira kuonekwa kuti pfungwa ye "mabhuku" uye "mazita ezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa" inowanzovhiringidzika. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti pfungwa yekutanga yakawanda kupfuura yechipiri.

Nhamba yemabhuku akashandiswa pamusoro pevatungamiri (kana zvitubu) ichabatanidza chete mabhuku (kana zvinyorwa, nzvimbo, nezvimwewo) izvo zvakataurwa kana kuti mazano anotsanangurwa mubasa. Panyaya iyi, mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, sekutonga, ivai nehutano hwekutaura mundima.

Semuenzaniso, mumabhuku evatungamiri aisanganisira mabhuku matatu, zvinyorwa 1, zvinyorwa 5 uye 2 michina inowanikwa, uye urongwa hwezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganisira mabhuku maviri chete uye 1 nenyaya, mazano kune zviripo mubhuku rebasa racho.

Mitemo yekuregererwa kwebhaibheri rakanyorwa

Nhoroondo yebhaibheri inoreva kutsanangurwa kwebhuku kana chero imwe nzvimbo inotora mabhuku. Pane mitemo yekugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa izvi, zvinowanikwa mumabhuku ehurumende anotarisirwa: GOST 7.1-2003, GOST 7.0-99, GOST 7.5-98, nezvimwe.

Pasi pose, unofanirwa kuyeuka mitemo shoma shoma pamusoro pekugadzira urongwa hwemabhuku :

• Tsanangudzo yebhuku kana imwe mhuka inofanira kunge inosanganisira: kubhadhara, musoro, ruzivo pamusoro peimba yekudhinda, gore rekubudiswa.
• Nenzira, kana zvichibvira, ruzivo pamusoro pekupararira, nhamba yemapeji, nzvimbo dzinofanira kusimbiswa mumamiriro ekushanda mubvunzo iri kuwedzerwa.
• Zviratidzo zvemunyori zvinotanga nemufananisi, ipapo zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa.
• Mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika anofanira kutsanangurwa achitanga nemusoro webhuku racho, pasina mabhiizo (somuenzaniso, Russian Federation neRussia Federation), achitsanangura musi wekubudiswa mupepanhau reRussia (iyo ndiyo mvumo yekuita mutemo);
• Mitemo, mitemo, zvivhiti zvinoda kuratidzwa kwechiremera chinogamuchirwa.

Kuti uwane kuunganidza kwakawanda kwerwendo zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa tsanangudzo uye mienzaniso inotsanangurwa muGOST dzakanyorwa pamusoro apa.

Zvinyorwa zvebhaibheri pamusoro pehutungamiri

Nzira dzevatungamiri dzakasiyana zvakasiyana nebasa romutungamiriri. Panyaya iyi, urongwa hwezvinyorwa zvevatungamiri hunogona kusiyanisa zvikuru zvichienderana nehutungamiri, zvinangwa uye zvinangwa zvebasa racho. Ngatikurukurei mimwe mienzaniso.

.К., Вахович Дж . М .). Nyaya yemabhuku ekutarisira mari haafaniri kuita kunze kwebhuku "Zvinotarisirwa zvekutarisira mari" ( Van Horn JK , Vakhovich JM ). Izvo hazvishamisiwo kuti basa rekugadzirisa zvemari richapfuura nepakati yemari yemari yakagadzirwa naJohn L. Kelly. Zvakakosha kuwedzera zvishoma zvinyorwa pakutsvakurudza kwemari kwevanyori veRussia.

Nyaya yemabhuku pamusoro pekugadzirisa masimba anogona kunosanganisira mabhuku akawanda ekune dzimwe nyika, sezvo mazwi echibasa iri ekutungamira ave achishandurirwa muchiRussia uye anoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvakakosha kutaura nezvemabasa aPurofesa G. Mintzberg, uyo akatanga matanho makuru ekugadzirisa kwemasangano emasangano.

Muzvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa nemunyori mukugadzirwa kwebasa chero ripi neripi pamusoro pekutungamira rinofanira kuratidza kuongorora kwakakwana kwezvinetso uye kupinda mazita ezvinyorwa pamusoro pevatariri sechigadziro chebasa rehupamhi hwemutsvakurudzi.