Ob: hunhu aibuda, nenzvimbo unhu

Total pamepu kweRussia, pane vanenge mamiriyoni 2,5 enzizi. Ruzhinji vacho nzizi duku. Zvisinei, vamwe vanosvika yakakura zvechokwadi kukura. Rimwe waterways izvi - ndiye Ob.

General zvechadenga rwizi

Nhungamiro kuyerera of Ob River ndiye zvayo chikuru chinhu. Kusiyana nevamwe nzizi Russian, inoyerera kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro. Ob ndiye wakarebesa rwizi kuRussia. Kureba kwazvo kunyange urefu nzizi dzakadai Yenisei uye Lena. The zvachose nzvimbo bheseni ayo ba vanenge mamiriyoni 3. M. km riri kashanu yakakura kupfuura kunharaunda France.

Ob, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, ndiyo wakarebesa rwizi rose munharaunda Russia. Its pool iri zvishoma iri dzimwe nyika - somuenzaniso, Mongolia uye China. The rwizi ane dzakawanda zvokudya mhando: chando, mvura uye chando. On dzarwo vari yakawanda mumaguta. Mainozonodira Gulf Ob. Avhareji kumhanya unyatsoshanda Ob River 5 km / h.

rokumusoro Ob

Pool inonzi rwizi inoona nezvenjodzi iri zvakasiyana Nzvimbo uye okunze. Kurutivi rwezasi vachiri kufambidzana shure rwizi zvinopisa mumarenje uye Semi-mumarenje. Kuchamhembe - kunotonhora achinaya mvura nharaunda. gang All conditionally muzvikamu zvitatu: rokumusoro, pakati uye ezasi. Panguva apo vaviri batanidza kupinda anoshamisa nzizi Biya uye Katun, uye zvinobva rwizi Ob. Hunhu aibuda munharaunda iyi kunobva kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

Kusvikira pamuromo Tomi Dolina Obi paupamhi. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi rokumusoro. Pano, kuerera ane zvakanaka kumhanya, asi zvikuru rwizi akawedzera, kuti nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva uye njodzi chokubuda mvura yaro. The rwizi mubhedha rinowanzoshandiswa waitsimbirira mukuru pamahombekombe rworuboshwe, uye pasi Novosibirsk nayo rakawedzerwa 20 km. Kunyange repasi kuyerera ari rechibharo maviri Ob - Chumysh ari kurudyi uye akasiya Aley. How kutsanya kana kunonoka panguva Ob inoenderana munharaunda yacho. Somuenzaniso, imwe matombo pasi panguva confluence Katun Bii uye zvakafanira mukuru nokukurumidza erwizi aibuda mune nzvimbo iyi.

Panzira, mumatsutso uye muchirimo munzvimbo ino unogona vachengete kuziva chinoshamisa. On chikamu pemvura yorwizi pano zvinoita kuti mitsetse. Izvi imhaka yokuti vaviri chikuru mvura nzizi kupendwa namavara siyana uye kusanganiswa pakarepo. Greenish mvura Katun uye whitish bia zvinoumba kwakadaro kushanda.

avhareji Ob

On ake refu rwendo Ob anounganidza mvura anoisa Siberian nzizi gomo. njanji Its inopfuura mhiri West Siberian Plain, rakakamurwa dzisimbe, ducts. Kana chisipiti anouya, munharaunda ino anosika fungidziro ane magumo muviri kwemvura zvitsuwa duku munyika.

Average Ob ndiye chinotevera, iyo inokamukana conditionally rwizi. Rinotanga pamuromo rwizi Tom , uye inoguma apo inoyerera kupinda Ob Irtysh. In yayo pakati chikamu rwizi waitsimbirira vanonzi yakaoma Belogorsk - chiduku chikomo.

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, yakafara chaizvo (kupfuura 50km) anova rwizi Ob. The hunhu kuyerera kwayo - garika. Rinewo dzakawanda ducts. Mushure confluence of Irtysh ayo mugero, gang anoshandura mirayiridzo, wekushanduka rwokumusoro. Upamhi floodplain kuMiddle Ob riri pakati 20 uye 30 km, uye Valley - 30-50? Km.

dzikisa Ob

Zano muGulf of Ob akadana Lower Ob. Pano, nohupamhi yayo kubva 3 kusvika 7 km. Valley River asymmetric: arwo rorudyi pamawere chimiro uye yakafukidzwa dondo, uye kuruboshwe, nekusiyana, flat. Gore negore, hunhu porwizi kuchinja. Channel, kugeza kure mawere rworudyi mubhangi uye dzasara muchibatisisa silt, anochinja chimiro chayo.

Mafashamu muchirimo ndiyo pakuva ine rwizi Ob. Hunhu aibuda mune rezasi inosvika pakati rechibharo yayo nokuda pamberi simba - Tom uye Irtysh. Nokuti Lower Ob chitubu nenzizi uye mafashamo zhizha batanidza chimwe chinozunguzirwa simba.

Paumbwe chando pechifukidziro

Upper uye Middle Ob kazhinji nokufukidzwa marongera chando kutonhora mwaka. Yokumusoro Chikamu rwizi wobudiswa chando pabutiro nechepakati April, avhareji - kuna April danda, uye nechepasi - pakutanga May. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, Ob ndiye ice-akasununguka kwenguva refu. Somuenzaniso, munzvimbo Barnaul , iyi ndiyo mazuva 200 pagore. In Salekhard Ob haina yakafukidzwa chando kwenguva mazuva 180. Kana tsime anouya, rwizi mvura inogona kusimuka kusvika 4 m. Pano, muzhizha mvura inogona kudziyirwa kusvika madhigirii 28.

Kudzidza ari munhoroondo Ob

Mumazuva iwayo, kana vakunda European akanga akwegura kupinda America, kumabvazuva kweSiberia chinoramba achiri havaratidzi kunzwisisa. Zvinyorwa Ob River rokutanga, nhengo XVI remakore. Mumazuva iwayo zvaifungwa kuti aigona kuwana China uye kunyange India.

Muenzaniso wakanaka mepu kweSiberia panguva iyoyo aiva mutsvakurudzi Mercator Atlas of Europe, akanyorwa 1595. Asi kunyange ipapo rwizi anomiririrwa zvakaipa zvachose. A non-aripo China Lake rakazivikanwa kwaro repamusoro rinosvika.

Russian akatanga kugara kuSiberia anenge XVI-XVII remakore. Kunyange panguva bheseni akawanikwa navo kare inogarwa nemadzinza Khanty, Mansi uye Selkups. Zvakaoma chaizvo panguva kumisa kwakabva zita rwizi. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti anowana kubva Russian shoko "zvose", soRwizi zvinobva dzimwe nzizi mbiri.

Zvimwe masayendisiti anodavira kuti zita rinobva wevechitendero shoko "AB", iro rinoreva "mvura". Asi kekutanga akasangana Ob Novgorod, iye ndokugara pasi Lower Ob. Vakadaidza rwizi "Obdora". Asi zvikurukuru nokuti geographers haisi chirahwe rwizi Ob. Hunhu aibuda, ayo nzvimbo uye upfumi vakadzidza panguva zhinji nzendo uye nokubatsira chinokosha michina.