Kukosha sezvingatarisirwa kuitika kwevanhu vapenyu tumbuyu (zvakanaka nezvakaipa)

Tupukanana ndivo vamiririri kupfuura vakawanda zvaimirirwa arthropods. Nokuda maitiro zviri sechivako ivo Inoziva nzvimbo dzose. ukoshi Great nezvipembenene muupenyu. Kubatsira uye pokukuvadza wevamiriri idzi mhuka nyika, uye ichakurukurwa munyaya.

The maitiro zviri tumbuyu

Kukosha sezvingatarisirwa kuitika kwevanhu vapenyu tumbuyu yakafanira kune vakadaro zvimwewo zvinhu uye munyika chivako, izvo kuvabvumira kuchinja nyore kune mamiriro chero zvakatipoteredza.

muviri wavo une musoro, thorax uye dumbu. The rokutanga zvikamu izvi wanamatira peya imwe tunonzwa. Zamu rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu, chimwe nechimwe anotakura peya imwe maoko nemakumbo. Veils dzinoumba mheto matanga - mapapiro. Asi mamwe marudzi tumbuyu, kunyanya vaya kurarama parasitic upenyu, havana mapapiro.

The cuticle anofukidza mutumbi Tupukanana, unoumba yokunze marangwanda. Kunze, izvozvo allocates ine fuma mafuta-zvakadai kunotadzisa kunyanya kurasikirwa muviri unyoro. zvipembenene tsandanyama vanokwanisa kubata pane mukuru maitikiro. Izvi hunotungamira kutiza nokukurumidza.

Nokuti mamwe marudzi, dzakadai ladybirds, dzinoratidzwa extraintestinal kugaya. Kufanana dandemutande, ivo squirt muto yavo muviri rechipfuwo. Anozivikanwa notupukanana, idzo saizvozvo kukanganisa mbeu ezviyo.

Respiratoria ezvinhu hunomiririrwa yakatarwa pakati trachea, izvo zvinobudirira anopa masero pamwe okisijeni.

The Zvivako zvose nenhengo dzawo zviri zvikuru adaptive kukosha.

maitiro Features

The murau muviri mashandiro tupukanana vaiita kushandisa Neural uye humoral nehurongwa. Saka dzinoratidzwa kunzwisisa maitiro kwavari. Kukosha zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu rezvipembenene kazhinji nokuda ichi kuve.

The chinokosha tsinga - uropi, kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. Zvikurukuru nayo Anterior. Izvi aonekwe pamberi emamiriro zvaisazogona - chokuziva zvirongwa maitiro. For zvipembenene vanoonekwa ne kuvhima, uriri, kuvaka uye mamwe marudzi zvaisazogona.

Humoral mutemo muviri kushandisa pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu - mahormone. Vakamira kunze kushandiswa mumasero kupinda ropa. Muenzaniso zviito zvavo zvinogona mutemo molting kwacho, yezwi ezvinhu zororo, tauriranai nevanhu vanhukadzi.

dzirarame

Kunyanya kunzwisisa maitiro vari munzanga mhuka. Kukosha tupukanana muupenyu hwevanhu kuwana uchi, mukume nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri. Iwe, Chokwadi, wafungidzira kuti tiri kutaura pamusoro nyuchi. Vanorarama mumhuri yakakura umo nomumwe anoita ayo chinokosha basa. mambokadzi yakaorera uye varume vane basa pamuviri ushande. Asi kushanda vanhu kuvaka mizinga, uye munguva yake ndisina nguva kubva chidzidzo ichi, unganidza mukume. Panguva iyoyo Vanotakura pamusoro rusarura, ichipa mamiriro kuti pakusangana kuti maruva zvinomera. Zviri ngaavongwe nezvipukanana izvi kuoneka michero uye mbeu dzakawanda. Vashandi izvi nesimba uye zvinopa tumbuyu zvakanaka muupenyu murume uye hunhu.

Vanoita masvosve

Kukosha zvakasikwa uye zvipembenene upenyu murume anogona kufunga muenzaniso nezvimwe zvisikwa - masvosve. Mukugadzira pachavo dzimba, ivo vaunganidze yakawanda yokuvaka zvinhu. Saka masvosve vakamutsa ivhu, zvichiita zvikuru porous uye akapfuma Organic zvinhu uye oxygen.

Large tsvuku howa kudya vakawanda dondo zvipukanana. Zvisinei, munhu ane ikaruma dzavo kunogona kuva nengozi. Formic acid, iyo anosunungurwa panguva ino, unogona kukonzera kuvaviwa, vasafara uye neutachiona.

voracious orthopters

Of Kunyanya kukosha muupenyu zvipembenene vamiririri vane orthopters kukupfura. Izvi mhashu, cricket, mhashu uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Asi vazhinji vavo havasi wakakotsekana sezvazvakanyorwa rwakaimbwa rwiyo akakurumbira chevana. Mhashu, riri herbivorous tumbuyu, anokwanisa kuparadza zvirimwa muminda. Miti iyi anokwanisa muwande nokukurumidza. mhuri Huge nendege achitsvaka zvokudya, patakafanana makore chaiwo. Muchiitiko chino, nzira kwayo vanoparadza zvose miriwo.

Asi muvengi minda neminda yemiti ndiyo cricket. Tiine simba uone tsoka iye ari kuita inofamba muvhu kutsvaga dzinodyiwa pevhu zvikamu zvinomera. Izvi zvinotungamirira kurufu rwavo. Activities nhuta crickets dzimwe nguva anotanga yakawanda scale, zvichiita irreparable kuvadza chirimwa.

The nengozi yacho inda uye inda

Kukosha tupukanana muupenyu hwevanhu uye zvakasikwa ichiwanzova. Hakuna kusara uye inda. Izvi wingless Nezvipembenene chinjwa nzwara vasiyana hondo muviri vhudzi, kudzinganisana ropa rayo. Nokudaro inda anogona kutakura chirwere chinouraya: relapsing nefivha uye typhus.

Regai kunyonganisa Zvipembenene izvi inda. Ekupedzisira dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo saltatorial tsoka. Asi zvinoreva inda haina munguva ipi yakanaka. Ndivo ropa-yakayamwa tupukanana, achikwanisa kutakura chirwere.

Kuti tidzivise kusvibiswa tumbuyu ngozi izvi, unofanira kuchengeta zvakanaka utsanana: regai kushandisa womumwe mbatya, heti uye mizinga, tora mvura mishonga, nguva nenguva kushandura andapeni.

zvinoshamisa zvipembenene

Kukosha tupukanana muupenyu hwevanhu uye hunhu - akanaka uye havana mumiririri hurongwa Coleoptera. Vakawanda vavo vari nezvikara. Panguva iyoyo vanoparadza tupukanana zhinji mune zvokurima. Somuenzaniso, imwe ladybird anodya inda dzemuriwo uye Krasotel - makonye ose kungozvifunga zvipukanana. Asi, zvinonzwisa tsitsi kuti mhando zvipembenene pachavo kukuvadza zvikuru kurima. Weevil anoparadza matavi shuga bhiti. Uye uya aifanira kuunganidza mashoko mazana muColorado mbatatisi beetles mbatatisi, anoziva kuti ari hurukuro inokosha iyi "akanaka" harudikanwi. Asi vadzvinyiriri Tupukanana chinhu kovakuoriainen. It inorwisa zvakatapwa, kunyange apo zvakakodzwa kusvika pokupedzisira. In pakutapwa, dzimwe nguva kunyange akwezve zvidimbu zvidiki nyama.

Asi ndove zvipembenene, pasinei chisingafadzi zita, muzvinatse zvakatipoteredza kubva uyezve nendove, izvo zvokudya. Zvisinei, ivo zvakarurama yakakodzerwa wenyaya hwakasimba zvipembenene, nekuti vanogona kusimudza mutoro nguva 90 kunorema kupfuura ravo.

Diptera ikaruma

Murume akanga kutsungirira ikaruma ose arthropods pamwe kare kare kare akasarudza kuti kukosha nezvipembenene mune vanhu uye upenyu kunaka. Kana totaura umhutu, izvi zvakaoma nharo. Chokwadi, mazana avo zvokudya hove. Asi mosquito ikaruma zvinogona kukonzera zvakakomba neutachiona. Dzimwe zvinoparadzira marariya uye tsvuku fivhiri. Zvirwere izvi kakawanda zvinouraya.

Kukosha tupukanana muupenyu hwevanhu uye zvakasikwa uye kunokonzerwa nemabasa enhunzi. Musafunga kuti vari chete kunovhiringidza uye ngozi. On pemvura muviri ndiwo mugove mazai nehonye, nemavhairasi, pathogenic utachiona. Zvisinei, kuita muitiro kierrätys akafa makemikari nyaya, kuvandudza hwevhu nenhunzi.

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti kukosha zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu tumbuyu zvose akaipa uye zvakanaka. Asi upenyu pavo achava kutarisana wose, nokuti mumwe munhu nezvokuvandudzika Zvipembenene mamiriyoni 250!