OHP - chii uye chii zvimwe zvayo?

Dzimwe nguva, apo mumwe mwana ane matambudziko nokutaura, vanachiremba akaisa chirwere: OHP. Chii uye sei chinoratidza pacharo, nei vana vanotambura nezvirwere ichi, uye isu kunyatsotarisisa panguva ino zvinhu. Uyewo, uchadzidza zvaunoda kupinda makirasi pamberi nechirwere sezvo inogona kugadziridzwa vana.

EPD: chii

chidimbu ichi zvinoreva nhamba kutaura underdevelopment. chirwere ichi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva zviratidzo zvakadai unformed nerevane machemero chaibwinya ne mwana, uye zvaanoreva kuti anoda kutaura navo. Uyezve, kana vanozvisanangurira zvokurwara lexical uye zvivakamutauro uye phonemic urongwa, nembudzana havabvumirani pamusoro shoko, kureva zvimwe mabhii, etc.

Zvisinei, hunhu vana EPD - haisi kutaura urema, mune imwe nzira kana imwe hunhu akawanda kuenda kukireshi zera, asiwo pathologies yakadzika, izvo, kana ivo vasina kugadziriswa, kungaita kuti zvikuru nepfungwa - dyslexia uye dysgraphia, umo mwana havazokwanisi kunyatsodzidza magadzirirwo kunyora.

Uyewo, chirwere anofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kutanga inozivikanwa phonetic-phonemic hypoplasia. OHP pachayo kazhinji kuonekwa pamusoro pakanyorwa syndromes akadai:

• alalia (yakakwana kana substantially vasiri kutaura);
• rhinolalia (nezvinetso nekunyatsotsanangura uye nenzwi chimiro);
• dysarthria (vasingadzoreki emashoko);
• aphasia (arasika kana kare kuumbwa kutaura shanda).

Zvinokonzera OHP

Speech chiremba, sezvo mutemo, panguva rokuongorora kungaratidza mhaka kuti wakatsamwisa chinhu chakadai mune mwana. Vazhinji vavo chokuita nguva pamuviri amai, kunyanya:

• simba toxicosis;
• kuputa uye kunwa doro apo kuchengeta;
• kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvinokuvadza;
• kusapindirana hwemapoka amai uye mwana ropa;
• kunotevera panguva yokuberekwa kana zvokurwara;
• nechepakati tsinga zvirwere ari mwana pazera duku.

Zvimwewo zvikonzero kuti anokonzera vachivavhiringidza hwekutaura, kusiyanisa zvakaipa mwana-kurera ezvinhu, uyewo zvirwere kakawanda kusanganisira stomatitis.

Wakakura zvikuru chimiro, izvo zvinoda vainyatsotarisirwa uye kurapwa - ndiye OHP, vawana iri uterine nguva kana pagore upenyu rokutanga. Heino rinokosha chaizvo kuzvidzora. Usakanganwa kuti chakaipa kukura yokutaura vana vane EPD hazvibviri pasina nguva makirasi mukutaura marapirwo uye kuongorora.

How kuziva chirwere?

A yakawanda vabereki vane vana vari rimwe zera musatanga kutaura kana vezera ravo rokutsiva akadana zvinhu, vari achiyambirawo. Dzimwe nguva chose padzakavakirwa, nokuti kana pasina zvokurwara, mwana kutaura tichikufunga. Asi sei kuona kuvapo NRO? Chii uye sokunge iri tsika, ngationei tarisa:

• kana isu havanzwisisi mwana vakuru uye zvakaoma kuti panze, uye ichi hachisi Chiitiko kwenyika;
• kana ukaona kuti anokunzwisisa, asi hamugoni kutaura chinhu akapindura;
• zvokuvamba kutaura dzinotanga kuumbika kubva pamakore 4-5;
• kana panguva kukurukura mwana havabvumirani pamusoro inokosha chimiro nyaya nemumwe (somuenzaniso, musikana akanaka, shanu Domei, akanaka zuva).

Kana mumwe apa zvinozonzi pakarepo kutungamirira mwana kuti chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura, uye kana zvakakodzera - Kutaura pathologists uye neuropsychiatrist. Chiremba anofanira kucherekedza uye kuona kana EPD, pane zvimwe zviratidzo munhu kunonoka kutaura kukura.

kupatsanura zvirwere

Saka, zvichienderana zvekuchipatara zvinoratidza mwana, akanga imwe boka anogona kupiwa OHP. In yose, kune zvitatu:

• nyore (Minimum dysfunctions akataura, panova mutemo tsandanyama matauriro, akacherechedza umbishi manzwiro uye yesarudzo, etc ...);
• rakaoma (pamberi chetsinga uye pfungwa zvinetso, akaratidza Somuenzaniso, nezvipusha, palsy uye dzimwe syndromes);
• hunonyadzisa nokuvhunika (Organic siyana lesion uropi anokonzera kutaura, kunyanya kana alalia).

Uyewo kusiyanisa apo OHP chirwere yomuropa, zvichienderana nekugona mwana ati:

• yokutanga (kana vana havatauri zvachose);
• wechipiri (ndiko, asi zviri murombo kwazvo, ipapo agrammatism - kutyorwa kushandisa nyaya siyana, Dictionary Urege kusendama zera);
• wechitatu (mitsara anogona kukudziridzwa, asi pane zvinetso makaseti semantically);
• wechina (wandei Zvipingamupinyi phonetics, mashoko uye girama pakutaura).

On neimwe pamwero chirwere tichaita hunonyatsodonongodza.

Tikafunga chii angava mukuru underdevelopment rwokutaura mwana?

Zvinoitwa EPD ndechokuti kazhinji Fani iyi kuonekwe pamusoro pakanyorwa zvinotevera zvirwere:

• Rhesus-kunetsana;
• asphyxia;
• intrauterine hypoxia;
• zvinorwadza kukuvara uropi.

vana ava vane ONR rakasiyana zvatinosiita, vamwe vavo vatanga kutaura mashoko avo okutanga kusvikira makore matatu, asi ndeyokuva imwe kana maviri. Vanoti iduku pane vezera ravo, zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakarurama.

Kakawanda, zvinetso izvi zvinogona yekudyidzana kukanganisa kukura dzimwe zvishande urongwa: ndangariro, muitiro kuziva itsva uye saka segwapa uye gwenya dysfunction kana nyonganyonga kufamba Kufambisa ... The mwana asiri kutaura, anoenda pasi, haana basa chii chinofanira kuva zera rako: matoyi, mabhuku, haakumbiri mibvunzo vabereki havasi yakavhomorwa kukurukura nevezera ravo, injini unyanzvi, kutambura zvakanyanyisa.

OHP yaro zvazvinoita haagoni chete kuva mugumisiro pathologies siyana mune vanamai panguva yavanenge vakazvitakura kana pakusununguka. Kazhinji mhosva chirwere chinhu evanhu chinhu, apo vabereki vanobhadhara shoma kuteerera mwana uye regai kutaura naye. The zvishoma kuonana mwana, asi gare gare uchatanga kutaura, chokwadi ichi anozivikanwa nevakawanda.

Special zviri chakakomba siyana ari NRO

chirwere yomuropa vakasiyana mumwe zvichienderana mwero kuparadzwa mubvunzo. Kune mana okutanga uye wechipiri - chinonetsa.

Chokutanga pamwero kunoratidzwa nokusanzwisisa coherent kutaura zvizere, pasinei nezera romwana. Anoshandisa kukurukura chinhu chakafanana Kutaurisa, uye zvidimbu ruzha, pfungwa kushaiwa. Mutauro kashoma zvinosanganisira kanenge mashoma zvahunoreva mashoko, zvakawanda zviri onomatopoeia uye zvivako.

Kutaura kamwe chinangwa. shoko mwana pamwe nechirwere zvakaoma zvikuru, sezvo phonemic muitiro ndiyo chete panguva kwokutanga Danho (akafanana vacheche kusvikira makore maviri).

Asi panguva pamwero yokutaura vana vane EPD kweinopfuura yechipiri nokuenzanisa, kunyange kumbonaka. Pamwero muduku zvikuru, vanogona kubereka kwete Kutaurisa chete, asiwo vamwe nyore inzwi magadzirirwo mashoko matatu.

Kazhinji, vana havazivi rimwechete uye muuzhinji, vari kuramba kuvhiringidzwa, haagoni kudana ichi kana kuti nyaya, regai nhaka nhaurirano chikamu mutauro uye regai kurereka mashoko, kana zvakakodzera chimiro ichi NRO. Kazhinji, ruzhinji vana vezera asingaiti chinhu matambudziko.

Notes kusarurama rinonzwika kudzitsiva, zvokuti kunyange munhu mukuru haana kunzwisisa zvaanotaura, sezvo mwana hadzisi kukwanisa kuongorora yenyu kukurukurirana kwacho.

Ndichishanda nevana zvikuru kutaura kukundwa

Nokuti budiriro vanotumirwa chaiwo makirasi vana vane EPD yokutanga maviri nhanho.

Vari zvakagadzirirwa mabasa akadai:

• paumbwe deposits nzeve yake pakutaura;
• Kugadzirwa mabhii emashoko;
• kukwanisa kusiyanisa uye tinobereka ruzha;
• kukurudzira phonemic maonero;
• kukwanisa kubudisa zvokutanga kutaura shoko siyana;
• Mutauro mwana;
• vadzidze nyore girama dzakabatana.

Uyewo kuti makirasi maererano nezera uye pakasvika chirwere kunoratidzwa mumwe kana mumwe unyanzvi. OHP ikarapwa nokuita zviitwa akadai:

• evocation pakati ruzha uye zvavo kushandisa michina;
• hunoshanda kukura syllabic mamiriro mashoko;
• kukwanisa kunzwisisa mamiriro kutaura pachiyero mashoko uye girama, uye zvakawanda.

Kukundwa kutaura pamwero 3

Panguva iyi sandara, pane agara kunofambidzana kutaura nevana pamwe ONR, uye vamwe vanogona kanenge kunzwisisa kuti dzinorevei.

Nokuti chimiro ichi chirwere inozivikanwa nokushandisa nyore rimwe-shoko mitongo, asi zvakaoma kuvaka zvivakamutauro zvakagadzirwa vakawana tanetseka chaizvo. Kunyanya, mwana zvakaoma chaizvo kutarisira kudzidza madudzirwo zvinobatanidzwa uye kutukana PARTICIPLE mitsara, dzidza musoro uye causal ukama zvinhu kutaura nevamwe vanhu.

Panguva iyi sandara, zvinotaura EPD vangakwanisa kurishandisa paaitaura anenge ose nhengo matauriro uye kunyanya zvakarurama anotaura mazita zvinhu uye mananara vakavapoteredza. Key ari kuchengeterwa ndivo emazita uye verbs, uye adjectives kune adverbs pano zvinogona kushandiswa chaizvo kashoma. Pane zvikanganiso zviri Zvireva mwene, conjunctions kufambisa, inosimbisa mashoko.

Most chirwere nyoro

Wechina pamwero ndiyo nyore, asi vanoenda kukireshi vana ONR, kunyange kusvika vamwe vana vachiri kwakanyanya kudzidza kurovedzwa kudzidza. Vari kure shure nevezera ravo panyaya kukura kutaura.

Munyika yose, zvakakomba yokutyora chimiro ichi havasi iripo, chii zvakawanda, mwana wako Mutauro wacho guru. Asi haana kuziva uye haanzwisisi kuti vari anoreva zvakafanana, antonyms, haagoni kurangarira hapana aphorism usingagoni kunzwisisa zvadzinoreva, kunyange kana iri nyaya refu. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana anogona sei. pamwe omumwe zvakavanzika, nokuti musoro kufunga zviri zvikuru nedambudziko.

A maitiro chinhu ndiwo achikwakuka kuti zviduku zvakawanda apo ndichizivisa chinhu uye zvakaitika kiyi nguva nezvezvakaitwa, ari kugara kudzokororwa chii kare ambotaurwa. Ndokusaka ndichishanda nevana EPD iri mhando dziitwe nguva uye anosanganisira nzira dzakadai magwaro uye shanduro dzokududzira nedzimwe nzira mafungiro uye paumbwe chokurondedzera mikana inzwi zvirongwa.

Chirwere chirwere pamatauriro kurapa

Kazhinji, chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura uye vamwe vanachiremba varayire pakuongorora EPD, izvo zvinosanganisira kunowanzoitika mwana matauriro uye imwe neimwe vasiri pezvakaitwa dzinobatanidzwa kwayo inotungamirwa.

The rokutanga danho yokudzidza iri kutaura nevabereki pamusoro zvinoitwa nepamuviri uye pakusununguka, uyewo evanhu dzidzo mwana; kazhinji sei kutaura naye, kworudzii mutauro kushandiswa pakukurukurirana uye zvakawanda.

Zvadaro, chirwere kuongorora kutaura uye kutaura sei kutaura mamiriro zvinoriumba vari achiumbwa iyi. Kuti aite izvi, kutanga isu kudzidza mwero relatedness kukurukurirana pedyo chikumbiro kutsanangura mufananidzo nemashoko avo kana kuti zita zvinhu.

Next ndiyo Kuongorora Vocal midziyo marongerwo uye correlates pamwe motility riri kuitwa kuti chirwere kungonyaradza ndangariro, uyewo mamwe chepfungwa dzinotsanagura mwana.

Handiti zvinonzi vakagumisa mumwe chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura, mumwe chiremba, izvo zvinoratidza pachiyero OHP uye zvinokonzera, kana ivo varipo. Inspection achabvumira kudzikama vabereki iye nekuda chirwere akatora mumwe kunonoka kutaura kukura, izvo dzinoratidzwa kunonoka kumhanya rokuumba unyanzvi zvokukurukura vomwana, uye saka hapana kutyora.

kwokururamisa zviito

For kuchirapa zvinangwa, rinoitwa chiitiko chakadai, sezvo kururamiswa of NRO. Chii uye sei voitakura kunze, tichava kupa pazasi.

Pakutanga sandara, munosimbiswa kuva kunzwisisa kurapwa kuti mwana uye activation yokuzvidzora emashoko. Hatisi kutaura pamusoro yakarurama imwe phonetic nemaonero, asi zvivakamutauro anopiwa mumwe ukoshi kuti zvakarurama nomusoro mashoko mamiriro.

Kana OHP Level 2 vana, kutsiurwa zvinosanganisira paumbwe anogona kuvaka mitsetse uye kutsaura lexical chivako, yakanatswa inzwi emashoko, ndiko kushaya kuzvipira kushandisa mamwe vatambi neimwe neshoko.

The Kutaura yechitatu iri kugadzira connectivity uye akavandudzika phonemic maonero ari kukurukura. Vana kugadzirira zvakakodzera kuitwa yegirama yomutauro.

Asi vatowanda munyoro muchimiro NRO - wechina pamwero - matanho okugadzirisa akagadzirirwa kuita kwomuzvarirwo muhurukuro mukwaniso zera, unyanzvi kudzidza vaiita zvokunyora tsamba uye mashoko, uyewo zvinokosha kuverenga.

Panguva siyana maviri chirwere wokutanga, vana kuchikoro zera hazvigoni kudzidziswa pamusoro ndima nevezera ravo, uye zvinoda kutarisirwa. Kuti aite izvi, pane zvikoro dzidzo chaiwo Mapato vadzidzi, apo vadzidzisi vanonyatsoteerera nechokwadi kuti huripo matambudziko kwakakurirwa pamwe nguva. Apo OHP rechitatu pamwero unogona kudzidza muchikoro dzose, asi munyika chaiyo remedial makirasi, uye wechina mwana anogona takasununguka kufamba mukirasi yokutanga iri ndima nevezera ravo, asi nguva dzose kupinda makirasi mukutaura mishonga.

Visual Modelling sezvo nzira yokurapa of EPD panguva mukuru kuenda kukireshi vana zvairatidza yokushandisa

Doctors Speech Vanamukoti pashure chirwere zviyero vana vane EPD rwechitatu norwechina siyana chiziviso kazhinji vane zvinotevera zvinoratidza:

• coherent zvirevo muchidimbu;
• kusawirirana kutaura;
• chinyorwa angasava pakati ukama musoro uye causal;
• duku anodzidzisa hwaro.

Uyewo, vana kazhinji vanofara kutaura pamusoro mavara sei vakaswera muzhizha kana kushanyira chivaraidzo park, asi kuti anyore rondedzero nezvenyaya iyi asingagoni. Uye kwete nokuti taita nezvengozi chinhu, asi nekuda nokushaya mikana pamasikiro nendangariro chokuita nemitemo yomutauro zvakarurama mashoko chivako.

Ndokusaka mashoko varapi vanowanzoshandisa kutarisana Modelling sezvo nzira kuvandudza mutauro unyanzvi pa ONR. Pamusana kwaari, vana vanogona kudzidza kunzwisisa avo kana zvimwe zvisiri pachena sezvo Mifananidzo, nekuti, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda indasitiri vachiri zera kuona zvinhu zviri ozeyewa nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika nemashoko.

Pfungwa kutarisana simulation

A akanaka simulation zvinhu inonzi kubereka pfuma chinhu kuitika zvinotevera mumatanho:

• kuongorora chaihwoihwo pfungwa;
• Shanduro rayo mumutauro wemasaini;
• nokuti simulation.

Mukutaura mushonga, nzira iyi rinoshandiswa senzira kudzidza mashoko matsva, uyewo zivo kwezvakatipoteredza mananara matsva vana vaduku. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha vana pamwe ONR vanenge kunyimwa yokukurukura nevabereki, uye ivo vakabhadhara zvishoma pfungwa mune mashoko maonero enyika.

Nokuti kuenda kukireshi zera kuti muzadze remashoko uye kuvandudza kutaura-kwakagonesa zvinhu mabasa akadai kududzirwa kwemashoko acho, pavanoteka yake nyaya firimu, tsananguro chiito.

Experience nyanzvi yakaratidza kuti kirasi NRO vachishandisa kutarisana simulation anogona muzviitiko zvakawanda yekudyidzana akarurama remashoko uye hwokukurukura kuti vaunze nevamwe zera ravo.

Hapana chikonzero kuridza aramu?

Zvikuru sezvingatarisirwa, haisi nguva dzose pasi kutya vabereki vane musoro pasi. Somuenzaniso, kana uine mwana makore maviri angareva chete mashoko mashoma, uye mbudzana romuvakidzani ndotodururwa uchinetswa nevamwe mibvunzo iri urongwa hwenyika, zviri ingangodaro pashure mishomanana mamiriro uchava zvachinja, uye chikonzero chokunetseka musingadi vachadaro.

Zvisinei, chivimbo kunaka kushanyira chiremba uye zvakakodzera chirwere matanho kuona kuti kunonoka romuzvarirwo panyaya yako kana kwete.

Saizvozvowo, imi hamugoni kutorera OHP mwana hatigoni kureva zvimwe tsamba, kazhinji kuti "p". kuremara akadaro, Chokwadi, hatigoni kuona, tinofanira kubatwa chiremba wechikadzi achindidzidzisa kutaura. Zvikasadaro, zvinogona kuramba hwose. Zvisinei nevygovarivanie tsamba imwe asingadi kunotoreva yose kutaura zvirwere.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kuti NRO, kazhinji akarapa uye akaruramisa, kana vabereki mwana panguva kuteerera chirwere uye dzakakomba akakodzera kuti dambudziko. Uyewo kiyi chakaipa kukura ane pamuviri panguva iyo amai vanepamuviri vanofanira kuchengetedza utano hwakanaka uye irege pasi ose njodzi.