Order Tsika Ancient Greece uye Roma

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti zvepasi pose mapurani yakatanga pasi pokudzora chaiwo mazano vakasikwa ezvivako ari kunozivikanwa Hellas. mabasa avo usingafi emakore aiva muenzaniso mukuwirirana kuti akafuridzira ezvivako ari dzinouya iro pokutangira vavo tsvakiridzo okusika aiva murayiro ezvinhu Greece yekare. Photo pokuenzanisira nyaya, kupa pfungwa dzayo noruzhinji zvinhu.

Pfungwa mapurani kurongeka

Tisati tatanga kutaura zviri mirairo siyana, hachingatongovakuvadzi kujekesa zvinoreva kuzvida, saka kakawanda muna mavakirwo rokuti. Pasi zvinonzwisiswa kuva sezvamunoita kunokonzerwa kubva mifananidzo pakurapa zvivako inokosha - zvayo post-uye-danda kuvakwa. A nyore wemishonga mutsigiri kutwasuka uye zvido zvevanhu bhaa mairi rakava basa ounyanzvi.

VaGiriki pachisikirwo zvagara zvinowanika enhetembo omumwe zvakawanda zvinoita zvisingakoshi upenyu unhu. Pano uye senguva mubatanidzwa chivakwa zvinhu neshongwe okumusoro uriri, vakakwanisa kuona chiratidzo hondo zvakanaka - rutsigiro, uye zvakaipa - chinokutsimbirirai kubva kumusoro yayo kurema danda, architrave. Oh uye kana akauya nyaya zvakakwirira zvakadaro, zvinova risingadzivisiki zvechokwadi kutiza Tuso ezvivako yekare.

ReMbiru Matatu yekare Greek mapurani

An kuti hurongwa mavakirwo Greece yekare kunobva nembiru dzayo nhatu, yakava hwaro nguva yose aripo ichi yemhando budiriro. Below kwavari unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa sezvo Doric murayiro, kuti Ionic uye kuKorinde. Mazita aya vanobva kunzvimbo kuvaka kuoneka, kwakaratidzwa zvavo nevamwe hwokudhirowa zvinhu. Kazhinji, ava vaiva vanhuwo zvavo hapana dzimba uye voruzhinji zvivako kana kereke.

No masanga kuti zvivako zvechitendero embody zvibereko okusika rakafuridzirwa ezvivako. Kunamata vanamwari yaisanganisira tsika hurongwa kwete chete, asiwo zvinoda chinokosha aesthetic chimiro kusika zvinhu zvose yetemberi, kusanganisira ayo mapurani magadzirirwo sculptural kushongedzwa.

Early mapurani werudzii Greece yekare

Uyezve kuti wemuTesitamende mavakirwo Greece yekare ine nhoroondo midzi. Kunyange mangwanani zvikuru - zvekare - dzakavakwa munguva iyoyo, mifananidzo zvinhu vanonzi Doric. Netemberi, akaita sezvinoita kuri kuti squat, makaro makuru uye kushongedzwa. Vaigara I remakore AD, akakurumbira weRoma mapurani uye injiniya Vitruvius akatsanangura nayo nomazvo se "rume."

Kururama kwemashoko anozivikanwa akadaro anova pachena kana muchiona hombe mbiru, kusika pfungwa yesimba, vaikwanisa withstanding chero mutoro. Panguva iyoyowo, pamusoro yavo akafukidza longitudinal pakukoka pamwe akabatana ari grooves, inoratidza chido kumusoro, uye pave nepfungwa emuchina, izvo, pakawanda, pasi rose kuti hurongwa ezvinhu Greece yekare.

Muchidimbu kurondedzera ichi mapurani unyanzvi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nezvaizoitwa inofamba zvinoitwa muchimiro neshongwe - dzavo kwazvo pangoro uye tapered pamusoro. Zvakafanana mumwe indekisi, zvainanga denga - yokugara vanamwari vainamatwa mutemberi. Izvi chidobi manyorero anoshumira mumwe chinangwa - conical shongwe siluetti chikuru zvikuru pfungwa counteraction regiravhiti pane ayo zvachose kutwasuka chimiro.

The siyana temberi Doric

Yokupedzisira yezuva mbiru - capital - kunoratidzwa kushaya yakarongedzwa uye rine mvere convex contours, akadana Echinus, uye rectangular mundiro - Mushosho. Hapana zvakawanda. True mukono runako Hazvidi shonga. Zvisinei, unyanzvi uhwu mirayiridzo hazvirevi kuti murayiro mamiriro Greece yekare chamuita kuti kufinhwa zvokunze netemberi, akaita mukati yechinangwa maitiro.

With mukuru zvakafanana. kukura mutemberi Doric akatarisa zvakasiyana. Zvose zvaitsamira mumhu nenzvimbo shongwe, uyewo vakawanda chivakwa zvikuru. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinoita kuti pave nepfungwa unaffordable giravhiti, apo vamwe - kudekara uye nyasha. Kuti uone ichi, tarisai hombe Pestumskogo chimiro temberi Poseidon, uye kuenzanisa kwavari aine akayangarara hurukuro tsvene pakati Hephaestus panguva Agora.

The kwaita muchimiro musimboti mu mapurani

Papera nguva, atova ichatonga zvine mbiri tsika Mediterranean, hurongwa gadziriro Ancient Greece yave makapfumiswa nomumwe mapurani manyorerwo inonzi Ionic hurongwa. Kusiyana munin'ina wake Dorian, uyo mudzidziso nezvimiro zvayo rume, akava kuratidzwa romukadzi uye nyasha, wakaratidzwa mutete kurondedzera yembiru, uye kwose kudekara temberi zvikuru.

Mukuwedzera, echiGiriki ezvivako, akafuridzirwa ayo countrywomen akanaka, akaita misoro yembiru muchimiro madenderedzwa, nowenyika yomukadzi zamu, yakashongedzwa mupfumi zvemaoresa dziri semanekiresi. Nenyere anoitwa zvokuti zvakadzama kuti vaisagona kubatsira Fafitera chokuita mipendero wake zvipfeko.

Zvachose pfungwa yacho rechikadzi uye eroottinen vaisanganisa caryatides - munhukadzi nemifananidzo, kushandiswa sezvo dzimwe zvitsigiso. Vaiva Kusiyana yaiva Doric mutemberi simba uye kwakakwidibira inofananidza iyo iri Atlanteans.

Varieties Ionic Style

Buildings zvake ari Ionic murayiro, havana homogeneous. Vane nevamwe zvinhu kubvumira kugovera muvira Asia Minor uye atiki kusarudza. Chekutanga yakadzama kuratidzwa kwakasiyana chawo uye kushaya frieze - bhendi sculptural kushongedzwa, kugadzira mapango okuvaka pamusoro pamadziro. Unowanikwa Kazhinji. Attic anonyanya kuita. Ndicho ichi manyorero yakakurumbira mapurani murayiro hurongwa Greece yekare. Ancient zvikuru inozivikanwa kwayo musimboti.

Nevamwe zviri Attic manyorerwo netemberi zvinogona kunzi-rukoko matatu entablature - matanda kumusoro, ikafamba pamusoro anotsigira mbiru. Mukuwedzera, vari yoku frieze rukuru kuti unotenderera yose mukomberedzo echivako chacho uye kazhinji yakashongedzwa decoration nziyo.

Kazhinji, temberi Ionic, nokuti zvose zvayo chisingarambiki dhigirii, vane imwe nemhinganidzo yakakura - mashoko vakanga waibatanidzwa sezvamunoita dzavo, vave kunyimwa misoro yokudzokorora. Maererano nepurani dzavo features, vakanga vakanaka mumwe chete chaiyo divi. Chikonzero ichi kuti hurongwa mamiriro Greece yekare vaida mutsva, zvikuru yakanatswa uye ichiita mabasa akawanda manyorerwo.

Style, wefodya nokubudirira emakore akapfuura

Ivo vakava hurongwa yeKorinde, yakagadzirirwa kufungisisa uye zvaasingagoni kwayo maviri vamutangira. Iye mudzidziso zvakanakisisa mamiriro avo. Kuti mairi vakapiwa uzere yaro kuvakwa hurongwa ezvinhu Greece yekare. Ngano ane kuti musiki yayo, vekare Greek mapurani Callimachus kamwe vakapupurirawo chiseko okuyeuka ake.

Vakamira musikana Greek guva mudengu maruva akafukidza acanthus kumera kuburikidza zvipfigiso zvaro matavi manyoro. Zvinofadza chaizvo kuti mapurani, zvaakasika mbiru akawanda, misoro kwaakanga aona kuburitswa. Vakanga vakanaka kubva maonero zvose, uye nzira dzavo aiva hwaro kusika itsva mapurani hurongwa.

Rataurwa mapurani Roman Vitruvii akafananidza muKorinde mutete Mbiru pamwe silhouettes nevasikana. Kusiyana Dorian uye reIonia ivhu vanotarira zvikuru kuchinja uye maererano. Uyezve, nokuti misoro vokuKorinde uye entablature, kunze comprehensiveness yavo, dzinoratidzwa akapfuma kushongedzwa, achivapa yakajeka mutambo Kutarira.

Vateveri Roman vaGiriki vekare

Order Tsika Greece yekare vakashumira sehwaro zvakasikwa uye kukura mapurani zvitaera hweRoma. Asi kusiyana yapfuura emakore, mune akazotevera yenhoroondo yenyika, nokupararira akanga asina matatu, asi shanu kunogarirwa. Nokuti nhaka kubva muchiGiriki ezvivako uye creatively reworked manyorero ezvivako Roman akawedzera vaviri vokutanga vakava navo - Tuscan uye hwoupenyu.

Nyore ndiyo Tuscan manyorerwo. Rakanga dzinoratidzwa muhombe mbiru uye itsanangudzo Doric entablature - akafara sirin'i span, kazhinji zvakaitwa namatanda. Roman Doric uye Roman Ionic hurongwa vakawanda bereka prototypes dzavo Greek, asi vamwe okunatsiridza. Kana zvinobva manyorerwo, riri kuonekwa chakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru pane ayo mamiriro, richimiririrwa chine zvinhu nevamwe mirairo mana.

Pakona munyika mapurani

Hakusi kuwedzerera kutaura kuti mavakirwo muGirisi yekare, Unorudzi hurongwa iyo akawana kuenderera yayo mabasa ezvivako yeRoma, yaiva hwaro hwaakange Papera rose World Classical mapurani. Kutarisisa takatarira kwaari ounyanzvi dzakakurumbira zvinogona kuonekwa zvinhu izvi kupinda kwedu nyika kubva kare dzakadzika emakore.