Paakanga akaberekwa akafa Bunin? Ivan Bunin: Makore oupenyu

Vaverengi vakawanda vanoziva kana akaberekwa uye akafa Bunin. Uye vangani rangarira kuti chaiva mudetembi mukuru Russian uye novelist, uyo akanyora pamusoro pokuwa Russian kwamachinda? Uye, zvichida, vanhu vashoma chaizvo kuziva kuti Ivan ndiye Russian munyori wokutanga uyo akahwina Mubayiro muna 1833. Uye kuti kunzwisisa sei kubudirira migumisiro yakadaro, unofanira zvishoma anoziva Biography ake.

Childhood of ramangwana Kumukundi

Muna 1870, munyika Voronezh, mu munda vabereki vavo, iye akaberekwa yemberi munyori Ivan Bunin. Sekuru Ivan raiva rakabudirira chaizvo vomuridzi womunda. Asi pashure pokufa wake, akatanga noupenzi kutambisa ezvinhu. Uye chii zvishoma vakanga vasara shure, Bunin baba propyl uye vakarasikirwa patafura kadhi. At kwezana remakore yemhuri rombo yakanga anenge aneta. Bunin munyori ramangwana kubva pauduku vakaona kukura impoverishment mhuri.

Vazhinji uduku Ivan akapedza mumhuri kuchamuka, kwaakabereka vakajairana upenyu vanhuwo zvavo. Muna 1881, iye chikoro paruzhinji muna Yelets, asi pashure pemakore mashanu kudzidza rave kunze nemhaka matambudziko ezvemari mhuri uye rakamanikidzwa kudzokera kumusha.

Debut nemabasa, kana chitsva vanhu

Ndava nemakore gumi, Ivan akaita debut ake ave nyanduri. nhetembo dzake aonekwa inonzi St. Petersburg "Kumusha." Muna 1889 Ivan Bunin akatevera Mukoma wake, aiva chaizvo zvazvinoita muna Kharkov. Akatora nzvimbo yokutanga mukuru, ipapo anotora basa somunhu mubatsiri mupepeti mupepanhau romunzvimbo "Orlovsky Gazette".

Ivan anoenderera kunyora, uye vazhinji nyaya dzake dzakabudiswa dzimwe mumapepanhau nemagazini. To iyi ndeyedu ukama hwake refu mushandi ari pepanhau kwaaishanda, Varvaroy Paschenko. Kwapera nguva, ivo pamwe chete vatamira Poltava. Bunin anotanga kutungamirira chinoshingaira kunyorerana Antonom Chehovym, uye nokufamba kwenguva vakava pedyo chaizvo shamwari. Uye muna 1894, Ivan akasangana Leo NdiTolstoy. Akayemura mabasa Leo NdiTolstoy, asi avo mumagariro uye tsika nemaonero aiva zvakasiyana chaizvo.

The kukurumbira hombe uye kugamuchirwa paruzhinji

Paakanga akaberekwa akafa Bunin Chokwadi, vanofanira kuziva, asi zviri Zvinoshamisawo kuziva, asi kana akabudisa bhuku rake rokutanga. Zvino yakabudiswa muna 1891 muna Orel. Aiva mubhuku nhetembo akanyorwa nguva kubva 1887 kusvika 1891. Uyezve, vamwe nyaya, essays uye Rasskazov Ivana Alekseevicha, izvo dzakabudiswa ambotaurwa mune mapepanhau nemagazini akatanga kuonekwa munguva periodic mumabhuku St. Petersburg.

Pakazosvika 1900, vanopfuura zana nhetembo rakabudiswa Ivan Bunin. nhetembo ake vari kuva kwazvo yakakurumbira ane zvakasiyana-siyana vaverengi. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, shanduro basa "Rwiyo Hiawatha" akanga paakavapa ari Pushkin Prize, uyewo ndarama menduru pamusoro Russian Academy of Sciences. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda uye nevamwe vakaongorora husiri nyore kuwana kuti tarenda rake, runako uye zvakajeka pfungwa.

Muna 1899 Bunin anoroorwa Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni. Aiva mwanasikana vaGiriki vakapfuma kubva Odessa. Zvinosuruvarisa muchato akanga pfupi, uye chete mwana akafa ava namakore mashanu. Uye kare muna 1906 Ivan anogara wehurumende pamwe Vera Nikolayevna Muromtseva. Kwete chete zvinenge paakaberekwa uye akafa Bunin, vanofarira zvinoreva, asi mashoko nezvoupenyu hwake pachake uye basa munokosha zvikuru vaya vanodzidza unhu Ivana Bunina.

Kuchinja kubva nhetembo kuti prose

At kwezana remakore Ivan akaita kuchinja kukuru kubva nhetembo kuti prose, kuti zvakatanga kuchinja chimiro magadzirirwo, vakava dzakapfuma lexical. Muna 1900 akabudisa yokufungidzira "Antonov Apples", iro akazokokwa kunyange mune mabhuku mabhuku uye akaonekwa yokutanga rounyanzvi chaiyo Bunin.

Vakararama akataura chigadzirwa rakasiyana. Mumwe akataura mashoko akasiyana nemazvo mutauro, tsananguro anokunyengedzera pezvakaita uye hwakadzama mupfungwa pachisara vamwe vachiona sechinhu zvinobikwa worudzii zvomunguva yakapfuura nokuti kare yeRussian kwamachinda. Zvisinei, Bunin kwakaita prose Wazova dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Anozivikanwa mabasa, kana imwe nhoroondo yemhuri yake

Muna 1910 Ivan akasarudzwa somumwe gumi azere nhengo Russian Academy of Sciences. Uye gore rakatevera rakabudiswa ake rokutanga renguva pamwero yokufungidzira, "The Village", iro rinotsanangura kujeka upenyu munyika, iyo inoratidza sei zvakakwana upenzi, utsinye uye mhirizhonga. Uye muna 1911, akabudisa yokufungidzira yake yechipiri - "Dry Valley".

Pano rinotsanangura chokunyevera mamiriro wokuRussia musha munharaunda. Uyewo pane tsananguro nostalgic pakati kuora Russian kwamachinda, kwakavakirwa nyaya mhuri yake yechokwadi. Uye zvakare, prose Bunin chakakamurwa mabhuku vatsoropodzi vari pfungwa dzavo. The Social Democrats vakaona kuvimbika kwake kwakakwana nemabasa, asi vamwe vazhinji kwazvo vanoshamisika ne vechinyorwa kunaka.

Hondo, kana kutya kuti ramangwana ehurumende

Bunin uye Muromtseva vakapedza dzechando matatu kubva 1912 kusvika 1914 Bamba Gorky pamusoro pachitsuwa Capri. Ikoko vakasangana pamwe Fedorom Shalyapinym uye Leonidom Andreevym. Hondo Yenyika Rokutanga, Ivan vakakamura nguva yake pakati nokuva muMoscow uye mhuri wemunda. Akanga nguva haunted kufunganya kurutivi Russia ramangwana. Kana kuramba kunyora munguva ino Ivan Bunin? Poetry kana prose? Sei kuti chimurenga mubasa rake?

Ivan anoenderera kushanda nesimba. Muchando cha1914 akapedza mutsva Vhoriyamu nhetembo uye prose rinonzi "Cup Roupenyu". Zvino pakutanga kwegore rinouya rakabudiswa uye aizivawo nevakawanda. Mugore iroro zvinonzi inobudiswa "The jendurumani kubva San Francisco". Zvichida anozivikanwa nyaya kuti akanyorwa Bunin. Makore oupenyu kupedzerwa Russia, akapera. Pedyo kumukira kuti zvichaita kumanikidza munyori mukuru kusiya nyika yokumusha kwake.

Revolution uye Ivan

Ivan vaona kutya uye kuparadza anokonzerwa vaKomonisiti munguva Russian Revolution pamusoro 1917 gore. Muna April wegore iroro, ukama zvose pamwe Gorky, uyo haana kuzovazve, uye May 21, 1918, Ivan Bunin uye Muromtseva pamutemo mvumo kufamba kubva kuMoscow. Vakatamira kune Odessa. Where Ivan akararama kwemakore maviri ari tariro kuti White uchagona kudzosera hurongwa. Asi nokukurumidza echimurenga mhirizhonga rakapararira mudunhu.

Muna February 1920, Bunin vakatama muchikepe wokupedzisira French chikepe vachibva Odessa nevamwe Anti nokukurumidza vokuRussia, uye pakupedzisira kugara Grassé, kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinorwadza nokukurira mupfungwa mupfungwa, Ivan anodzoka kunyora kwake. Havagoni kurarama pasina chinyoreso nepepa Ivan Bunin.

Makore hwake, izvo akapedza kumwe, uyewo akacherekedza mabhuku ake akawanda uye ounyanzvi itsva chaiko. Iye rinobudisa pre-echimurenga basa rake, nyaya, nguva dzose zvinoita kuti Russian kuenda kumwe wokudhinda. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vajaire nyika itsva, uye vakatenda kuti neMuse ake akarasika zvachose.

Paakanga akaberekwa akafa Bunin?

Ivan ndiye Russian munyori wokutanga uyo akahwina Mubayiro muna 1933. Akagamuchira makorokoto kubva vakawanda vakadzidza munyika yose, asi kwete shoko kubva Soviet Russia, apo zita rake uye bhuku rakarambidzwa. Panguva kuenda kumwe Bunin akanyora zvakawanda inozivikanwa mabasa, pakati pavo rava dzakakurumbira kwazvo "ngaatukwe Days", apo munyori rinotsanangura nemashoko akadzama simba yeSoviet.

Akaberekwa muna 1870, Ivan aiva nzira huru youpenyu. Akatsungirira First World War, reropa rine Russian Revolution, panguva Great Patriotic Hondo uye akafa musi waNovember 8, 1953, ake mufurati Paris. Kumba, haana kuzombodzoka.