Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve: zvinokwezva, mapikicha

Uyu ndiwo mumwe yakakurumbira mumuzinda namafuro rwekuchamhembe guta redu. Gore negore zviuru zvevashanyi kuuya Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve muguta Pavlovsk chinokwezva kwete chete vomunyika yedu, asi vaenzi kubva kwose. Uye kwete pasina chikonzero; pane kuona.

The State Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia): History

The yokugara wokutanga kwazvo idzi yakabuda pakati XIII remakore. Yaiva nhare "Town musi Slavyanka". Muzana XVIII remakore paiva Finnish musha Seppel uye Lynn. Empress Catherine Guru, vachishanyira pedyo Tsarskoye tiiviste, akauya kunovhima pano. Kwake kwaigara dzimba mbiri emapuranga dzakavakwa nemazita vatorwa - Krak uye Crick. Wokutanga Akapisa muHondo Yenyika II, apo guta maigara vokuGermany, uye yechipiri nokuda dilapidation akanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara muna 1929.

Muna December 1777 Catherine II akapa nyika (362 maeka) ose nemisha uye vanhu mwanakomana - Pavel Petrovich wake Maria Feodorovna pashure pokuberekwa kwomwana wavo wokutanga - remangwana Russian Emperor Alexander I.

Papera gore (muna 1778) pane dzakavakwa maviri panzvimbo mwero ukuru yamambo - Paullust uye Mariental. Zvakawanda gare gare nzvimbo yakanga yakavakwa Paullust Pavlovsk Palace, nzvimbo Mariental akatora Bip Fortress.

Paul muna 1786 akatanga kuvaka Pavlovsk Palace. Project munyori akanga Charles Cameron. In kuwa 1796 , Paul I Akarangana mamiriro musha muguta. Muna 1788, Kesari, aimbovenga kazhinji ari Gatchina, akapa munda Maria Feodorovna - mukadzi wake.

Muna 1801, pashure pokunge mambo wacho rufu, Maria Feodorovna akagara youmambo amire inodziya mwaka. Vose mumuzinda uye mupaka anochengeta makona zhinji chokuita zita rake. Somuenzaniso, bindu kana vakanyarara wakanaka vaaleanpunainen Kusviba. Pamberi pehondo 1812 wehondo guta rava kunozivikanwa Petr Ivanovich Bagration.

Pakafa Maria Feodorovna (1828) Pavlovsk akava enzvimbo Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich, munun'una Nicholas I. Panguva ino, Pavlovsk ari kushingaira kuvakwa uye vakagadzirira pamwe zvemazuva ano: Eleninskaya muzvina yakavakwa, vakarongwa maererano Alexander chikoro umo vana kudzidza uye mukirasi pakati yavashambadziri, uye nherera.

Pakupera ari XIX remakore, guta Pavlovsk rakava muzinda zvenziyo nemagariro: paiva yakakurumbira mumhanzi chiteshi. Mumakore iwayo kwaiva kazhinji zhinji Vanyori vakakurumbira uye musicians. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Pavlovsk akasarudzwa Chikwata.

Pashure ivo 1917 chimurenga , guta rakanga kunzi muna Slutsk. Saka yainzi kusvikira 1944. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II Pavlovsk aitoita nemauto eNazi. Dvorets Pavla munguva shure kwezvinhu vokuGermany vakapisa pasi, uye mupaki panguva basa richivezwa pasi kupfuura 60,000 miti. anokosha ezvakaitika kare uye mapurani Zvivako zvakaparadzwa.

Zita kare guta yakadzoserwa 1944. Pashure pehondo akanga afunga kudzorerwa. Akazosvika kusvikira 1973.

Muna 1989 Pavlovsk waibatanidzwa UNESCO Heritage List. Nhasi, 42 ari kuchengeterwa ari chinhu kudzivirirwa neHurumende uye ndiyo tsika uye nhoroondo sezvivako. Pavlovsk - tourist centre, iyo akashanyira gore negore zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni nevanhu.

Pavlovsk Palace

Museum-Reserve Pavlovsk (Russia), vashanyi vari kutanga kudzidza kubva Trim ichi yendarama chena wamambo. Zvinonzi yakavakirwa pamahombekombe erwizi Slavyanka yakakurumbira mapurani Charles Cameron ari XVIII remakore. Pavlovsk Palace kunoonekwa kubva pose muguta uye mupaka. Storey chakagadzirwa muviri zvikamu achishandisa sandara rising 64 yakaiswa pamusoro pembiru. namaberere muvharanda zvakabatanidzwa musimboti chivako kwokubatsira chivakwa. Ava vanoumba pamberi kwemba ane chidhongi chimiro.

Pavakauya choumambo, Paul I, Pavlovsk akanga pamutemo akazivisa nyika wavarindi dzokugara. Pakupera ari XVIII remakore parutivi mapurani V. Brenna akanga akatakurwa kuti akudziridze yamambo.

Pamusoro pamutemo miviri dzakanga wechipiri mapuriro dzinovakwa. Vakavaka maviri mapapiro semicircular, izvo anenge akavhara mberi kwemba. More rimwe pasi maberere vakasimuka muvharanda. Pasinei kuchinja izvi, nechepakati chivakwa youshe chaiva chikuru chinhu Pfungwa. Iye kwakapfuura nyasha uye kukura.

Zvakakurukurwa mavakirwo

C. Cameron akasarudza chikuru maatomu akafanana yakarongedzwa chena pembiru. Ivo pakushongedza pamadziro huru building, ivo pave zvinoshamisa panze maberere, zvakasimba kutsigira rising. Kutsivira chinonyanya rakaumbwa nhengo vakasarudzwa matete mashizha acanthus frieze, izvo rinokomberedza Chivako chose, uyewo matatu medallion pamwe Bhanabhasi-rusununguko chivezwa ndeyokufananidzira mufananidzo, mapurani uye kupenda pamusoro huru France.

Ichangovakwa pokugara Brenna yakashongedzwa stucco moldings - korona uye monograms wamambo varidzi. Chete panguva kumigumo mapapiro yaakagadzira nezvikumbaridzo wakaumbwa nesimbi pembiru. Vanoita kuzarura suo achimisa pasi. Izvi compositional mhinduro akabvumira kubatanidza zvivako zvitsva nezvitsaru mune rimwe Ensemble.

Yamambo iri XIX remakore

Architects John. Quarenghi uye Voronihin pakutanga ari XIX remakore vapedza magadzirirwo yamambo France. Panguva ino, paiva machena berere ine nhurikidzwa balustrades. Muna 1807, P. Gonzaga akafukidza imwe rusvingo maberere pamwe Pamifananidzo. It zvinoratidza arcades uye zvivako pamatanho akakura. maberere ichi wakapinda nhoroondo Russian mapurani inonzi maberere Gonzaga. The yakakurumbira Carlo Rossi muna 1822 re pamusoro raibhurari yake pamwe mahwindo yokufeva chepakutanga. busts vazivi dzakatangwa therebetween.

Pridvortsovy paka

Kusikwa ichi yakasiyana paka rakatanga muna 1780 mune rimwe guta rinonzi Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve nhasi ari muenzaniso Zvikuru nzvimbo unyanzvi. An rinokosha muchinangwa paumbwe Pavlovsk Ensemble vakaridza mapurani Charles Cameron. Akasika munguva kubvira 1782 kusvika 1807 chirongwa kuti vakanga akavaka setende uye muvharanda Apollo, Grand Cascade, mbiru "Kuguma Kwenyika". In vanodhirowa ake yakashongedzwa mupaka Kentavrovym, humpback uye Black Bridge.

Zvikuru-siyana mune Park kubvuma mano mune rimwe guta akafanana Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve (kana kuti, chikamu paki) zvino yaigara muguta chivakwa, zvokuti muna yepamusoro inosvika of Slavyanka anenge richibatanidza guta. Its pakatarisana chikamu asiwo yakapoteredza raipfuta.

Miti yakadyarwa mupaki, saka kuti Private Garden uye mapapiro mumuzinda anenge asingaoneki. Very yakanaka maonero kubva Berere Ramambo ari mumuzinda vakakomba mapoka miti.

Private mubindu

On vashanyi zvose kushanyira Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve anoita mukuru pfungwa. Chimwe chezvinhu akanaka kumativi Pavlovsk Park zvinowanzodavirwa aionekwa somunhu Private Garden. It riri Pavlovsk Palace, yakabatana makamuri Empress Maria Feodorovna. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zviri kwazvo ainyatsoziva maruva, uye akakwanisa kuunganidza vakawanda chaizvo muunganidzwa navo.

Private munda manyorero duku Dutch uye French mapindu uye bindu mupaki. Kunze kundima haabvumirwi, munda waiva nzvimbo yokuzororera youshe wehondo. Kumaodzanyemba divi mubindu, panzvimbo yakakwirira chinjiri, ndaifarira kushanda Paul I.

zvisingawanzoitiki miriwo Vakawanda wakasimwa mumunda. Ivo anotumbuka dzichimhanya, mumwe pashure pomumwe. Munda ane rwechipiri zita - "Temberi Flora".

Mausoleum naPauro I

Mumwe Kukwezva, izvo Anozvirumbidza Pavlovsk. Museum-Reserve mupaki chinhu chinoshamisa Monument - the mausoleum naPauro I. Hazvisi guva mambo. Paul I, akavigwa St. Petersburg muna Petro Paul Cathedral.

Mutsamba kuna Dowager Empress iye rinoati "chiyeuchidzo" uye chibvumirano pamwe murongedzeri Carlo Visconti, akanga akanyorwa se "temberi". zita aripo - the Mausoleum naPauro I, kana Mausoleum kushushwa-kumupi. Chivako ichi - a mutero kuna mambo nomudzimai wake.

Zvandakatanga Kuziva zviri panze miziyamu

Reviews of Museum-Reserve "Pavlovsk" (Russia) inogona kurondedzerwa sezvinotevera: zvose kushanyira nzvimbo iyi zvinoshamisa kutaura inopenya nemaonero kubva rwendo. Vanovhura kucherechedza kuti, pasinei shoma yamambo, iri zvinoorora runako uye hunova yokushongedzwa. Kana park, rine zvose vashanyi wakasununguka zvikuru: zvikuru zvakasikwa, zvakanaka achidzidziswa alleys, maruva akaisvonaka private mubindu vari Anyarara.