Regional zvakakomba chigadzirwa: Structure, vhoriyamu kukarukureta

The oupfumi rimwe Musoro Russian Federation kunoita kukamura uchishandisa kushanda zvakasiyana-siyana kuti kuongorora zvoupfumi zvakanaka, pachiyero uye mamiriro nemari makwikwi kwete chete mudzimai asiwo pamusika pose. Ezvemutauro izvi zvinokosha chinobudirira Implementation ari yeUnited mutemo, izvo chinotungamirwa panguva zvibviswe Inter-emunharaunda kusaenzanirana mhando, kusimbisa kuvimbika upfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika. remunharaunda kuzvionera inosvitsa actualization ari kwematunhu nomutemo uye kukosha chinhu chakadai zvakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa.

Information rutsigiro vachishandisa GRP

Prosperity fiscal federalism anova uchida kuva remunharaunda utariri zvinogadzirisa pamwe ano nzira mashoko zvokudya uye zvoupfumi feasibility. The optimum hwaro ongorora zvechadenga musika upfumi kunzwisisa mhando ndiyo negadziriro nhoroondo yenyika, kana SNA. Panguva remunharaunda vanochiva SNA anoshumira CDS youduku (remunharaunda chizvidavirire hurongwa). The nechepakati chinzvimbo SNA ndowenyika zvakakomba epamba chigadzirwa, kana GDP. Regional analogue kuti GDP muna SNA - iri romunharaunda zvakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa, kana RVP. paakati Izvi zvinoratidza pachiyero zvoupfumi chinoratidza migumisiro upfumi basa nechimwe yebhizimisi masangano mukati nharaunda. GRP rinoshandiswa sehwaro paumbwe emunharaunda nyaya.

Sei GRP inofanira dzaona?

Iri munharaunda yeRussia vanenge 89 administrative-miganhu dzakabatana, riri dzakasiyana nguva dzinodengenyeka, zvakasiyana nzvimbo uye pamwero kwenzanga kukura. GDP anoratidza chete mukuru mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, pasina kupa pachena kuona sei zvinhu kushanda kwaro siyana, izvo hakubvisi ndingangokuvara kuita vavariro sarudzo. Hurumende anofarira data, zvinokwanisa kuita kuti comprehensively kurondedzera mamiriro ezvinhu neimwe pakona nyika.

Kusiyaniswa ruzivo, panobva iyo ndiyo romunharaunda zvakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa, kunoita kuti kuva rakakodzera zvoupfumi mutemo uye kuongorora kubudirira sarudzo kwete nyika yakati sandara uye panguva remunharaunda chechetere. With GRP emuchina, akabatana mari uye mumuviri zviratidzo, zvinokwanisika kuti kuisa mirayiridzo uye kusimba zvoupfumi pezvakaitwa kuti chingava panguva interregional pamwero kuva simba riwedzere kuti kukura. GRP inoita basa rinokosha dzemaitirwe pamusoro macroeconomic zviratidzo uye kuchinja zvinhu Inter-emunharaunda pabonde. The chakarurama anoshanda senhungamiro mu nedanho kuparadzirwa mari kubva "Fund kuti Rutsigiro Financial yeRussian Federation constituent masangano yacho."

Saka chii GRP?

Regional zvakakomba epamba chigadzirwa iri, Chokwadi, munhu generalized zvoupfumi chakarurama, kunoratidzwa pachiyero upfumi pakukura mudunhu. Zvinoratidza uye unoratidza chirongwa kugadzirwa zvinhu uye mabasa. GRP anoti chii kukosha zvinhu zvose uye mabasa achibudiswa zvose zvoupfumi sectors neimwe nharaunda. Mukutanga zvokukura Implementation zviratidzi mune zvoupfumi kuongorora humboo rakabudiswa panguva pamusika mitengo. Kunyatsoongorora GRP mu mutengo chikuru Manyorerwo zviri vakasiyana kufungidzira pamisika nokuda chaizvoizvo uwandu mambure mitero pamusoro zvigadzirwa. Map hadzina kufungwa nezvazvo. GRP hune okudhindira zvinoratidza Verengai ukoshi akawedzera panguva dzinokosha mitengo, pamwe chinhu chikuru pane imwe mhando kwezvoupfumi basa.

GRP mamiriro, kana chii chinosanganisira

Gross chigadzirwa zvenharaunda rinowanikwa maererano inokosha mutengo, izvo mashizha chete chairema chigadzirwa kana basa. Mitero hadzina kufungwa, asi vari kufungwa nezvazvo dzinopiwa pamusoro zvigadzirwa. Gross ukoshi akawedzera rinowanikwa mune mumwe chidimbu zvoupfumi basa sezvo musiyano goho kwenhumbi uye mabasa uye zvenguva rinodyiwa. Panguva iyo nhau nguva, zvachose nyaya mutengo kwenhumbi uye mabasa mukati chete nharaunda uye ndiye Vhoriyamu goho. Kusunungurwa kunosanganisira kare kutengeswa nhumbi mabasa panguva kumusika ukoshi. Kushandiswa pakuverenga avhareji ukoshi. Basa mberi ndiko zvakakomba goho, asi chete panguva mutengo. Zvenguva kunwa kunosanganisira ukoshi nhumbi mabasa, izvo dzinoshandiswa zvizere mukurima panguva nhau nguva. Fixed yesangano nokuti kukarukureta pamusoro zvenguva manwiro hakurevi kukonzera. Havashandisi mari yakawanda iri kushandiswa kwokupedzisira GRP zvinosanganisira mari kuti mhuri, ruzhinji masangano uye seboka mabasa. Kupima chakakomba kwematunhu chigadzirwa chayo mamiriro zvinokwanisika kuziva manyuko mari chokupedzisira rinodyiwa.

kukarukureta mikana

In upfumi yanhasi zvakajairika kushandisa nzira dzakawanda kuti GRP kukarukureta. Kugadzira nzira pakuverenga indekisi rinoshandiswa panguva mukugadzira rwakazara. Ari Kutaura zvazviri, Verengai zvakakomba ukoshi akawedzera, izvo inoumbwa mumwe zvechechi chikwata mugari munzvimbo zvoupfumi munharaunda yacho. The zvakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa, dzemaitirwe iyo inobva musiyano goho kwenhumbi uye mabasa uye zvenguva manwiro achiumbwa pachishandiswa mitengo zvinhu uye mabasa, basa zvizere pakuburitswa, yakaitirwa pachiyero maindasitiri uye sectors zviri remunharaunda upfumi. GRP inogona dzaona maererano ano musika mitengo nokuenzanisa navo.

Musiyano pakati GDP uye GRP

Zvakakomba Regional Product, iro rinowanikwa nomumwe kumatunhu zvakasiyana kubva GDP. Musiyano - ndiye uwandu yakawedzerwa ukoshi. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Collective asiri musika mabasa ehurumende masangano: kudzivirira zvakanaka.
• Non-musika mabasa, izvo nemari kubva bhajeti, asi ruzivo pamusoro pavo hakuna kuwanikwa panguva remunharaunda chechetere.
• Services of nemasangano zvemari ane mabasa anenge nguva chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa imwe nharaunda.
• Services chokuita yokumwe kutengeserana, mashoko pamusoro izvo aunganidzwa panguva batana chechetere.

Gross chigadzirwa: Features indekisi

Musiyano GDP uye GRP zvinoumba mari yokubhadhara mitero nokuda imupota uye ekisipoti. ukoshi Izvi zvakaoma zvikuru kuverenga nokuti ayo specificity uye gogonera kusangana pakati kumatunhu akasiyana. Gross chigadzirwa zvenharaunda nokuda nharaunda rinowanikwa kwemwedzi 28. Sac chidobi unokubvumira uwane mhinduro nokukurumidza. Hurumende anoshandisa siyana zvigadziriswe kuongorora simba uye kukura unodiwa. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti Verengai vose GRP asingadi dzinoenderana GDP, zvakatemwa nokuda chaizvo dzomumisha uye dzakakudzingai imwe mari.

Pahwaro chii date rinowanikwa GRP?

Polyhedral mamiriro zvakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa inorondedzera kushandiswa vakawanda zvinyorwa panguva kuverenga parameter tsika. Somuenzaniso, muna Kishi nyika, nyanzvi kufungawo bhizimisi evoruzhinji uye zvinyorwa kugadzirwa kumusika yemabasa katarogu, rinotaura pamusoro mukugadzira mari. Vari kufungwa mharidzo kuongorora uye kuna hoc nhau panguva remunharaunda chechetere. The kukarukureta yakaitwa pamusoro basa mishumo, uye maererano kuongorora kuti mumwe nomumwe chidimbu hwenyika, inobva Household Budget Survey. Chinokosha mashoko ndiwo mashoko ari mutero zviremera uye rwezvemabhengi uwandu, mishumo, masangano paruzhinji uye mashoko pamusoro Implementation pakubhadhara akasiyana bhajeti.

GRP uchidzidzira Russia

Gross Regional Product kubudikidza Region Russia zvakazara unoratidza padanho kukura munzvimbo uye chokuita makro-chechetere zviratidzo. Dzaanoridza basa miganhu chinokonzera kukura zveupfumi kwendangariro. The hwaro pakuverenga kukosha akashandisa methodological Misimboti SNA, kukura rakanga kuitwa yechinangwa FSGS. Bhuku zvabuda mushure risati mvumo chiri kuitwa pachiyero FSGS.

Kufembera chakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa rinoitwa pachishandiswa mashoko unganidzwa kubva vagari vose remunharaunda upfumi. Rinogona kuva makambani, quasi-makambani uye mhuri vane upfumi mubereko centre iri zvakananga mudunhu. Kokutanga kukarukureta uye kuongorora chakakomba remunharaunda chigadzirwa yakaitwa muna 1991 pamusoro 21 kumatunhu. Kubvira 1993, dzemaitirwe wakapindwa zvose kwematunhu uye miganhu masimba. Kubvira muna 1995, kuongororwa uye kukarukureta pakati GRP ari chinodiwa kuti Implementation of "Federal Program". Chete kubva 1997 vakatanga kuyera simba pamusoro chinoratidza. Rinopa hwaro nokuda Implementation nokurira zvoupfumi mitemo iri nzvimbo inoshandiswa uye maindasitiri, nekurangarira kwerinenge kumatunhu ose pamusana 60 kusvika 80 muzana zvachose GRP.