Representativeness - chii izvi? nhau kukanganisa

Pfungwa kumiririrwa kwakakurumbira mune Statistical otchetnostyakh uye kugadzirira kutaura uye mishumo. Zvichida pasina zvakaoma kufungidzira chero kupa ruzivo vanoonekwa mhando.

Representativeness - chii?

Representativeness kunoratidza sei zvinhu vakasarudzwa kana zvikamu dzinoenderana kugutsikana uye zvinoreva mashoko vemo iyo vakasarudzwa.

dzimwe tsanangudzo

Pfungwa kumiririrwa inogona kuwedzerwa muzvirevo siyana. Asi zvarinoreva kumiririrwa - iri kutevedzera zvinhu uye zvivako zviri kusarudzwa vamapoka mukuru vemo kuti zvakarurama kuratidza mukuru zvechadenga yose Database yose.

Uyewo mumiririri ruzivo kunotsanangurwa sokukwanisa kuzviisa nzwisa Data wakaiswa pamusoro parameters uye zvivako zvinokosha nemaonero mberi tsvakurudzo.

mumiririri yokuenzanisira

Nheyo zvakabudiswa inokosha pakusarudza kupfuura yakarurama uye kuratidza zvivako ane mashoko yakatarwa. It anoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo kubvumira kuti pave nemigumisiro yakarurama muchidimbu vakawanda vakawanda, achishandisa vakasarudzwa chete zvinhu kuti kurondedzera unhu humboo.

Saka, hapana chikonzero kudzidza mashoko ose, uye zvakatikwanira kuti funga mufananidzo anyatsosarudza. Chii? Izvi ndozvakanga nomumwe Data kuti ane pfungwa pamusoro zvachose guru mashoko.

Vari zvichienderana nzira anokudzwa sezvo mukana uye vasiri mukana. Fungidziro - nzwisa yakaitwa kubudikidza pakuverenga anokosha uye dzinonakidza data, izvo zvimwe vamiririri vakawanda vanogara. Ichi chisarudzo uchiziva kana anongoitika mharidzo Zvisinei, takarurama mariri.

Nonprobabilistic - ndiko chimiro mumwe kurongwa nzwisa panguva zvatinosiita musimboti rotari. Panyaya iyi, maonero munhu anogadzira kusarudzwa yakadaro. Inoshandisa bofu chete kuzochera.

fungidziro zvakabudiswa

Fungidziro zvakabudiswa zvinogonawo rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

• Chimwe chezvinhu nyore uye zvakajeka nenheyo - a nyore waungapa. Somuenzaniso, nzira iyi rinowanzoshandiswa pakuitisa pasocial kuongorora. Muchiitiko chino, vakabvunzurudzwa havasarudzwi vazhinji chero chaiyo features, uye mashoko anobudiswa vanhu vokutanga 50 vaivepo mairi.
• Nemaune zvakabudiswa zvisingapindirani kuti vane nhamba zvinodiwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu kuti selection, asi vachiri vanovimba sezvineiwo, kwete kutevera chinangwa vanobudirira Nhamba zvakanaka.
• Mharidzo pachishandiswa quotas - ichi ndechimwe kusiyana pamusoro-probabilistic mharidzo, iro rinoshandiswa kuti kuongorora guru mashoko seti. Nokuti naye, dzakasiyana-siyana ezvinhu uye dzemunharaunda. Vakasarudzwa zvinhu anoenderana navo. Ndizvo zvakaitwa evanhu kuongorora kunoratidza kuti achapiwa vakabvunzurudzwa vanhu 100, asi chete pfungwa dzinoverengeka vanhu uchasangana ari kutaurwa zvinodiwa vachatorwa nhoroondo iri kugadzirira Statistical mishumo.

fungidziro zvakabudiswa

Nokuti fungidziro zvakabudiswa inofungidzirwa nhamba zvaungasarudza iyo zvinhu zviri mharidzo uchasangana, pakati pavo wandei kuti kusarudzwa kunyatsotaura chokwadi uye mashoko kuti zvichakurukurwa sezvo representativeness dzokuenzanisira Data. Nzira idzi compute humboo zvakafanira zvinogona:

• Simple chibhubhubhu zvakabudiswa. It iri chokwadi kuti pakati yasarudzwa chidimbu zvachose randomly vakasarudzwa rotari zvaida chitsama date richava mumiririri mharidzo.

• Enderana uye kurongwa zvakabudiswa runoita kusika kwegadziriro pakuverenga anodiwa mashoko nokuda munhu chero chidimbu. Saka, kana wokutanga nhamba asingashumbi, iyo inoratidza ordinal nhamba nemashoko vakasarudzwa kubva rwevanhu vakawanda, ndiyo 5, zvino nekutambira Data kuti akasarudzwa kungava Somuenzaniso, 15, 25, 35 uye zvichingodaro. Muenzaniso uyu inotsanangura zvakajeka kuti kunyange vakasarudzwa zvisina kurongwa kunogona kwakavakirwa enderana Masvomhu kuti zvakafanira mbishi mashoko.

mharidzo vatengi

Hune yokuenzanisira - nzira randinogara mune kufunga mumwe nomumwe chidimbu, uye kunobva ake kupima akaanyora yakatarwa kutevedzera zvainyanya uye zvivako zviri vakagoverana Database. Saka dialed zvikuru uwandu Data unoenderana imwe mharidzo zvinodiwa mumiririri. Zvinokwanisika yokusarudzira nhamba zvokusarudza kuti rirege dziri nhamba nyore, pasina kurasikirwa unhu kusarudzwa umboo rinomiririra zvachose kwevanhu. Saizvozvo ari representativeness pakati migumisiro pakudzidza.

Mharidzo Kukura

mubvunzo Not wokupedzisira kuti inofanira kugadziriswa - ndiwo saizi yokuenzanisira nokuda representativeness vemo. mharidzo saizi hapasi pakuti nhamba zvinyorwa zviri vemo. Zvisinei, kuti representativeness kuti mharidzo zvinoenderana nokuda sei zvikamu zvizhinji pakupedzisira inofanira kugoverwa mugumisiro. The zvakawanda zvikamu, vakawedzera mashoko opinda zvibereko mharidzo. Kana zvabuda vanoda Generic izwi uye haatarisiri chaizvo, zvino, ukuwo, mharidzo inova duku, nokuti, pasina vachipinda mashoko, mashoko ari kukurukurwa zvikuru zvachero, izvo zvinoreva kuti nokududzirwa iri vakagoverana.

Pfungwa representativeness zvikanganiso

kumucheto zvikanganiso - chaiyo kusiyana zvechadenga vemo uye mharidzo Data. Panguva ipi zvakabudiswa iri zvachose kusingabviri kuwana mashoko akarurama, sezvo ari zvizere kudzidza vemo uye mharidzo anomiririrwa chete chikamu mashoko uye nzira, apo kudzidza zvakawanda hwakadzama zvinobvira chete ari kudzidza yose yakatarwa. Saka, kunotozongoita mamwe zvikanganiso uye zvikanganiso.

Mhando yokukanganisa

Kusiyanisa zvimwe zvikanganiso kuti kuitika mukugadzirwa munhu mumiririri sample:

• Enderana.
• Random.
• Kwemaune.
• Masanga.
• Standard.
• Muganhu.

The hwaro chitarisiko anongoitika zvikanganiso anogona discontinuous hunhu pakudzidza yose kwevanhu. Kazhinji, kurongwa kukanganisa representativeness ane diki kukura uye tsika.

Enderana zvikanganiso kuitika pakati Data vari kutyora Kusarudzwa mitemo vakawanda vanogara.

The paavhareji Kukanganisa - kusiyana avhareji mharidzo tsika uye anokosha yakatarwa. It hakunei nouwandu vezvikwata zviri mharidzo. Zviri inversely Proportional kuti vhoriyamu dzokuenzanisira. Ipapo mukuru bhuku rezasi kuti kukosha avhareji kwokukanganisa.

Error muganhu - ndiro rakakura zvichibvira musiyano pakati avhareji ukoshi achaita mharidzo uye vagari vose vomunyika. Kukanganisa uku kunoratidzwa sendarama fungidzira kukanganisa pasi apa ezvinhu ose chiitiko chavo.

Mazvokuda uye masanga nokukanganisa representativeness

Data zvaizopedza zvikanganiso vachida uye masanga.

Ipapo zvikonzero chidzoke kwokukanganisa achida chinhu kutaura kusarudzwa humboo kubudikidza nzira kuziva nemiitiro. Masanga zvikanganiso kuitika padariro kugadzirira mharidzo pakuongorora, paumbwe mumiriri mharidzo. Kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakadaro, unofanira kuumba hwaro yakanaka zvakabudiswa, rinoronga chinoumba kusarudzwa dzakabatana. Zvinofanira kuva zvizere zvinoenderana zvinangwa zvakabudiswa kuva yakarurama, kufukidza zvose zvinobatanidzwa pakudzidza.

Ukoshi, kuvimbika, representativeness. kukarukureta zvikanganiso

Kukarukureta kuti mharidzo kukanganisa (MM) kuti svomhu kunoreva ukoshi (M).

Standard kutsauka: mharidzo saizi (> 30).

Kumucheto zvikanganiso (Mp) uye hama ukoshi (P) saizi yokuenzanisira (n> 30).

Kana kana zvakakodzera kudzidza uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa., sezvamakaropafadzwa uwandu mharidzo iri diki uye idukusa 30 zviyero, ipapo nhamba nyaya zvichava zvishoma pane chimwe chikwata.

Error ukoshi Proportional kuti mharidzo kukura zvakananga. Mumiririri mashoko uye kuverenga pamusoro mwero mukana pavanoteka chimwe for yakarurama hunoratidza mumwe ukoshi muganhu zvikanganiso.

mumiririri hurongwa

Kwete kuyera kwacho yokukurukura mashoko achishandisa mumiririri mharidzo, asiwo munhu kugamuchira mashoko anoshandisa representational gadziriro. Saka, uropi kurongedza vamwe mari mashoko kuumba mumiririri muenzaniso yose chokubuda mashoko kuti zvakanaka uye nokukurumidza kuongorora nokukura umboo uye kunzwisisa musoro wenyaya. Kuti tipindure mubvunzo: "representativeness - kuti ichi" - zvikuru kungova kutambudzwa pfungwa dzevanhu. Kuti aite izvi, uropi anoshandisa omurume zvose pfungwa, zvichienderana worudzii mashoko anofanira kuparadzaniswa zvavo rukova. Saka, musiyano yakaitwa pakati:

• Visual representational maitiro apo nhengo dziri kushandiswa kuona maonero ziso. Kazhinji vanhu vanoshandisa yakafanana gadziriro, akadana mifananidzo. With ino, munhu kurongedza mashoko ari muchimiro mifananidzo.
• Auditory representational hurongwa. Huru muviri, rinoshandiswa - uyu makuhwa. Mashoko akapa muchimiro inzwi mafaira kana kutaura, izvozvo chinogadzirwa ne hurongwa. Vanhu vanonyanya kuteerera mashoko kunzwa, inonzi audialami.
• Kinesthetic mumiririri Hurongwa iri kubudiswa aibuda mashoko achiona nayo pamwe olfactory uye tactile makwara.

• Digital mumiririri hurongwa rinoshandiswa pamwe nevamwe senzira yokuwana mashoko kubva kunze. Izvi kuzviitira maonero uye musoro kududzirwa mashoko.

Saka representativeness - chii? Simple kusarudzwa yakatarwa kana chinokosha nzira kugadzirisa mashoko? Tinogona kutaura kuti representativeness zvikuru kunotema manzwisisire atinoita mashoko dzemvura, kubatsira kwavo kubva mairi unogombedzera uye hunogutsa.