Rinodonongodza Zita "zvakaedza zvekare Years". "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" uye asati kwaari hwakavigwa mumakamuri

"Zvakaedza zvekare Years" - chimwe chezvinhu yekare Zvivako mabhuku Russian, pakusikwa iyo yakatanga kusvika 1113 gore.

Life Nestor sahwira, musiki "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years"

Nestor sahwira akaberekwa muKiev muna 1056. Pana namanomwe, akaenda novices iri Kiev-Pechersk wemamonk. Ikoko akava wenhoroondo.

Muna 1114 Nestor akafa, iye akavigwa Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. On November 9 uye 11 October nayo anoyeuka Chechi yeOrthodox.

Nestor sahwira inozivikanwa se wokutanga munyori akanga kutiudza nezvenhoroondo chiKristu. basa rake rizivikanwe yokutanga yakanga "The Life of Saints Boris uye Gleb," uye nguva pfupi pashure pacho akateverwa "Upenyu St. Feodosiya Pecherskogo." Asi chikuru basa Nestor, izvo vakauya kwaari nyika yose mbiri - Ichokwadi, "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Makore", mumwe anodzidza shongwe weRussia yekare.

The vakanyora nyaya iyi haisi chete Nestor sahwira. Asi, Nestor nounyanzvi inounganidzwa mashoko kubva mumabhuku akasiyana nokusika imwe rondedzero. Kushanda sezvinodiwa Nestor Chronicle uye ngano yekare, sezvo akashandisa nyaya yavashambadziri, vafambi uye masoja. Nokufamba kwenguva vakanga vachiri vapenyu, zvapupu hondo dzakawanda uye vachirwisa Polovtsy, saka aigona kuteerera nyaya dzavo.

Ndandanda "zvakaedza zvekare Years"

Zvinozivikanwa kuti "zvakaedza zvekare Years" akachinjwa. Muna 1113, Vladimir Monomakh akapa kukambani Vudubickiy, muna 1116 zvitsauko ayo okupedzisira vave reworked abbot Sylvester. The abbot Sylvester vakandorwa kuda abbot of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, achipa kukambani Vudubickiy.

Chinokosha chikamu "zvakaedza zvekare Years" ipapo akapinda yenhau akadai Laurentian, Hypation, First Novgorod.

Kazhinji, chero Russian rondedzero yekare ine ndima dzinoverengeka, vamwe iyo inotaura kwokutanga nguva zvinyorwa. "Zvakaedza zvekare Makore", pakarongwa chakarairwa remakore rechi14, yakava rutivi Laurentian Chronicle, vakasikwa mumongi Lawrence. Asi, mumongi Lawrence akashandisa kusikwa mumongi Nestor sezvo kwainyanya kuti rondedzero yake. Name mazita "zvakaedza zvekare Years" Kazhinji vakasikwa zita mumongi, uyo akanga wanyora, kana pane imwe nzvimbo umo mazita vanorapwa. Pakati pezana remakore rechi15 zvimwe yekare mazita "zvakaedza zvekare Years" akasikwa pasi zita Hypation Chronicle.

The zviri "zvakaedza zvekare Years"

It anotanga "zvakaedza zvekare Years" zvebhaibheri mifananidzo. Noah shure kwemafashame kugarazve vanakomana vake - vaHamu, Shemi, naJafeti - pose. Name mazita "zvakaedza zvekare Years" rinorevawo kuti emubhaibheri pakutanga zvinyorwa izvi. Zvaidavirwa kuti vanhu vokuRussia vari zvizvarwa naJafeti.

Ipapo sahwira rinotaura pamusoro poupenyu East necheSalvic madzinza uye kugadzwa mamiriro kuRussia. Sahwira inoratidza ngano, maererano izvo zano, Cheek, paHorebhi uye hanzvadzi yavo Lybid akauya kutonga Eastern necheSalvic nyika. Ikoko akavaka guta Kyiv. madzinza necheSalvic vaigara kuchamhembe Russia, rinonzi Varangian hama, zvokuti vakabata pavo. Ainzi Rurik hama sineus uye truvor. Name mazita "zvakaedza zvekare Years", zvakare, iri pasi chinangwa kurumbidza simba raitonga kuRussia, uye kuti chinangwa ichi kunoratidzwa pamusoro wake dzimwe mavambo. Kubva VaViking, uyo akauya Russia, vakatanga mhuri youmambo kuRussia.

Zvikurukuru Chronicle anotsanangura hondo uyewo hurukuro sei kuvaka machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi. Events enhoroondo nhoroondo Russian anoona mumaratidzirwo nhoroondo yenyika uye zvakananga rinobatanidza izvi zviitiko neBhaibheri. Prince mutengesi Sviatopolk akauraya Boris uye Gleba hama uye wenhoroondo chinoenzana kupondwa Abel, izvo zvinoita Kaini. Prince Vladimir, uyo akabhapatidza Russia, zvichienzaniswa weRoma Constantine, uyo akaita chiKristu sezvo chitendero pamutemo muRussia. Asati rubhabhatidzo, Prince Vladimir aiva munhu anotadza asi rubhabhatidzo zvikuru kwakachinja upenyu hwake, akava mutsvene.

Tsika mu "zvakaedza zvekare Years"

The Kuronga "zvakaedza zvekare Years" haringorevi chete enhoroondo facts, asiwo tsika. Tsika zvakabatsira sahwira zvinokosha zvikuru mashoko, sezvo akanga asisina mukana wokudzidza nezvake zvakaitika emakore kana emakore mashoma pamberi pake.

The ngano pamusoro kuvambwa guta Kiev riri nezvemavambo guta uye kuti pashure waakange ainzi. Zvakaedza Vakachenjera Oleg muNzvimbo renhoroondo dzamadzimambo acho rinotaura nezvoupenyu uye rufu Prince Oleg. The ngano pamusoro Princess Olga, ndichizivisa sei zvakasimba uye nechisimba kuti atsive rufu pamusoro Prince Igor, akanga akasanganisirwa mumatadzo Chronicle. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" anoudza ngano pamusoro Prince Vladimir. To akabva kwaari nhume dzakasiyana marudzi uye kupa mumwe kutenda kwavo. Asi rutendo nechimwe akanga zvainovhiringidzawo ayo. VaJudha havana kuva nyika yavo, arambidzwa vechiMuslim mafaro uye kunwa doro rinodhaka, vaKristu German vaida akandosungawo Russia.

Uye Prince Vladimir pakupedzisira akamira pamukova Greek Bazi chiKristu.

Basa zviratidzo "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years"

Kana ukanyatsoongorora kuverenga mashoko Chronicle, zvinova pachena kuti sahwira anoteerera zvikuru kuti siyana zvakasikwa, unobatanidza kwavari nesimba raMwari. Kudengenyeka kwenyika, mafashamo uye kwemvura, anofunga chirango chaMwari, uye rezuva uye womudenga kuora kwemwedzi, yake pfungwa, inyevero kubva masimba okudenga. Kuora kwezuva vakaita basa rinokosha muupenyu wamachinda. Vaongorori dzinoti kuti Musi Chirevo uye rokuti "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years" zvakare, vanotungamirirwa ari mananara zvakasikwa uye muronga nguva.

Kuora kwezuva anoona Prince Igor Svyatoslavich muna 1185 vasati kutanga kufamba wake Polovtsy. Masoja ake vakanyevera iye, achiti kuti vakadaro nokuora kwezuva hakuna kunaka. Asi muchinda akanga kuteerera kwavari vakaenda muvengi. Somugumisiro wehondo yake vakakundwa. Uyewo, kuora kwezuva kazhinji presaged rufu Prince. Munguva kubvira 1076 Mumakore 1176, kwaiva 12 Kuora kwezuva, uye pashure nomumwe wavo pane rufu mumwe wamachinda. Record wakaiswa pamusoro kuti kuguma kwenyika, kana kuti Zuva Rokutongwa achauya 1492, uye akanga achigadzirira vaverengi vake kuti ichi. Kwemvura uye kuora kwemwedzi akafanotaura hondo uye kwava kuda kuguma kwenyika.

Manyorero zviri "zvakaedza zvekare Years"

Name mazita "zvakaedza zvekare Years" rinorondedzerwa Genre zvinoitwa zvinyorwa izvi. Chokutanga, yaMakoronike anowanzoramba mabasa mabhuku ekare. Kureva, ane zvinhu Genres siyana. Izvi hazvisi ingano uye kwete enhoroondo zvinyorwa, asi ivo nokubatanidza zvinhu zvose. "Zvakaedza zvekare Makore", pakarongwa iyo zvinowanikwa Novgorod, zvakare, ane zvinhu izvi.

Chronicle pacharo, pachena, iri gwaro repamutemo. Scientist ARMENIA Danilevsky anotenda kuti yaMakoronike hazvina arongera vanhu uye kuti Mwari akanga kuverenga navo Kwekupedzisira. Saka, muna yaMakoronike nezvechiratidzo mabasa machinda avo pasi.

The basa hakusi kududzirwa sahwira zviitiko, kwete kutsvaka kwavo zvinokonzera, asi kungoti rondedzero. Pari nepfungwa mumaratidzirwo kare. "Zvakaedza zvekare Years", iro mazita vari kunozivikanwa, ndiye "akazaruka Genre" umo vakavhengana zviri Genres siyana. Sezvaunoziva, mumabhuku ekare akanga asati kupesana yakajeka Genres mabasa akanyorwa chete aripo aMakoronike, saka ivo nokubatanidza zvaidiwa yokufungidzira, nhetembo, nyaya uye magwaro mumatare.

Ko zita "zvakaedza zvekare Years"

Name nenzvimbo akapa wokutanga mutsetse Chronicle "zvakaedza zvekare Makore Ce ...". "Zvakaedza zvekare Years" rinoreva "nyaya makore apfuura", sezvo shoko "yezhizha" mumutauro wekare rinoreva "gore." Vanhu vakawanda vanoedza kuwana chii anonzi "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Ari Mupfungwa yakazara inyaya nezvokuvapo ino, iyo pakupedzisira hwakamirira kutongwa naMwari. "Zvakaedza zvekare Makore", pakarongwa iyo rinowanikwa wemamongi, kuonekwa tanga basa.

yapfuura hwakavigwa mumakamuri

"Zvakaedza zvekare Years" akanga pasi zvizere zvakawedzerwa kuongorora. Uye akawana kuti inobva yapfuura zvinyorwa rondedzero.

"Zvakaedza zvekare Years" uye vasati yake hwakavigwa mumakamuri vari revatema, kureva "The Story" kwazvo zvakafanana chii zvichinzi pamberi. Mazuva ano maonero Academician AA Shakhmatova uyo akaongorora zvose zvinyorwa zvekare kushandisa okufananidza nzira. Akawana kuti wokutanga chaizvo Chronicle aiva yekare Kiev Chronicle, yakatangwa 1037. It nayo chokwadi, kana nhoroondo revanhu, uye kana iye akabhabhatidzwa Rus.

Muna 1073 Crypt Chronicle akasikwa. Muna 1095, rimwe reShanduro Kyiv-Pechersk rechipiri yokufeva, asi anonzi Primary Chronicle.

dating Chirevo

Calendar musi mu "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years" yakaonekwa sevari zvikuru kukosha. Kana pasina tsika hazvisi ano yevanhu karenda misi sahwira kuti zuva rimwe kana zuva revhiki umo zvakaitika,, vakazara rinokosha munhoroondo kukosha. Uye sahwira kazhinji vakaedza kutaura mazuva kana misi kuti aiva nechinangwa chikuru uye akatakura ukoshi zvikuru. Chaiwo kana dzvene, nokuti mazuva panguva kuonekwa Mugovera uye Svondo, mazuva kunotaurwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years" ukuwo 9 uye 17 nguva, uye mevhiki vanodudzwa nezvahwo. Wednesday akataura nguva 2 chete, katatu Thursday, Chishanu kashanu. Monday uye Chipiri vanotaurwa chete kamwe. Inogona angapokana kuti Chirevo zuva uye zita "zvakaedza zvekare Years" hunonyatsobatana kuti vezvitendero akapoteredza.

"Zvakaedza zvekare Years" akanga chokuita zvikuru nyika dzechitendero, saka vose mamiriro ayo kunge yakavakirwa ichi. Sahwira anoona zviitiko zvose chete akapoteredza kuuya Day rokutongwa, saka iye anotarira kubva pfungwa nemaonero masimba naMwari. Vanonyevera vanhu nezvehondo iri kuuya, kwemvura uye kusakura. Ivo arange villains vakanga vaita umhondi nokupamba, uye mhosva vachikwidziridza kuna Mwari choushe. Zvisaririra vatsvene kutora kujairika yepamusoro. Izvi runoratidzwa nyaya upenyu vatsvene Boris uye Gleb. Uyewo temberi nzvimbo tsvene, zvisingagone pinda vakaipa uye marudzi.