Sarcophagus pana paChernobyl: kuvaka

Channel dambudziko pana paChernobyl kwakatungamirira hombe kusunungurwa radioactive zvinhu. Kutyisidzirwa akasimuka kuti vanhu. sarcophagus pana paChernobyl, kufukidza chikwata chechina - kudzivirira kunoita ramangwana choutsi iri pfupi (mwedzi mitanhatu), chivakwa chikuru yakavakwa.

To musi, makore anenge 30 apfuura kubvira kusunungurwa nemwaranzi pa paChernobyl. Protective zviri yekare sarcophagus kwezvinoshandiswa. Kupa uye wakadzikama tifambirane ari kufambira mberi kuti pavakwe sarcophagus chitsva panguva paChernobyl. How kuvaka akare pokugara, chii njodzi wakaparadzwa reactor uye kuti kutaura nezvazvo vakuru vanhu Ukraine, kuti ichi ndicho chinhu chinodzivirira marongerwo - dingindira ino.

A sarcophagus huru - chirongwa "pokugara"

Kuvaka zvivako zvakadaro, izvo aizodzivirira nyika kubva ngozi nemwaranzi akaparadza 4th reactor akanga kuitwa rekodhi nguva yokuti nguva - mwedzi mitanhatu (kuva chaiwo, mazuva ipapo 206).

Formal kuitwa kuvakwa, akazonzi "sarcophagus", State Commission akapiwa November 30, 1986. The chinhu ari muvhidhiyo nemabasa rwakaiswa "pokuvanda".

Yokuvanda 4th simba chikwata akagadzirirwa kwemakore 25 kushanda. Pari, kutanga 2015, akanga atova makore 28 nemwedzi mitanhatu, izvo zvishoma yakareba kupfuura akaisa. The kuvakwa nguva akakundwa chiito February 2013 ndiro pamusoro injini kamuri yakadhirika. Square mumakomba unodzivirira "goko" shomanana zana paupamhi mamita. Kuvakwa yokuvanda itsva achafukidza reactor navatana sarcophagus pana paChernobyl pamwe - basa rinokosha.

Chii sarcophagus yakavakwa muna 1986?

The nemwaranzi kumashure panguva paitikira tsaona yakaitika paChernobyl akanga uye anoramba yakakwirira zvikuru. Kuti kudzora mberi kupararira nemwaranzi aida simba magadzirirwo zvinhu.

Zvinodiwa kwakadaro zvinoenderana pakuvaka, yakarongwa kubva zvivako simbi uye kongiri zvinogumbura. 400,000 cubic metres nekongiri uye matani 7,000 nesimbi zvivako: In yaro kuvakwa pakaitwa zvinhu yaishandiswa. Izvi hazvirevi zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinhu.

Zvinofadza chokushamisika kuti zvinoita seboka sarcophagus pa paChernobyl nhasi. Nemambure angawana yakawanda mapikicha. On navo tinoona maumbirwo nokusingagumi chimiro, geometrically zvinonyatsoenderana asi ari rectangle. Masvingo anoumbwa akaturikidzana dzakawanda yanyatsosimba kongiri hurongwa.

Construction vachikanganisa upenyu uye utano vemunyika

Mushure tsaona yakaitika paChernobyl nemwaranzi pamwero yakanga yakawandisa kunyange kushandiswa pakuvaka robotics. Zvinongoreva haana kushanda. Saka taifanira kuita zvinenge ose amaoko avanhu. In Unit 4 metres uye kumativi akakungurutsa pamusoro nechekumashure nemwaranzi.

Kubva zvose nyika yose USSR vanenge 90 000 liquidators vakanga nidzwa. Decontamination boka rinotungamirirwa Valery Mikhailovich Starodumov.

Manual chakaitwa basa guru nesimba kunyange pasina necheseri nemwaranzi. Panzvimbo michini kutama zvokuvakisa vaishandisa nefoshoro stretchers. Pakuchenesa ngwanda of vakaparadza reactor uyewo manually yaizoongororwa. Liquidators vaiva pangozi uye mauto asiri pasina: 30 November wegore iroro apo njodzi, basa rakapera. Chinhu kufarira raiva sarcophagus pa paChernobyl. Photo mukati nokunze yakagadzirirwa kare panguva, uye kunyange iye zvino, munguva yacho popularization of kudzingwa mapazi ari kunyorwa senhema mabhuku.

Results okuvaka 1986

Vakakurumidza akavaka kuvaka, zvine musoro kufunga, asingagoni kunzi husingaperi kana yakasimba. Sezvatinoziva ambotaurwa, mudzimu yokuvanda 4th reactor akanga dzaona kwemakore 25. Valery Starodumov nechipiriso hurumende basa ripoti, yakaratidza, pakati pezvimwe zvikanganiso zviri sarcophagus. Vaiva zvose chokupika nezasi mashandiro avo, uyewo rokuvaka.

Starodumova kwokupedzisira mhedziso yakanga yakavakwa hurongwa haigoni kubatwa somunhu dzose. Kwapera nguva, zvinoda itsva, kwazvo uye asina kudaro zvechimbichimbi matanho.

Dambudziko nokugadzirisa sarcophagus

Time anotora kwayo zvakaoma, uye sarcophagus pana paChernobyl zvakare amenable kutungamirirwa. Saka, nokuda 2008 zvaida kugadziriswa vakatakudzwa kubva zvinobudirira. Uyewo, nguva nenguva muedzo zvivako.

Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinoti, pakupedzisira akwegura pokugara kuparara, achifumira mumhepo matani radioactive muguruva. Kuti izvi zvisaitika ndiko kuti sarcophagus itsva pa paChernobyl. kuvaka Its kwatova pasi nzira, ndivo Mipiro zvikuru nayo. On rokuvaka itsva inodzivirira, nani huchakurukurwa.

Zvichireva sarcophagus itsva

Tine dzimwe pfungwa yokuti "pokugara-2" - kudikanwa, kubva pairi haugoni kuzviramba. Zvakananga zvinorehwa imwe sarcophagus idzva akati Valeriy Kuhar, mutungamiriri Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry uye Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences.

Saka, akataura yekutaura, chinhu chokutanga kuti rive idzva pokugara - ari kurwisa makore yakasviba guruva nemarara mukati. Zvikasadaro, mhepo achawana mumwe airwadza, Magariro kuderera zvikuru.

A sarcophagus mutsva paChernobyl, basa racho "pokugara-2", kuti adzivirire aparadzwe simba chikwata kubva mvura. Maererano naye, dambudziko iri - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha. Mvura somunhu rinoparadza anoita anenge zvose zvinhu. Uye ichi ndicho hwokuwa nokuumbwa itsva guruva nemarara diki, pamwe radioactivity. Panguva iyoyo, dambudziko mvura iri kugadziriswa kungoti kupomba mariri mune chidhina pedyo uye nekunhonga ari okuchengetera matangi. Asi ichi mukana achakurumidza apera. Mvura kupinda 4th chinogumbura, neutachiona uranium exchange, necesium, strontium nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza nharaunda. Hwakavimbika sarcophagus kudiwa kuti kumisa paumbwe mvura yakasvibiswa.

Species anokangaidza kuziva

chokudzingwa mapazi akapoteredza paChernobyl renyukireya simba chirimwa chinokwezva vanoda zvakavanzika. Uye ndezvomuzvarirwo: kwose kwose, apo iwe haugoni kuva munhuwo rehurumende, anofanira kuva chinhu inoshamisa. Special kuziva ndiko sarcophagus pa paChernobyl. Photos akatorwa mukati uye kunze nzvimbo mapazi ndokuisa pamusoro pomumbure ose kuziva vaigona kuona chimedu zvakavanzika sarcophagus.

Preemptive uwandu mapikicha paruzhinji nzvimbo - mufananidzo kubva divi, chinoitwa nevashanyi nharaunda. Ndiani achitora mifananidzo pasi sarcophagus - tinogona chete zvokufungidzira. Nhasi nzvimbo iri ngozi nechekumashure nemwaranzi achiri, saka kuti tourist angangotadza kuwira pasi sarcophagus.

Nezveshoko mamiriro ose sarcophagus, wokutanga pokugara, izvozvo kunowedzera. Muzhizha ra2015 zviri kurongwa kusundira mutsva simbi chivakwa muna reactor navatana sarcophagus. "Pokugara-2" sokunge ari Arch hombe. It rinowanikwa kuti huchashandira hwokuchengetedza kudzivirirwa akatevera 100 makore chiparadzirwe nemwaranzi.

zvakawanikwa

dambudziko Radiation nzira imwe kana mumwe akabata zvose ano vanhu. Europe paChernobyl - chiyeuchidzo kuti hazvibviri kudzora zvose. 1986 tsaona yakaitika paChernobyl, dambudziko iri Soviet Union akasarudza kusika dumba pamusoro ne raputika reactor.

Munyaya taida mufananidzo pamusoro sarcophagus pana paChernobyl, mukati nekunze, izvo zvava nezvokuzadziswa kare pakuvaka mamiriro ichi, tarisiro chokuita rwokudzivirira chivakwa pamusoro simba chikwata. Mufaro wedu mukuru, dzakawanda tichirangarira aripo matambudziko, uye nhasi ari kushingaira kuvaka sarcophagus pana paChernobyl, kuti rusina inovanza pfungwa yacho mwaranzi njodzi iri paChernobyl NPP.

muvengi asingaoneki, izvo kwemakumi emakore mu upenyu paChernobyl chokudzingwa rokufambira, achiri ngozi. Saka, tinoda kuramba sezvaaienderana zviitiko uye kungwarira kwezvakatipoteredza zvikuru nguva dzose. Tinovimba nyaya yedu kwave dzinonakidza uye nguva yako zvakanaka kupedzerwa ichi rwendo kupinda kare.