Relief Ukraine: features, huru zvinhu uye unhu

Ukraine kuti rokuyamura akasiyana chaizvo. Pane zvinenge zvose; makomo mumapani, mumapako, canyons, zvakasara nekorari kumboongororwa uye kunyange jecha Dunes! Ndezvipi chikuru zvinhu zvakazorodza rweUkraine? Zvicherwa izvo howa zviri muura nyika ino? Verenga nezvazvo munyaya ino.

Kunyanya Ukraine yaro chikuru ruyamuro siyana

Vazhinji nyika mukati hombe nemamiriro - East European Plain. Chete kumadokero uye hwakanyanya kumaodzanyemba Ukraine akareba makomo unosvikirwa yakakwirira. Yose zvayo, vanenge 95% of ndima - bani, uye 5 chete% inogarwa neeSultan gomo uye massifs.

Zvinoitwa kuzorodzwa rweUkraine hazvibviri pasina kudoma ayo soro uye rakadzika pfungwa pepasi. Saka, muna Ukrainian Carpathians, pamuganhu administrative pamusoro dzokuTranscarpathia uye Ivano-Frankivsk kumatunhu, ndicho chikuru gomo munyika - Goverla. Kukwirira kwayo mhedziso 2061 mita. Gore negore, zviuru Ukrainians pamukwidzwa ayo manhengatenga. Asi kumativi Kuyal'nitskogo estuary (Odessa nharaunda) ndiro rakadzika pfungwa Ukraine (kubvisa 5 metres pamusoro pegungwa).

pamusoro The Earth panyaya munharaunda Ukraine ano rakaumbwa mamiriyoni emakore, vakawanda Geological epochs. kukura racho nemarererwo tectonic kufamba uye ichangobva uye kupfuura simba glaciations. Nokuda kuti kwakaita nzvimbo yacho rweUkraine zvinoita kutsvakurudza kukuru uye kufarira zvechokwadi. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri yava avasakadza uye mabasa echisimba kwevanhu.

Marudzi ruyamuro Ukraine zvinoshamisa siyana. Kune makomo nemipata, pamapani uye uplands. Karst, materu, aeolian, mvura kukurwa kwevhu, glacial uye biogenic - vose siyana idzi kurerukirwa anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika.

General zvechadenga kwakaita nzvimbo yacho rweUkraine

In mashoko orography yendima rose Ukraine inogona muzvikamu zviviri: rworudyi pamahombekombe, izvo hunodzorwa Mhedziso kukwira vanopfuura 200 metres, uye vakasiya pamahombekombe, Mhedziso kukwirira iri kashoma kupfuura 200 metres pamusoro pegungwa.

The chikuru zviri kunyevenutswa rworudyi-pamahombekombe rutivi rweUkraine - ndiko kuwanda tikaisa zvikomo, zvinokosha kusiyana altitudes pamusoro kwenzvimbo, zvinokosha kuparadzirwa karst siyana. Pamahombekombe kuruboshwe vakawanda munzvimbo dzichienderana enyika pamusoro, pamwe yakatanga zvakanaka rwizi mumipata uye gobvu nomumbure uye nemakoronga.

Rinenge rose kuchamhembe rutivi rweUkraine maigara Polesye pamapani neavhareji kukwira pamusoro 100-250 mamita. kuchamhembe Zhytomyr chete anomira Slovechansko-Ovruch matanda ane kunonyanyisa kukwirira 316 metres. Pakati masango anezvimiti amapani kugara glacial uye aeolian landforms.

Vakawanda Western Ukraine anotora Podolsk Upland, uyewo dzinoverengeka massifs yakaderera-gomo (Voronyaki, Gologory nevamwe). Pano riri uye Khotyn Upland pamwe yakakwirira sandara kwenyika - gomo Byrd (515 metres).

The chivezwa kumabvazuva rutivi rweUkraine ari kunyanya sandara. kufinhwa ichi dilutes iri Donetsk Ridge, Azov uye Upland, Spurs kuti vauye kunyika iri kuchamhembe-mabvazuva zvishoma. Zvinenge rwezasi rose Ukraine (uyewo kuchamhembe chikamu Crimean kweItari) Zvinoda yakakura Black Sea neyamapani, avhareji yakakwirira kunosiyana-siyana pakati 80-120 mamita.

Zvakazorodza Ukraine rinotaurwa kwete chete kune mumapani, asi gomo neeSultan. Ari kure kumavirira munyika dziri Ukrainian Carpathians, zvinosanganisira vanoverengeka wezvikamu inofambirana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

Muchidimbu pamusoro nyika chicherwa pfuma

Ukraine pakati pamusoro nyika munyika gumi zvachose matura chicherwa mari. The chikuru upfumi nyika - ndiyo simbi mhangura ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakakwirira zviri Ferrum. deposits Its chikuru vari pfungwa mukati kryvbas. Mhangura kuchera rinoitwa kubva kumugumo XIX remakore.

Kazhinji, muUkraine mune pamusoro 20 zviuru deposits anodarika mazana zvicherwa zvakasiyana. Pakati pavo, marasha, lignite, nesarufa, negasi, potassium munyu, simbi uye manganese ores, phosphorites, granites, marl, rinopenya uye nevamwe.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye zviwanikwa rweUkraine chaizvo chaizvo zvakabatana. Saka, mukuru marasha Matura pfungwa mukati Donetsk chikuva, mafuta uye gasi - Poltava pachena. By pamaberere ari crystalline nhovo pamusoro Dnieper Upland muchisungwazve makuru deposits zvesimbi manganese ores. Nedra Podolsk Upland zvikuru vapfumi zvakasiyana kuvakwa mbishi zvinhu.

Podolsk Upland

Podolsk Upland - orographic yakarongeka, izvo anopindura vanenge 15% akananga Ukraine. Wokumaodzanyemba kwayo Spurs vauyawo munharaunda pedyo Moldova. The yakakwirira chikomo - Mount Kamuli (471 mita). Avhareji kukwira ndiyo 300-350 mamita.

Podolsky pakukwirira ine zvikurukuru pamusoro reraimu, sandstone, shale uye marl. Naizvozvo, pano uchipinda mined zvakasiyana zvokuvakisa. Rokuyamura pechikomo kuonekwa zvakajeka nomumwe arrays: neOpole kuti dzinochengetwa, Gologory, Voronyaki, Kremenets makomo, Tovtry nevamwe.

Mukati wokuUkraine Podillya zvakajairika chaizvo Karst. Chete iri kumaodzanyemba Ternopil nharaunda, pane mumapako anenge 100. Pakati pavo pane wakarebesa gypsum bako mu Europe - netariro. The Kureba sitiroko kwaro vanofungidzirwa kuva makiromita 250.

Sea Black nokumapani

Black Sea nebani inoremekedzwa anenge yose kumaodzanyemba Ukraine, kuripa kubva Ishimaeri Berdyansk. Hazvina sandara uye zvishoma kurerekera kugungwa Plain neavhareji kukwira pamusoro 80-120 mamita.

Kubva kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba kuyambuka amapani mupata nzizi nhatu makuru - the Dnieper, Dniester uye Southern Bug. Mune watersheds nzizi idzi pane yakasiyana siyana kuzorodzwa - vanonzi pods. Izvi duku woita zvinoderedza panyika, aumba somugumisiro subsidence yacho inoramba yakadzika.

Pamhenderekedzo Black uye Azov makungwa vakaumba estuaries akawanda makuru (Dnieper, Dniester, mukaka, etc.), uyewo muzvizhinji ezvitanda jecha akasvipira mumwe uye nezviduku.

Ukrainian Carpathians

Ukrainian Carpathians - ndiyo chikamu hombe Carpathian wemakomo eJudhiya, riri kumadokero kwenyika uye anofukidza nharaunda dzine mana. Zvinosanganisira inofambirana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri anoverengeka nezvatinovavarira nenzira kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Pakati pavo chaizvo yakadzika longitudinal resamende.

The zvachose kureba Ukrainian Carpathians riri 280 km, uye paavhareji upamhi - vanenge 110? Km. In yose, gomo nzvimbo rinofukidza anenge 24.000 mativi makiromita, riri akafanana munharaunda Mykolayiv nharaunda.

The Geological maumbirwo yegomo hurongwa vakatonga chalky deposits uye Jurassic limestones uye schists. The chicherwa pfuma vari zvikaramba mafuta, gasi uye chicherwa wakisi. Kwakawanda okuporesa chicherwa mvura.

Montenegro - chepamusorosoro akatevedzana wokuUkraine

In wokuUkraine Carpathians, pane matanhatu vanonzi dvuhtysyachnika - Mountains pamusoro chiratidzo 2000 mamita. It Nhongonya: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, Pip Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik uye mbabvu. Vari zvose riri mukati seri - the Montenegrin.

Chornogora Ridge anganzi mugumo vose Ukrainian Carpathians. Ndiye inonyanya kufarirwa wemapoka pakati vashanyi. The muhomba Anotambanudza anenge 20 makiromita uye Watershed vaviri zvikuru Eastern rwizi European - the Tisza uye Prut.

An siyana Montenegro kuri asymmetrical. Wokumaodzanyemba kwayo dzakatenuka nokukurumidza pasi uye zvishoma kana pasina branching. Asi kuchamhembe, nekusiyana, dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mwero branching uye kuderedzwa mu tiers. Against Montenegro kuona glacial landforms - boilers diki, matombo pemidengerero uye moraine anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri.

Tovtry - akasiyana nemamwe dzinongoitika inotungamirwa

Achitaura pamusoro Ukraine kuti zororo, tisingatauri Tovtry. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru geomorphological idzodzo munyika. Munyika mune mashoma vezera ake.

Majini Tovtry - iri rakakura Coral the reef kuti ruoko anoverengeka zana makiromita. Iye anobva pedyo nomusha Pidkamin yeLviv, uye inoguma pedo neguta Costesti, atova pamusoro munharaunda Moldova. Mazana emamiriyoni apfuura pamusoro munharaunda iyi vachisasa inodziya Sea Sarmatian, zvipenyu izvo yatumbuka yakazara ruvara. Grand Toltrovy siyana kuti tinoona nhasi - ichi chinhu, somugumisiro izvi vanoshingaira zvoutachiona kwendangariro.

Tovtry upamhi yemakomo kubva 4 kusvika 12 km uye kukwira kusvikira 430 metres. The yose Kureba muhomba varipo 65 yamabwe, apo mined reraimu, gypsum uye ivhu.

Anthropogenic ruyamuro muna Ukraine

Relief Ukraine kwave zvikuru dzakachinjwa evanhu zvoupfumi basa yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka munzvimbo dzakadai Donbass kana Kryvbas apo dzokubudisa resimbi esimbi uye marasha kubva pasi ari kushingaira kuitwa.

Saka, maguta akapoteredza vazhinji Donetsk uye Luhansk nharaunda nemazana pemirwi kumusoro. duku cône-zvakaumbwa izvi zvikomo, zvinosanganisira tsvina dombo - rudzi kubudikidza-zvibereko marasha indasitiri. Asi nyika Kryvorizhzhya akafanana nesefa, akafukidzwa zvimbambaira, kukundikana uye craters makuru pamusoro nzvimbo nokudzika iron esimbi matombo.

Uyezve, nzira iri Dnieper uye zvimwe mikuru nzizi Ukraine vakanga nemutemo wandisa madhamu. Somugumisiro, nharaunda yakakura anongoti anyangarika pasi mvura, uye kuedza yakapoteredza munzvimbo yave zvikuru ichigadziriswa.

Saka, zviri kushingaira mabhizimisi munhu pamusoro munharaunda rweUkraine remakore rechimakumi maviri yekudyidzana tinoshandurirwa hunhu pemvura, ndinosika itsva chimiro zororo.