Sei kusunungurwa Prague (Prague akavhiyiwa)? Prazhskaya Kuvhiya: zvabuda

Somugumisiro ari Prague oparesheni, Red Army akasunungura guta guru kuCzechoslovakia, uye nokudaro akapedza Second World War mu Europe. Guta rakanga rinocheneswa ari Wehrmacht Hunoita rakatevera kusaina kwechiitiko Kuregwa Germany.

pamusoro avaida

Muchirimo 1945 Berlin uye Prague mashandiro aiva okupedzisira chords or the ari kukundwa reNazi hurumende iri Europe. Kana guta guru Germany aisa, guta guru Czech Republic haasati hwakakanganiswa kurwa. Mauto eSoviet akanga akamirira kuti mberi musi kuPrague. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo yose Europe rava keke kuti yakaparidzwa pakati richakunda nyika. Kwechinguva paiva kwakadzama pamusoro zvaibvira kurwisa Prague, uto American. Asi pakupedzisira vakatamira Czechoslovakia mu nokure zvinoitwa USSR.

The manheru yaMay 8, apo High Command German vakanga vasaina nhumbi kupa muPrague akapinda kokupedzisira yeSoviet. VaNazi chengeta guta pasi kuzvidzora, zvakanzi aronga kuzvipira mirawo. Vakapiwa zuva nezvazvo. tsamwisa oparesheni kunotangira chiitiko kukundikana. The Prague boka Wehrmacht raikosha. Pano Pakupedzisira mutsetse matsime boka wehondo "Center", unova yose yechipiri yezana hondo yaserera kubva Soviet Union. In yose, guta aiva nemasoja Nazi vanenge 900,000 uye nevatsigiri vavo vakatizira Prague kubva zvose pamusoro vasunungurwa Europe.

mashandiro sangano

Apo pre-kushanda wokugadzirira Soviet murayiro unokosha ngwariro inobhadharwa pakusika guru mapoka atirari. By pakutanga rokupedzisira kuwanika yave yaunganidzwa anenge 6000 pfuti uye mumaturi. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo Red Army kwaisava dambudziko software. Ndaiva asingasiyi, uye ichi oparesheni. Prague Kurwisa anoteverwa akabuda ari 2nd Air Army, akarayira General Stepan Krasovsky. ndege anenge 2000 muAtlantic pamusoro huru mutsetse, kutsigira - kunyange 400.

Zvisarudzo All chokuita tsanangudzo saizi anoshandiswa nemauto, vachitungamirira vanhu 2nd uye 4th Ukrainian Fronts. Yaiva "pasi" danho, inova chete pashure tichifunga "panzvimbo" runosimbiswa prices. Chii, kubva nemaonero pamusoro sangano, yave kuoma oparesheni ichi? Prague, nekuzadzisa "musoro" Huru Patriotic War "Append" iri Zvaifadza nhokwe. Somuenzaniso, hondo 1st uye 2nd Ukrainian Fronts vaifanira vaironga kuunganazve mumazuva matatu chete. Raiva pamusoro chinhambwe 100-200 makiromita uye boka guru revanhu rakakura.

vachitsvaka Start

May 6 ubanguranyika of Red Army yakashuma kuti muvengi vakatanga kwakarongerwa shure pamusoro Czech wakaitwa munzvimbo kure anenge 100 chete kubva kuPrague. Mauto eSoviet akatanga ndokudzingirira muvengi. Rearguards Wehrmacht rakarasika uye vakapararira mberi vamapoka wa1 kuUkraine Front. Prague kushandiswa, migumisiro vakanga chaiko kumagumo hondo, aiva pakutsvaka inokurumidza eGermany. We angatsunga kurwisa wandei. Vakanga kunyanya vanhu vaitenda dzematongerwe nokutendeka Nazi uye akasarudza kuti kana kukundwa muhondo nyika vachiri hapana kurasikirwa.

Huru urongwa kuparadza muvengi yazova simba converging inovhuvhuta pachiuno nomuvengi. Saka vokuGermany, kwete chete vamwe asiwo dzinobviswa, kuva zvishoma ngozi. Inoshanda akaratidza kuti kukurukurirana pamusoro Red Army. Pakutanga kushanda ichi vaiva chaizvoizvo 2nd uye 4th Ukrainian fronts, uye ipapo 1st uye 2nd. Matangi Kurwisa kwakanga rinomhanya, pasinei vaifanira kuita mumasango nomunzvimbo dzine makomo. Vakatamira kune 60-100 makiromita pazuva.

Pazuva iroro (May 6) 4th Guards Tank Army akanga atova pedyo mujinga Makomo Mboroma. Raiva kuparadza kubva kumwe mirayiridzo kuDresden, izvo akabvumira kuti vakombe 40,000th muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano of Wehrmacht muna Breslau. May 7 vakatanga kurwisa ehondo 2nd kuUkraine Front. 7 Guards Shumilova hondo pakarepo dzakapasanura napakati German dzakadzivirirwa uye vakaswedera chinhambwe 12 makiromita. Panguva iyoyowo, mauto ari 4th Ukrainian Front wakarwira Olomouc - rinokosha chokufambisa nomusimboti kuti kuizwi Czech rose Republic.

Kutiza Prague

Kukurumidza kufambira mberi Red Army pamusoro sectors dzose pamberi mwoyo kare vakarasikirwa nokutenda mukukunda nevaFascist. Mukuru mauto eGermany guru Czechoslovakia aiva Ferdinand wezvakashata. Akarayira kubvisa kumavirira. VokuGermany vaida kuti vadzokere vokuAmerica pane Soviet Union. Hwakaronga shure muPrague akatanga musi May 9th. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza izvozvo havazotakurwizve zvinodzorwa nomumwe munhu uye akava mumhirizhonga.

Zvichakadai, wavanozvisunga boka 2nd Ukrainian Front akaputsa mumwe mitsetse muvengi. Iye vakaswedera 60 makiromita, kuti asimbise vadzore Znojmo. Kuruboshwe bapiro wehondo rakanga pamahombekombe Danube uye akatanga zvinokambaira ayo nechokumusoro kumahombekombe, vachikanda yokuGermany rearguard. Mumakore aya mazuva matatu Soviet Air Force nendege anopfuura 7000 sorties, kutsigira kurwiswa Ukrainian fronts.

Kusunungurwa guta

May 9th of 1st Ukrainian Front akapinda Prague. Zvino Red Army uye vamiririri kuchengeteka mabasa vaisafanira kupa vokuGermany kuti ikabuda. In ichi Vakabatsirwa ne Czech partisans, uyo aiziva guta uye akarikomberedza nzvimbo zviri nani zvikuru vatorwa.

East wokuPrague, takapoteredzwa zvinopfuura 50 nemapoka akaoneka. Ndivo mauto chikuru muvengi. Varwi German vakanga vasina kurongeka, avo vatungamiri akatadza kudzora vamwe pamusoro wake pasi. Mhanyai akabatwa vokuAmerica vakakwanisa chete vamapoka, kungova boka wehondo "Austria".

Kuronga roa

Prague tsamwisa mashandiro kuitwa kwete chete kuzorwa Wehrmacht, asiwo roa - Russian Rorusununguko. Vakagadzirira ichi vaiva pevatsigiri Soviet, pakutanga hondo vakaenda kuna pamwe Germany. Muchirimo 1945 roa akasarudza kutizira kumavirira, kuti arege kuwira mumaoko vakuru veSoviet.

May 12 akasungwa mukuru wehondo General Vlasov. Iye vazhinji nevamwe vakuru roa zvakatorerwa Soviet Union. Ikoko, vakaedzwa uye vakaurayiwa. Roa munhuwo Varwi vakanga vakabatwa panguva kuvhiyiwa muPrague, kunyanya akapedzisira mumisasa uye nhapwa.

Last nemishonga

The vakasara kuenda SS mauto vakaurayiwa pausiku May 12. Kurwa yakarasika uye musoro yeko "rufu squads" Carl Friedrich of Pückler-Burghaus. Izvi boka rokupedzisira yaiumbwa mumapoka "Das Reich" uye "Wallenstein".

Vakasvika muganhu pamwe vokuAmerica shure May 9 asi vakaramba kugamuchira Kuregwa vapoteri. Ipapo andibudire vokuGermany akasika chiduku dzakavakirirwa mumusasa. Manheru musi May 11, ivo vakarwiswa boka kuchengeteka vakuru kubva People wacho Commissariat pamusoro National Kutsigira USSR. Nokukurumidza akabatana Red Army. Pakazosvika mangwanani yaMay 12 ichi chikwata wokupedzisira neNazi rakaparadzwa. Saka akagumisa Prague oparesheni. Gore negore, vanhu vaigara muguta pamazuva okupemberera kubhadhara mutero kuna liberators Soviet. mazita avo wakapiwa mumigwagwa nemapaki. Marshal Konev, uyo akatungamirira chiito kushandiswa, akanga akaita honorary mugari weguta Balti.

Loss uye zvabuda

ndiko kushanda ichi chaiva varwi mamiriyoni maviri Red Army uye batana nyika (Poland, Romania uye Czechoslovakia), kuguma hondo. The Prague kudzivirira German raiva zvaari shoma dzakabatana kuti ikabuda. Zvisinei, musazonetsanazve izvi zvakaguma zvikuru nezvinhu - zvose pakurwa akauraya 12 zviuru Red Army.

Mumazuva mashoma ari kushanda zvikamu Soviet akakwanisa kuparadza kana andobata zvuru 860 mauto Wehrmacht uye SS. In muutapwa vaiva 60 veuto Army Group "Center", uye vamwe. It akabatwa ne 9500 mukombe pfuti uye mumaturi, zviuru ndege, 1800 dzehondo uuraye pfuti, uye nezvimwe zvombo siyana uye uto michina.

May 11 Prague akavhiyiwa vakasvika zvine musoro mhedziso. mauto eSoviet akasvika mutsetse navo vokuAmerica. It chaiitirwa riri pamuganhu maguta Chemnitz uye rePlzeň. Sezvo Czechoslovakia kwemakore akawanda raiva Soviet zvoupenyu simba. Poutongi hwakagadzwa munyika. Hurumende akapinda pakati Organization ari Warsaw chibvumirano.

Nokushanda 1945 uye 1968.

Nokuda kwohumwe kuitika mugovanisi Czechoslovakia zvinowanzotaurwa akaenzanisa kwomudzimu muPrague (1945) uye kushanda Prague Spring 1968. The wokupedzisira rakatanga apo hurumende yeSoviet zvavakatemerwa muguta guru riri munyika necheSalvic mauto, kukakavadzana chisarudzo charo, "iri normalization mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika." Muna 1968 muCzechoslovakia, yose kosi vaiva norupo kuchinja, izvo haana kufanana utungamiriri USSR, sezvo zvinoitika yavo aigona kuva nzira kubva Czechoslovak rechiKomonisiti simba.

Prague Spring, "Operation Danube" uye zvakazoitika vava chinokosha kweHondo Yemashoko. Nhasi, ari Czech mafungiro pazviitiko muna 1945 uye 1968. zvakanyatsosiyana. Muchiitiko chokutanga, mauto eSoviet akasvika Prague sezvo liberators kubva nevaNazi, uye yechipiri, yakafanana nehondo tangi makwara wakapwanya democratic rusununguko vagari Czechoslovakia.