Sei uye chii kuita mbiriso

Mbiriso ndiwo muviri zvipenyu yagara kurimwa nevanhu uye kushandiswa achigadzirira zvokudya uye hwahwa. Kana mukakumbira, kubva chii chinoita mbiriso, mhinduro mushoko rimwe hwaizodai. Chokwadi kuti zvakavapo panyika asati azvarwa yebudiriro kwevanhu.

rakasiyana Micro-zvinenge

Mbiriso - ndivo tusingaoneki mupenyu kuti anogona zvokudya uye tinobereka. Vanofanira chaizvo nehanya tembiricha uye Kuronga chikafu.

Mbiriso notumwe kuripo kwose kwose zvakasikwa. Vakaguta zvipenyu pakugadzira zvinhu, uye urongwa muviri, kuti uvire, zvibereko zvitsva makemikari. Kuwanda tusingaoneki izvi zvakasikwa iguru kuti kana tikaenzanisa pamwe nhamba sejecha pagungwa uye panyika, mbiriso spores vachava nguva yakawanda. Hatigoni kutaura, kuti vose mhando yeasts vari ikoko zvakawanda. Vamwe vane zvakanaka utano hwedu, uye vamwe - zvinokuvadza. mbiriso All mupenyu kuzviita emit carbon dioxide inobvisa uye doro hacho.

Mycetomas mhando akashandiswa kugadzirwa chingwa mukanyiwa

Yaigadzira zvokudya, uye iyi, vari kubika indasitiri, kushandisa mamwe marudzi chete, kureva vaya kudya zvinovaka muviri substrate, emit yakawanda carbon dioxide. Zviri nokuda matema negasi uye chingwa anotendeuka porous. Unhu awo kunyange pakutsvaga sei haazvibati chingwa kana tsonyera kuna pakatarisana kumativi yeimwe uye kusunungurwa. Kana yakagadzirisa wayo hwepakutanga - izvi zvinoreva kuti chingwa hwakanaka. Mbiriso mukirasi iyi yakawandisa. Mumazuva ano kubikira indasitiri nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi nyoro chingwa anowanzodanwa kushandiswa howa kubva Saccharomyces mhuri.

mbiriso Baker uye sourdough

Chii chinoita kuti mbiriso kubikira chingwa, vose vanoziva vechingwa. Taura pamusoro chingwa mbiriso dzakarurama kutanga nyaya sourdough. Zvinonzi kunotaurwa mumabhuku ekare, zviuru nezviuru zvakati makore zera. Sourdough uye mbiriso womubiki - tiri dzakangofanana. Sourdough - chigadzirwa ndiko kuhupenyu kuti kwagara kunyanya kungwarira. Zviito All naye rakombwa nechokuita zhinji uye zvinoitwa. Products chimbuzi yepakutanga Starter, akasarudzwa nokungwarira zvikuru. Most zvinobudirira kuchengeta uye yakura, achipfuura kubva kumarudzi namarudzi.

Quality chingwa - runovimbisa utano hwakanaka

Chokwadi chokuti marudzi akasiyana howa zviripo ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Uye kunyange kana mukanyiwa mbiriso akaberekwa ari mumwe chete pakugadzira zvinhu, vachava nyama inonaka chaizvo, hazvirevi kuti Starter inotevera nguva iwe kushandisa anozviratidza zvakafanana. Pane nguva dzose mukana kuti pakutanga howa tsika chikatsiviwa itsva. Hazvina chaioneka akashama ziso, asi inotevera batch mangé chingwa kunogona shata uye kunyange utano. Hapana tsaona mumazuva ekare imwe nzira kuparadza muvengi rudzi kana mumwe munharaunda zvokuti. Spy kupinda muvengi wacho kwomusasa uye pachiteshi nembiriso, nokuti vaidavira kuti chingwa uye mvura - revane zvokudya vanhu. Kubva chatingatevedzera zvigadzirwa maviri kunobva utano uye upenyu. Ndezvipi yeasts chokuita chigadzirwa? Yochinja chitarisiko chawo, magadzirirwo, akafanana uye zvivako. Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro basa ravo, zvinokosha kunzwisisa sei uye chii chinoita mbiriso womubiki.

Mbiriso mazambiringa

Tora rimwe Girazi hop pasikweya, ndidire magirazi maviri emvura uye kupfeka moto. Cook kusvikira kusvikira bhuku emura ipfupi nehafu. Cool kuna 37-40 madhigirii uye epfungwa. The hop muto, isa chimwe kana zviviri spoon kuti shuga uye hafu mukombe furawa. Cover cheesecloth ea. Izvi zvinokosha kuti kupa mbiriso okisijeni, zvikasadaro vanofa. Uise mugaba noushamwari panzvimbo yakaoma kubva zvakananga chezuva uye drafts. Mazuva maviri gare gare, uchaona tsika mbiriso nomubiki wacho, zvakafanana mona iyo, chakawana zvishoma nezvishoma, unogona kuzodzosera kushandiswa mune kubikira. Kazhinji, 1 kg hwakatsetseka zvinoda kubva 50 kusvika 100 g sourdough.

Scrumptious ngavawane chingwa pamusoro sourdough kubva bhari mumera uchi uye mazambiringa. Mumera - imwe youpfu milled kubva tsanga germinated nokuoma. The microbiological Zvinoumba yaro vangasimudzira vakasiyana Kuronga yakabwinyiswa hwakatsetseka zviyo.

The chakavanzika kuna inonaka doro - mumera, mazambiringa uye mbiriso

Mazambiringa nebhari mumera - ichi chinobva chii chinoita mbiriso Brewer wacho. pakubika doro zvikuru nyore. Whole zviyo vakanyura zvebhari kumera. Rye zviyo - zviri uyewo chimwe chii chinoita mbiriso doro. Zvisinei, nokuda chaizvo kuravira, bhari rinoshandiswa kakawanda. Zvakafanira kuti imere. Neproroschennoe zviyo mbiriso havadi - kune yakawanda starch uye mwoyo shuga. Kana kusashanda, embryo, kureva kumera, zviyo kusashanda amino iine acid chipo mairi - amylase. Amylase uye hydrolysis kuti starch kupinda digestible shuga kuti howa. Dzakamera zviyo, mumera inonzi imwe nguva wakachengetwa zororo kuitira zvikuru rakakwana chinovira, ipapo milled yakavhenganiswa nemvura uye vakabika pamwe kuwedzera mazambiringa. Zvachinja sana - zvokudya zvakaisvonaka kuti mbiriso Brewer vake. nezvemarudzi maviri mbiriso inoshandiswa doro. Vamwe yakavira drink uye vanogara panyika ari kudziya + 14-25 Celsius. Izvi zvinonzi Chigaro fomu pamusoro pemvura mbiriso naMashi foamy musoro. Panoperera muitiro akatasva yakavira mbiriso rinosakara kusvika pasi guru. Pane inotanga mumwe nyuchi - mbiriso grassroots. Vanoshanda ezvinhu kutonhora - at tembiricha kubva +6 kusvika +10 inegumi.

Akaoma art mubiki

Mumazuva ekare, kusati kwatombova dzemagetsi Stoves uye sefiriji, kubika kwacho uye kuchengetedza mbiriso chingwa yakanga vanenge sakaramendi. Tsika regai vanokweretesa, uye kana vakaita chingwa (izvi zvinotora mazuva anenge maviri), ipapo akaedza haana kuita ruzha, regai slam mikova uye utorwe. Vakatevera bika kuti varambe vachifambirana nguva obmyat nayo uye vasaora yakashapa. Non-zvaidiwa ezvinhu hwakazara kukura nedzimwe tsika mbiriso, nokuti mbiriso zvakasiyana vanoda zvakasiyana tembiricha, arambe achirema uye Kuronga inotonhorera substrate. mbiriso Useful inogona kutsiviwa anokuvadza. Zvaidavirwa kuti murombo anogara shata chingwa. Chingwa akaedza kutenga chete kubva imwe tenzi.

Mbiriso - tsime mavhitaminzi zvakakodzera kuti utano

Saka mbiriso chingwa yakavira hwaro kuti zviri kuchinja, uye ayo makemikari anoumba. chingwa Good ine hwakatsetseka, mvura uye mbiriso, umo shoma zvokudya mbiriso shuga. Kuravidza chingwa - migumisiro hwakatsetseka chinovira mbiriso. Mbiriso chingwa vafumiswa ne B mavhitaminzi uye vhitamini D. Kana kugocha ari Russian chitofu, zvokudya vakawanda akaramba. Hazvina kujeka kana aizivikanwa yekare, asi vira tembiricha hunenge matatu - kare, panguva uye pashure kubikira. Soft yunifomu kupisa panguva kubika zvingwa zvakanga pasi mvura Kubika tembiricha. For guru kwazvo kupisa chigadzirwa kupiswa kunze uye mukati haana kubikwa kuburikidza. mbiriso yakaoma Modern, kusiyana mbiriso, zviri nyore chaizvo nekuti zvishoma fussy uye yakatsiga zvikuru. Bheka chingwa ndezvipi zvingaitwa kunyange ruzivo hositesi. Panyaya iyi dzinongoitika mubvunzo unomuka: "Uye chii chiri kuita mbiriso wakaoma?"

Shuga, mvura, uye mhepo tembiricha 30-50 madhigirii - the optimum zvakatipoteredza Saccharomyces

Sezvo mbiriso - zvinenge zviri kurarama, ivo, uye makuru, musaita, uye kukura kubva zvavo, anoshandiswa kugadzirwa chingwa mbiriso - Saccharomyces, kureva utachiona kuti zvokudya zvinozipa pamusoro - shuga, sucrose, fructose, etc. ari mafekitari .. zvokudya kubikira mbiriso inoshandiswa shuga bhiti tsvina guru - molasses. Shuga bhiti - chokwadi dzinoita yakatsvuka mbiriso mudzimba mabhizimisi.

molasses

Yeasts kukura pamusoro chigadzirwa ichi. Molasses, inonzi munhu mutema treacle riri gobvu, viscous mvura zvikuru rima ruvara. Imwe pub of substrate kunowedzera kusvika 750 makirogiramu kuti mbiriso. Molasses kubva bhiti kana shuga sengere - kuti izvo zvinoita mbiriso kubika chakatsikirirwa, uye instantons. Pari, nokuti makuru vhoriyamu okuwana uye yakakwirira kudiwa mbiriso vakagadzirira-yakaitwa, ndicho hwaro kurima Saccharomyces. Zvisinei, notumwe izvi anogona kukura zvakanaka uye dzimwe chirimwa zvinhu, mupfumi dzinongoitika shuga. Kana ukashandisa starchy substrate - mbatatisi kana zviyo, inofanira pasi chinovira.

Modern kuchengeteka chigadzirwa kurera mukanyiwa

Saka zviri pachena kuti, kubva chii chinoita mbiriso kubikira pamusoro ano kugadzirwa zvivako, hakuna kukuvadza utano. Zvakakodzera chengetedzo uye kushandisa ano mukuru-nokukurumidza mbiriso yakaoma haigoni kutya kuti ivo vave itsva, zvinokuvadza utano tsika, sezvo mukurima zvokudya anoshandisa chete yeasts avo vari zvakanaka vadzidza kuti kuramba transformations siyana. Uyezve, vari nani zvikuru kupfuura "nyoro" nembiriso, yakabikwa kumba. The yakaoma mbiriso metabolic pezvakaitwa vari kunofambira mberi ezvinhu. Muviri ari chete kutanga kuwedzera shuga uye mvura - mvura kana mukaka.

Wakabata pamwechete chokwadi kuti chii chinoita kuti mbiriso kubikira chingwa, kusarudza chii kupa sarudzo - mbishi kana extruded yakaoma nokukurumidza Kuparadzwa (pakarepo).

chakatsindirwa

Akura ari molasses mbiriso gobvu vaparadzana, kuti decanted. The mbiriso inowedzerwa mvura uye akaparadzaniswa zvakare. Somugumisiro, vakawanda kurapwa mbiriso gobvu anova grayish ruvara uye viscous kusachinja-chinja. Vacuum chikwata anobvisa zvakawandisa unyoro. Izvi zvinonzi sublimation. The zvichiguma kuchena, mapurasitiki, nevhu-kufanana fuma iri dzaserera, rakakamurwa migove, aumbwa munzvimbo briquettes, kugara mu akaramba bepa uye kutengeswa. Kuchengeta chigadzirwa kuti refrigerated panguva tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa 2 madhigirii chilis uye mwando vanenge 72-75%. Pasherufu upenyu - mazuva 12. In chitoro, mbiriso kwakadaro munguva yedu havangagoni kuwana. Muchiitiko chino, ndinoda kuziva, kubva chii chinoita compressed mbiriso, kana vari zvakadaro ichinetsa kuwana. Pashure pezvose, kazhinji isu vanowanzofunga kuti zvigadzirwa aishongedza kuti echiShinto makore 20 apfuura, aiva nani zvikuru pane aripo. Zvinogoneka kuti ichi ichokwadi, asi kwete pamusoro mbiriso.

Zvakaratidza, zviri vaya vasingadaro, kubva chii chinoita mbiriso kubika chakatsikirirwa, asi kuti ivo ndivo zvakavaomera chaizvo kushandisa. Iraramise anodiwa mwando netembiricha munyika yakaoma kuchitonhora akararama mumhuri firiji zvakaoma zvikuru. mumazuva 12 izwi ichikutadzisa vemba. Kazhinji, kubika mbiriso mukanyiwa paaivatambudza pakupera kwevhiki. Boka rose mbiriso compressed mumwe kakawandisa. Nokuti mhuri 4 vanhu, kunyange vaenzi vakakokwa, nehafu rongedza kupfuura zvakakwana, uye kusvikira neSvondo rinotevera kuramba mbiriso vanoshingaira zvakadaro hazviiti.

akaoma

mbiriso Dry yagara zvakasimba vatora nzvimbo dzekubikira yedu. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti pasinei zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano ano, ayo anoshandiswa Vagadziri chigadzirwa ichi, mbiriso akaomeswa zvaizivikanwa munguva chiKristu apo Starter chikapwa kuchengetedza panguva zvokufambisa pamusoro madaro marefu. Kuti dzinoita mbiriso yakaoma, haina akasiyana iyo kuti compressed. Ndizvo inonaka molasses uye, chaizvoizvo, pachavo Saccharomyces.

The mutoo kubudisa refu, nekuti akura uye ubatanidzwewo tasara tisina mvura mbiriso gobvu vanofanira dosushit uye dzikwanise pellets. Kune mhando nhatu mbiriso rakaoma. Ichi chakaoma vanoshingaira mbiriso, vanoshingaira yakaoma uye pakarepo yakaoma kushingaira pakarepo instantons. Shuga manyuchi uye Saccharomyces - kuti dzinoita mbiriso nokukurumidza. Zvakasiyana kupera mvura mumuviri michina chete. Kana mbiriso yakaoma rinoshandiswa kwakajairika pasi-tembiricha nokuomesa muovheni panguva Russian ano, ari pakarepo akaomeswa pasi Vacuum sublimation nzira. Mune nzira kupwa chigadzirwa chokutanga inotengwa ane panzvimbo simba rinokosha basa. Pasinei nokuti lifespan kuti mbiriso - 12 mwedzi, vanogona zvakaoma kuomerera kumagumo, saka zvikuru kurasikirwa pfuma kuvira kubikira kuti zano kutenga chete pakutanga ari aiti ari pasuru pasherufu upenyu. Naizvozvo, kuverenga muchipo IAA kavha vainyatsoongorora kwete chete mashoko kuti pane chii chinoita mbiriso kubika, murwiyo zvibereko, ayo caloric kugutsikana, zita mugadziri, asi musi zvaAtemisi mbiriso, uye avo refu.

Emulsifiers uye antioxidants

Kana iwe uri pamusoro kukumbanidzwa pakati emulsifiers uye antioxidants, kushandisa compressed mbiriso kana nembiriso. Zvisinei, yeuka kuti vave chipo kunaka utano microflora uye zvine maatomu akafanana. Emulsifiers vari kuwedzera yakatsvuka mbiriso gobvu asati kuomesa. Mukanyiwa All chadururirwa pasi tireyi ari Vacuum kamuri. akasikwa ikoko vibration, nayo anoudzawo munhu substrate rwakapwa kuva zvikamu zviduku duku, izvo panguva iyoyo mumapepa mu chisimbiso muhomwe. The emulsifier uye antioxidant inowedzerwa mbiriso kudzivirira kukura pamusingadi pamusoro notumwe uye pamusoro adhesion zvavo vasati richashandiswa pabvunzo. Musafunga kuti yokuvirisa dziri nziyo kukuvadza utano hwedu. pfungwa Izvi zvikuru kutadza uye kwazvo anopa dilettantism uye "muchivanze kugona 'munyaya samolecular kemisitiri. Dzimwe nguva unogona kunyange kunzwa ichi: "Munhu wose anoziva kubva chii chinoita mbiriso. Zvinoumba mbiriso zvakanaka - Saccharomyces ndiyo chete uye hapana chimwezve "Zvisinei, kunyange mbiriso compressed ugodira mafuta muriwo, kuti vangadai vasina vakatanga nokushingaira kuwanda kusvikira kusvika muna inotapira zvichachipedza. Kubvunza, kubva izvo kuti mbiriso yakaoma (sezvamunoita inorondedzerwa pamusoro pasuru), unogona kuona kuti chigadzirwa ine dzinongoitika mbiriso, emulsifier E 491, antioxidant E 320, starch kana rehydration. Muzviitiko apo ari mbiriso yakaoma inosanganisira mbiriso uye hapana chimwezve, vachiti chete kuti mugadziri asina ruzivo zvizere pamusoro Kuronga chigadzirwa, pane kusavapo pakudzikamisa uye disinfecting netsvina. Vanhu vane uchifara, achiti kuti kutya chikafu kunogona kuuraya nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika zvokudya pachayo. Izvi zvinoshanda yokuvirisa zvokudya.

Cooking chingwa mukanyiwa, yakakanyiwa instantons mbiriso pakarepo, zvinofadza. Zvakanaka yakasimbiswa mbiriso pakarepo "SAF-nguva". Kuziva kubva chii chinoita mbiriso "SAF-duku", sezvinoratidzwa pamusoro Chikwata, unonzwa zvakawanda chivimbo kuti mugadziri, pane kana akanga asina kunyorwa kuti kudzora mwando mumatunhu ari mbiriso rehydration uremu wakapinda. mbiriso Izvi hazvigoni dzinoberekera inotapira mukaka kana shuga manyuchi. Dzinozvigadzirira zvakajeka mukanyiwa, kana ndokuidururira zvakananga kupinda furawa kana hupfu vakagadzirira vmese.

Ode Saccharomyces uye Vacuum

Chii kuti vanoda - mbiriso kana nembiriso, nomumwe anozvisarudzira. Zvisinei, kubva chii kuita mbiriso, tinonzwisisa. On the shuga manyuchi zvakaoma chaizvo, kana pane hazviiti kukura kwete Saccharomyces, uye chero ngozi dzoutano howa. Doro uye carbon dioxide chaibwinya ne vashandi vaduku izvi, zvinoparadza pathogenic microflora, uye Vacuum sublimation uye chisimbiso kavha hunovimbisa kusavapo makanga musina utsanana utachiona. Sourdough - chinhu chakanaka, asi kana zvichibvira kugadzirira zvakafanana chena?